2023学年完整版Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步练习5

Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars同步练习A级:基础巩固Ⅰ.语境填词havethis(theoretical)thatmostpeoplepreferbeingatworktobeingathome.答案:theoryisgenerallyacceptedthatsmokingis(harm)toourhealth.答案:harmful3.(fundament),therearetwodifferentapproachestotheproblem.答案:Fundamentallyheldthebaby(gentle).答案:gentlyproblemshave(multiply)sincelastyear.答案:multipliedisavery(religion)personwhogoestochurcheverySunday.答案:religiouskindofplantshasbeenin(exist)formillionsofyears.答案:existence’vebeen(puzzle)overallthefigures,tryingtofindwhathappenedtothemissingmoney.答案:puzzlingliveina(globe)village,butthisdoesn’tmeanthatweallbehaveinthesameway.答案:globalnightwehadadiscussion,whichbecamemoreandmore.Finallywereachedanagreementthatwewillneverusewhateverhappens.(violent)答案:violent;violenceⅡ.单句改错’llsucceedontimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.答案:on→inyouknowwhentheMarriageLawcameintoanexistence?答案:去掉anourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependourselves.答案:depend后加onrecognizedthepossibilityandtookstepstopreventithappened.答案:happened→happeningpeoplewouldliketocheeruptheirfavoriteplayers.答案:up→onB级:能力提升Ⅲ.阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。ATheFourBasicPersonalityTypesPersonalitytypesarelinkedwithstructuraldifferencesinthebrain,whichcouldexplainwhyonechildgrowsuptobeimpulsive(冲动的)andoutgoingwhileanotherbecomesdiligentandintrospective(反省的).Structuraldifferencesbetweenthebrainsof85peoplehavebeenmeasuredandlinkedwiththefourmaincategoriesofpersonalitytypes,whichwereclassifiedas“noveltyseeking”,characterizedbyimpulsiveactions;“harmavoidance”,markedbypessimismandshyness;“rewarddependence”,withanaddictivepersonality;and“persistence”,whoarepeopletendingtobediligent,hard-workingandperfectionists.Theresearcherssaidthebraindifferencesarestructuralandcanbemeasuredinthesizeofspecificregionsofthebrainthatappeartobelinkedwitheachofthefourpersonalityinstance,peopledefinedasnovelty-seekingpersonalitieshadastructurallybiggerareainthebrainwhilepeoplewithharm-avoidancepersonalitieshadsignificantlysmallervolumesoftissueinbrainregions.Thefactthatcharacteristicsarereflectedinspecificstructuraldifferencesisusefultoknow,forinstance,whenitcomestounderstandingachild’sbehaviorandchoosingtherightapproachsothatsomebodywhois,forexample,particularlytimid,mightbehelpedthrougheducationanddevelopment.Thereisnopointshoutingatachildwhoisveryshyandtellingthemoff,becauseitdoesnotcomenaturallytothemtoputthemselvesactuallyknowingthereisabiologicalbasisforthishelpseducatorsorparentstousetherightapproachtohelpachildtocompensate.Peoplewhohaveareward-dependencepersonalitycould,forexample,behelpedatanearlyagebecausetheyareatriskofturningtodrink,drugsorfoodiftheydonotgetthefamilysupportandencouragementtheyneed.“Thisstudyshowsthatpersonalitycharacteristicsaresomethingyouarebornwith,buttheirfullexpressioncanbeadjustedduringdevelopmentwiththerightapproach,”saidProfessorVenneri,whocarriedoutthestudywithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofParmainItalyandWashingtonUniversityinStLouis.Ifyouknowit’snotsomethingyoudobutsomethingyouare,youcanchangetheenvironmenttoreducethethatsomeonehassuchacharactercouldhelpthemadoptpreventivestrategiesandavoidsituationswheretheymightseekrewardswhichcouldbepotentiallyharmful.typeofpersonmayturnouttobedrug-abusers?A.“Noveltyseeking”.B.“Rewarddependence”.C.“Harmavoidance”.D.“Persistence”.解析:细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“Peoplewhohaveareward-dependencepersonalitycould...”可知B项为正确答案,其余三项不符合文章事实,故排除。答案:BofthefollowingisTRUEaboutshypeople?areoftenshoutedatandscolded.cannaturallyputthemselvesforward.structurallyhaveasmallerbrainregion.aretootimidtobeeducatedandhelped.解析:细节理解题。由第三段最后一句中的“...peoplewithharm-avoidancepersonalitieshadsignificantlysmallervolumesoftissueinbrainregions.”可知harm-avoidancepersonalities型人脑容量小。又根据第二段中的“...‘harmavoidance’,markedbypessimismandshyness...”可知C项是正确的。A、B两项不符合事实,故排除。由倒数第四段中的“...helpseducatorsorparentstousetherightapproachtohelpachildtocompensate.”可知,此种性格的人也是可以教育和弥补的,因此D项是错误的。答案:C’sthemainideaofthepassage?havechancestochangetheirpersonalitytypes.haveidentifiedfourdifferentpersonalitytypes.differencesinthebrainhaveeffectsoneducation.typesarerelatedtostructuraldifferencesinthebrain.解析:主旨大意题。A和C项均属于无中生有,文章中没有这样说过。B项叙述太片面,非文章主题。本文讨论的主题是人的性格类型的生理原因,用了大量的篇幅和例子来分析这个问题,因此D项是文章的主旨。答案:Dauthorwritesthepassageto.afactaclaimaresearchanapproach解析:推理判断题。本文通篇都只是在用客观的语气来介绍一种研究结果,给读者呈现出一种新的认知事实,因此选A项符合作者的意图。文章里没有有意与谁争论什么,故排除B项。也没有用大量例子来证明自己的研究如何正确,故排除C项。更没有主观地介绍一种方法来指导读者,故排除D项。答案:ABHomestayprovidesEnglishlanguagestudentswiththeopportunitytospeakEnglishoutsidetheclassroomandtheexperienceofbeingpartofaBritishhome.WhattoExpectThehostwillprovideaccommodationandwillbecleanedandbedcoverschangedatleastonceawillbegiventhehousekeyandthehostistheretoofferhelpandadviceaswellastotakeaninterestinyourphysicalandmentalhealth.AccommodationZonesHomestayislocatedinLondonmainlyinZones2,3and4ofthetransporthostsdonotliveinthetowncenterasmuchofcentralLondoniscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).Zones3and4oftenofferlargeraccommodationinalesscrowdedisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyUnderground.MealPlansAvailable

