2023年大学英语四级考试二模试题

最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验所有在线一对一课程：.com/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage:InCaliforniatheregulators,theutilitiesandthegovernorallwanttheFederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissiontocapspot(现货旳)marketprices.TheCaliforniansclaimitwillreininoutrageousprices.Federalregulatorshaverefused.Thebattleison.GovernorGrayDavissays,“I’mnothappywiththeFederalRegulatoryCommissionatall.They’relivinginanivorytower.IftheirbillsweregoinguplikethepeopleinSanDiego,theywouldknowthatthisisarealproblemintherealworld.”Aspartofderegulation,pricecapswereremovedtoallowforafreemarket.Timingiseverything;naturalgaspriceshadalreadyskyrocketed.DemandwashighfromCalifornia’sboomingeconomy.Nonewpowerplantshadbeenbuilthereintenyears,andpowerproducershadtherighttohikepricesalongwithdemand.Andhikethemtheydid.LorettaLynchofthePublicUtilitiesCommissionsays,“ThiscommissionandallofCaliforniawasbeatingdownthedooroffederalregulatorstosay‘helpusimposereasonablepricecapstohelptokeepourmarketstable.’”Federalregulatorsdidaskforlonger-termcontractsbetweenpowerproducersandtheutilitiestostabilizeprices.Thefederalcommission,unavailableforcommentonthisstory,releasedarecentstatementdefendingitspositionnottore-regulate.FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommissionDec.15,:“Thecommission’sintentionistoenablethemarketstocatchuptocurrentsupplyanddemandproblemsandnottoreintroducecommandandcontrolregulationthathashelpedtoproducethecurrentcrisis.”Someenergyexpertsbelievethat,withouttemporarypricecaps,thecrisiswillcontinue.SeverinBorensteinoftheU.C.EnergyInstitutesays,“SomefederalregulatorshaveablindcommitmenttomakingthemarketworkandIthinkpartoftheproblemistheyreallydon’tunderstandwhat’sgoingon.”GaryAckermanoftheWesternPowerTradingForumsays,“He’sdeadwrongaboutthat.Thefederalregulatorsunderstandfarbetterthananyindividualstatethat,thoughitmightbepainfulanditcertainlyispainfulinCalifornia,pricecapsdon’twork.Theyneverwork.”16.ThebattlebetweenCaliforniansandfederalregulatorsisabout________.A.controloverthepriceofpowerB.necessityofremovingpricecapsC.hikingtheenergypricesinCaliforniaD.aregulationconcerningpowersupply17.GovernorGrayDaviswasdissatisfiedwiththeFederalRegulatoryCommissionbecause________.A.theydidnotknowwhattherealproblemwasB.theywerelivinganeasylifeinanivorytowerC.theycouldnotexperiencethelifeinSanDiegoD.theyturnedablindeyetothesituationinCalifornia18.TheFederalCommissionuncappedtheenergypricewiththeintentionto________.A.helpCalifornia’seconomyboomingsteadilyB.preventpowerpricefromgoingupanyfurtherC.enablethemarkettodealwithsupplyanddemandproblemsD.havecontractssignedbetweenpowerproducersandtheutilities19.Tohelpkeeppricesfromgoinghigher,peopleandgroupsinCalifornia________.A.imposedreasonablepricecapsB.beatdownthedooroffederalregulatorsC.urgedthefederalauthoritiestotakeactionD.struggledagainstfederalpolicytohikeprices20.Energyexpertsagainstpricecapsbelievethat________.A.thepresentsituationinCaliforniawillcontinueunlessthereispricecontrolB.thecurrentcrisisispartlyattributedtopreviouscommandandcontrolpolicyC.pricecapscantemporarilysolveenergyproblemsanindividualstatemeetswithD.theydounderstandwhatisgoingoninCaliforniaandwilltakepropermeasuresPassageThreePassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:InWesterncountriespeoplehavebeenusingtheinstallmentplansincethefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.Today,alargenumberoffamiliesinGreatBritainbuyfurniture,householdgoodsandcarsbyinstallments.IntheU.S.,thefigureismuchhigherthaninGreatBritain,andpeopletherespendover10percentoftheirincomeontheinstallmentplan.Thepriceofanarticleboughtoninstallmentsisalwayshigherthanthepricethatwouldbepaidbycash.Thereisachargeforinterest.Thebuyerpaysonequarteroronethirdofthepriceasadownpaymentwhenthegoodsaredeliveredtohim.Hethenmakesregularpayments,weeklyormonthly,untilthefullpriceispaidup.Thelegalownershipofthegoodsremainswiththeselleruntilthefinalpaymenthasbeenmade.Installmentbuyinghasadvantagesanddisadvantages.Itcanhelpcoupleswithsmallincomestofurnishtheirhomesandstarthousekeeping.Itincreasesthedemandforgoods,andinthiswayhelpsbusinessandemployment.Thereis,however,thedangerthatwhenbusinessisbad,installmentbuyingmayendsuddenly,makingbusinessmuchworse.Thismayresultinagreatincreaseinunemployment.Ifthepeopleontheinstallmentplanlosetheirjobs,theywillprobablynotbeabletomaketheirpayments.Ifgreatnumbersofpeoplearenotabletopaytheirinstallmentdebtsthereisapossibilitythatbusinessmencannotcollecttheirdebtsandwillthereforelosemoney.Ifbusinessmenlosemoneyorfailtomakeasatisfactoryprofit,itbecomesmorelikelytohaveadepression.Thisiswhy,insomecountries,thegovernmentcontrolstheinstallmentplanbyfixingtheamountofthedownpaymentandinstallmentstodiscouragepeoplefrombuyingmorethantheycanpayforontheinstallmentplan.31.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheinstallmentplan?A.AlotofBritishfamiliesusetheinstallmentplan.B.Morethan10percentAmericanfamiliesbuythingsoninstallments.C.AmericansdependmoreoninstallmentthanBritishpeopledo.D.Americansspendonetenthoftheirincomeoninstallmentbuying.32.Goodsboughtoninstallmentsaremoreexpensivethangoodsboughtbycashbecause________.A.thebuyerhastopayextramoneyasinterestB.thedeliveryofthegoodschargesextramoneyC.thebuyerhastopayadownpaymentD.theserviceofferedbyinstallmentplanchargedextramoney33.Whatwillhappentoabuyerifhefailstomakethefullpaymentforanitemboughtoninstallments?A.Hemightlosehisjob.B.Hewillstopowningtheitemhehasbought.C.Hewillhavetosellwhathehasbought.D.Hewillgointodebt.34.TheadvantageofinstallmentbuyingmightincludeallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A.purchasingpowerisstrengthenedB.employmentmightbeincreasedC.peopledevelopagoodhabitofsavingmoneyD.youngcouplesareabletofurnishtheirhomes35.Insomecountries,thegovernmentscontroltheinstallmentplanto________.A.increaseemploymentB.avoiddepressionsC.ensurethatbusinessesmakegoodprofitsD.ensurethatpeoplecanpayforwhatheybuyPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:It’sverynecessaryforCanadatosetupeffectivetransportationsystembecauseofitsenormoussizewithitssparselypopulateddistribution.Itisalsoverydifficulttomaketransportationconstructiononthesurfaceofthecountryduetoitsharshlongwinteranditsmountainousterrain.It’sreallyamazingforthiscountrytosetupatranscontinentalrailroadsincelastcentury.Until1990,theroutelengthwasmorethan86,880kilometers.Mostofthecountry’sfreightaretransportedbyCanadianNationalRailwayandCanadianPacificRailway.Butnowadaysfewerandfewerpeopletravelbytrain.Watertransportationwasveryimportantbeforerailwayconstruction.Althoughpassengertravelbywaterislessimportantthanbefore,waterwaysremainimportantforcargotransporting.Waterwaysincludelakes,riversandseacoastlines.OneofthemostsignificantwatertransportationsystemisSt.LawrenceseawayfromtheAtlanticOceantothewestofLakeSuperior.Becauseoftheincreasingnumberofautomobiles,Canada’sroadtransportationdevelopsveryquickly.In1991,roadlengthhasbeenmorethan849,400kilometers.Roadsystemisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant.TruckscarrynearlyhalfofthetotalfreighttransportedinCanada.Earlyin1962,CanadahadTrans-CanadaHighwaywiththelengthofmorethan7.7kilometers,extendingfromSt.Johns,NewBrunswicktoVictoria,BritishColumbia.Withthedevelopmentoftransportation,airplanesbecameanothernecessaryvehiclessinceaeroplanescouldbetheonlyaccesstosomeareasofthefarnorthernregion.Canadiantransportationsystemdevelopsveryquicklywiththeincreasinglyadvancedscienceandtechnology.Theaimofthetransportationistousesubstitutefuelsandtoproducemoreefficienttransportationfacilities.36.Despiteits_________,Canadanowboastsatranscontinentalrailroad.A.sparselypopulatedareasB.abun