快递物流网络优化研究外文文献翻译1

文献出处:HumbleM.Thestudyofexpresslogisticsnetworkoptimization[J].OperationsResearchPerspectives,2016,6(3):106-115.原文ThestudyofexpresslogisticsnetworkoptimizationHumbleMAbstractExpressindustryasanimportantpartofmodernlogisticsindustrytobecomeoneofthefastestgrowingindustriesinrecentyears.Therapiddevelopmentofexpressindustryleadtoalotofcapitalinflowexpressdeliverymarket,thusexpresscompanies,therearemanysizesforgrabmarketresources,thecompetitionbetweenenterprisesisbecomingmoreandfiercer.Excessivecompetitioncausedalotofwasteofresources,reducetheutilizationofresources,andincreasethecostoflogistics.Inordertosolvetheseproblemsneedtointegratetheexpressindustryresources,increasetheconcentrationofindustrylevel.AndCouriercompaniesmergersandreorganizationistheintegrationbetweentheexpressindustryresources,expressdeliveryindustrycompetitivenesseffectiveway.Expresslogisticsnetworkintheexpressindustryisregardedasexpressthelifebloodofenterprises,ofwhichtheendoftheservicenetwork(hereinafterreferredtoasendnodes),thedistributioncenter,theurbanregionalhub(hereinafterreferredtoastheregionalhub)andthenumberofspatiallayoutdirectlydeterminestheoperationmodeofdeliveryandqualityofoperations.Therefore,underthemergerrestructuringenterprisesexpresslogisticsnetworkoptimizationintegrationtoexpressthedevelopmentoftheenterpriseafterthemergerandreorganizationplaysadecisiverole.Keywords:Mergersandreorganization;Networkoptimizationintegration;Endnode;Distributioncenter1IntroductionLogisticsnetworktheoryistheinevitableoutcomeofthedevelopmentoflogisticsmanagementresearchGumconstantly,isastandardized,systematicandscientificresearchimportantwayofmodernlogistics,itexpandedthelogisticsnetworkoperationsresearchnewtrainofthought,providesatheoreticalbasisforthelogisticsnetworkoptimization.DJBowers(2007)putforwardthetheoryofsupplychainlogisticsintegration,andbasedonlogistics,warehouselocation,transportationcost,inventorycost,etc,integratingadvancedthetheoryofintegrationarchitecture.MSRamm.(2009)integratedlogisticsnetworkisaclosedloopintegratedforward/reverselogisticsnetwork,includingproduction/recovery,mixeddistribution,customers,collectingandprocessingcenter,etc.,firstusedtodeterminethemixedintegerlinearprogrammingmodelforlogisticsnetworkintegration,andtheninuncertainscenariosusingthemixedintegerlinearprogrammingmodel,themodelcanavoidsuboptimalresultscausedbyseparationandcontinuous.MariaBoilermud(2013)inanonlinearintegermodeltosolvethedynamicintegratedforwardandreversedistributionnetworkdesignmodeldoubleHstandardstominimizetransportcostsandtime;Integratedlogisticsnetworkfacilitylocationproblemtoimprovetheefficiencyofforwardandreverselogistics,mainlyisthedeterminationofthreetypesoffacilities,warehouse(logistics),collectioncenters(reverselogistics)andmixedfacilities(forwardandreverselogistics).Expresslogisticsnetwork1SummaryoflogisticsnetworkDonaldj.BowerandDaviditslossinthebookoftheprocessoflogisticsmanagement,supplychainintegrationpointsoutthatthewholelogisticsnetworkdesignhasadirectimpactonthelogisticsefficiency,toprovidecustomerservicecapabilitiesandcostmainlybynumberoflogisticsfacilities,theinfluenceofthepracticalfactorssuchasscale;Essentialpartofnetworklayoutdesignistodeterminethenumberofeverykindoffacilities,locationandjob,etc.;Intheconstantlychangingcompetitiveenvironment,thetypesofproducts,customerdemandchangesatthemoment,soperfectingtheinfrastructurenetworktoadapttothechangeofsupplyanddemandisveryimportant.Ronaldh.Balloon(2010)arguesthattheessenceofthenetworkstructureproblemistodeterminefromtothecustomer'snetworkstructure,includingthefacilitytype,number,locationandeachfacilitybetweenthedeterminationofamountofproductsandcustomers;Inhisbook"logisticsmanagement",liststhedataneededforlogisticsnetworkintegration,andputforwardtheevaluationandtheevaluationofenterpriselogisticsnetworkinthegeneralauditcriteria.Logisticsnetworkhasthefollowingcharacteristics:logisticsnetworkhasthecharacteristicsofhighefficiency.Thegoaloflogisticsnetworkisthelowestcostforashortertimewouldbedeliveredgoodsingoodconditionofthedemandside,themaximumcombinationoflogisticsandinformationflow,cashflowtoachieve"zeroinventory,ashortperiodoftime,nointermittenttransmission"istheidealstate.Theopennessofthelogisticsisnetwork.Opennessisthefoundationoflogisticsnodescanbethroughthepublicnetwork,allnodesconnecteddirectlyorindirectly.Logisticsnetworkopennessenableseachnodeandothernodesexchangeinformationquickly,processingbusiness.Pilotlogisticsnetworkinformation.Widespreaduseofmechanizationandautomationequipmentcangreatlyimprovethelevelofinformationoflogisticsnetwork,butthecollection,management,analysisandminingequipmentintheprocessoflogisticsinformationismoreimportant.Theinformationinthelogisticsnetworkthroughoutthelogisticsactivityalways,totheoperationoflogisticsnetworkasawholehavethefunctionoftheguidanceandintegration.Logisticsnetworkhasthesizeadvantage.Scaleistheimportantaimsoflogisticsnetwork.Dispersionformedinthefieldoflogistics,logisticsnetworknodesandthecharacteristicofmanagement,willhighlightitsscaleadvantage.Throughlarge-scalejointoperationoflogisticsnodescanfullyimprovetheefficiencyofthewholeoperationofthelogisticsnetwork,reducethecostoftheoveralloperation,relianceonasinglenodeoflogisticsnetworkisalsosignificantlyreduced;Can'tworknormallyevenifthereisanode,othernodescanquicklymakeupforit,resistriskability.2ThecharacteristicsoftheexpresslogisticsnetworkExpresslogisticsnetworkmainlyincludesthreeparts,maintransportnetworks,anddistributionnetworks,fromendoff.Everypartofthenetworkcompositionandtheexerciseofthefunctionsofeacharenotidentical.Backbonetransportnetworkismainlybetweenregionalhubandregionalhubanddistributioncenterofthenetwork,itismainlylongdistancetransportation,mainlybycarandairtransportway.Distributionnetworkismainlybetweendistributioncenterandendnodenetwork,goodsdistributionthroughthedistributioncenters,arrivedattheendofthesubordinatebranches.Fromendoffnetworkcomposedofcustomersandendnode,itisthefirstlinkisthefinallinkofexpressdeliverybusiness,isalsoanimportantpartofthecustomerexperience.Thedifferentmethodsofdeliveryofgoodsproducedtwotypesofnetworks:shafttypeandtheentirecompanygeneralformulaexpresslogisticsnetwork.Amongthem,themajorstructureoftheradiationisthehubofpartitionnetworkcharacteristics,ineachpartitioncanhaveoneormoreofthehub,thehubnodecannotonlysendandreceivethegoodswithintheregionbutalsocanconnectotherareasofthehubnode,transitandsortingisalsoitsfunction.Intheaxisofthetypeexpresslogisticsnetwork,transportofgoodsneedtotransporttothehubnode,throughsortingtransithubnodebeforehandingoutagain.Fullyconnectednetworkisanynodeisexchangedbetween,shouldhavetheshippinglinedirectlyconnected.Theconnectednetworkcanrealizegoodsdirecttypedistributionbetweenanynodesonthenetwork,butthiswayofdistributionwillbeanadditionalshippingcost.BecauseofthedisperseddistributionandsmallfeaturesexpressCouriercompaniesisthemaindistributionobject,soaxialradialexpressmorethanlogisticsnetworkalloveralongwiththenetworkhelpstoimprovelogisticsresourcesintegration,logisticsresourceutilization,toreducelogisticscost,shaftftypeexpresslogisticsnetworkmoreinlinewiththeactualsituationofdeliveryoperation.Thecompositionofexpresslogisticsnetwork3.1DeliveryterminalnetworkDeliveryattheendofthenodeisthebeginningoftheexpresslogisticsnetworkpointandendpoint,itsmainfunctionistoPostingandexpressesmaildelivery.Endpointsaremainlydistributedinexpressbusinesscoveredarea,itisahubbetweencustomersandexpresslogisticsnetwork,itisthemostcloselyrelationshipwiththecustomer.2ExpresstransitcenterFedExtransitnodeismainlytoexpresslogisticsnetworkofexpressdistributionandtransport.Intheexpressindustrygenerallycallforwardingnodesdistributioncenter.Distributioncenteristhatitisimportanttoexpresstheimportanceofsortinganddistributingnode,althoughitisnotengagedincommodityconcreteproduction,butitcarriedfromotheroutletstoexpressaccordingtotheactualsituationoftheirconcentration,distributionandtransport,soastorealizeexpressprocessfromscatteredtocentralizedanddecentralized.Largeexpresstransitcenteralsoknownastheregionalhub,ismainlyresponsibleforanareaofexpressdistributionprocessingwork.Regionalhublocationandcapacityoftheentirenetworktransittimeandproduceagreatimpactonthetransportcapacity.Expressdeliveryregionalhubofthedistributioncenter,unifiedhandlingafteritsfocustosendtootherregionalhuborsenttotheaffiliatedistributioncenters.FedExtransitcenterlocation,quantity,andthedeterminationofposition,usuallytocomprehensivelyconsiderthegoodscategory,quantity,flow,trafficconditions,geographicallocation,timeliness,urbanplanningandpolicy,andothertransitcenterconnectingrelations,operationefficiencyandotherfactors.3ExpresslogisticsoperationnetworkExpressoperationofthenetworkismainlycomposedofbackbonetransportnetwork,distributionnetworkandterminaltosendthreeparts.Amongthem,thebackbonetransportnetworkismainlycomposedofregionalhubanddistributioncenter,distributionnetworkmainlydistributioncenterandendnode;fromendoffthenetworkbytheendofbranchesandcustomerfocuspoint.Usuallyexpresslogisticsnetwork,thenetworkbackbonenetworkstructureforshafttypenetwork,mostlyadoptmorehubshaftradialnetwork;Fromdistributionnetworkandendoffnetworkmainlybasedontheprincipleofregionalscopeofradiationdistanceandwiththemethodofpartitionmanagement.Theexpresslogisticsnetworkisthecorepartofthebackbonetransportnetwork;itistheassuranceofdeliverytimeliness.Backbonenetworkprocessisconductedwithintheenterprise,theoptimizationofthebackbonenetworkmainlyfromtheperspectiveofthecostorexpense.Fromendoffnetworkbecauseofclosecontactwithcustomers,isexpressenterpriseandcustomerdirectinteractionbetweenthenodes,notonlyconsiderthecostonitsoptimizationintegrationproblems,shouldthinkmorecustomerswithbetterserviceexperienceforthemainpurpose,payattentiontotheminingofcustomerdemandinformation,optimizedandintegratedsendlink.Deliveryoftheentireprocessisasfollows:whentheclientneedstosenda,canthroughthephone,thewebsiteofCouriercompanyortotheendnode,sendarequest,afterreceivingmemberwillchargecustomersexpressaccordingtothesituation;Receiptattheendoftheclassmembertaketheexpressmaildeliverytotheendnode,willexpress,documentsandotherinformationwiththestaffoftheterminalbranchtransferprocessing,thuscompletesawarehousingoperations;Outletswarehousecontrolleraccordingtothelocaldistributioncenterattheendofthetransitflightswillexpressmailsenttothelocaldistributioncenters,itiscalledthesenderhomework;Expressmailarrivedatthedistributioncenter,sorting,allexpressdirectionasconditionsaftersortingtoarrangetransportationafterabriefstorage(dependingonthesituationonthemodeoftransportationtochoosetrains,cars,planes,etc.).Aftertheexpressarrivalattheregionalhubofthecity,accordingtoexpressthedestinationaddressagainpointstothedistributioncenter,andthen,throughthedistributionnetworktosendthegoodstotheterminaloutlets;译文快递物流网络优化研究HumbleM摘要快递业作为现代物流业的重要组成部分成为最近几年发展最快的行业之一递行业的迅速发展导致大量资本涌入快递市场而出现了很多大小不一的快递企业抢夺市场资源这些企业间的竞争也越来越激烈度的竞争造成了大量的资源浪费低了资源的利用率，增加了物流的成本。为解决这些问题需要整合快递行业资源，增加快递行业的集中度水平。而快递企业间的兼并重组是整合快递行业资源，增强快递行业竞争力行之有效的方式。在快递行业中快递物流网络被视为快递企业的命脉，其中末端服务网点（简称末端网点分拨中心、城市区域枢纽（简称区域枢纽）的数量及空间布局直接决定着快递企业的运营模式和运营质量此兼并重组下企业快递物流网络的优化整合对于快递企业兼并重组后的发展具有举足轻重的作用。关键词：兼并重组；网络优化整合；末端网点；分拨中心1引言物流网络理论是物流管理研宄不断发展的必然结果，是规范化、系统化、科学化研究现代物流的重要途径拓展了物流网络化运作研究的新思路物流网络资源优化提供了理论基础。DJBowersox(2007)提出了供应链物流整合理论，并基于物流位置、仓库位置、运输成本、库存成本等方面整合提出了整合的理论架构。MSRamie(2009)认为集成物流M络是一个闭环综合正向向物流网络，其中包括生产苏、混合分销收集、顾客、和处理中心等先用确定的混合整数线性规划模型进行物流网络整合后在不确定场景下运用混合整数线性规划进行建模，该模型可以避免因分离和连续导致的次优结果。MariaBoiled(2013)在提出了一种非线性泥合整数模型解决动态集成正向和反向分销网络设计双H标模型来最小化运输和时间费用；综合物流网络设施选址问题提高正向和逆向物流的效率，主要是三种类型的设施的确定：仓库（物流收集中心（逆向物流）和混合设施（正向和逆向物流）2快递物流网络2.1物流网络概述DonaldJ.Bowersox和DavidJockos在《物流管理：供应链过程的一体化》一书指出整个物流网络设计对物流效率有直接影响顾客提供服务的能力和成本主要受到物流设施数量、规模等实际因素的影响；网络布局设计至关重要的部分是确定每一种设施的数量、位置以及承担的工作等；在不断变化的竞争性环境中，产品的类型、顾客的需求量等都在时刻变化以不断完善基础设施网络以适应供求变化是十分重要的onaldH.Ballot(2010)认为网络结构问题的实质就是确定从供货点到客户的网络结构，包括设施种类、数量、位置以及每个设施之间的产品和客户量的确定；在他的《企业物流管理》一书中列出了物流网络整合时所需要的数据针对企业物流网络的评估提出了评估和审核的一般准则流网络具有以下特征:物流网络具有高效性的特征流网络的目标是以最低成本较短的时间内将物品完好的送达需求方，最大限度结合物流和信息流、资金流以实现库存，短时间，无间歇传送理想状态。物流网络的开放性。开放性是基础，物流结点之间都可以通过公用网络进行联结有结点直接或者间接相联系流网络的开放性可以使每个结点与其他结点快速地交换信息、处理业务。物流网络中信息具有先导性广泛使用机械化、自动化设备可以大幅度提高物流网络的信息化水平，但收集、管理、分析和挖掘这些设备在物流过程中产生的信息更加重要流网络中的信息贯穿于物流活动的始终，对物流网络整体运作具有引导和整合的作用。物流网络具有规模优势。模效益是物流网络追求的重要目标。在物流领域中，物流网络形成结点分散而管理集中的特点时，便会突显出来它的规模优势过物流结点的大规模联合作业可以充分提高整个物流网络的运作效率，大幅度降低整体的运行成本，物流网络对单个结点的依赖性也明显降低；即使有某个结点不能正常工作，其他结点可以很快弥补它的空缺，抵御风险能力明显增强。2.2快递物流网络的特点快递物流网络主要包括三部分，主干运输网络、配送网络、