ContinentalBreakfast

BreakfastandDinner

Breakfast,PackedLunchandDinnerIt’simportanttonotethatfewEnglishfamiliesstillprovideatraditionalcookedaccommodationincludesContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,cereal(谷物类食品),breadandteaor,fruitandcoldmeatarenotnormallypartofaContinentalBreakfastinusuallyconsistofmeatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydessert,fruitandcoffee.FriendsIfyouwishtoinviteafriendovertovisit,youmustfirstaskyourhost’shavenorighttoentertainfriendsinafamilyhomeassomefamiliesfeelitisaninvasionoftheirprivacy.Self-CateringAccommodationinPrivateHomesAccommodationonaroom-onlybasisincludessharedkitchenandbathroomfacilitiesandoftenamainlivingkindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyleandismoresuitableforthelong-stay,itdoesnotprovidethesamefamilyatmosphereasanordinaryhomestayandmaynotbenefitthosewhoneedtopracticeEnglishathomequiteasmuch.passageisprobablywrittenfor.willingtoreceiveforeignstudentshopingtobuildBritishcultureplanningtovisitfamiliesinLondonlearnersapplyingtoliveinEnglishhomes解析:推理判断题。由第一句中的“Englishlanguagestudents”提示,加上后面的内容可知,这是一则面向想学英语的学生的招生广告,因此选D项。其余三项都是主观臆断,没有事实依据,故排除。答案:Dofthefollowingwillthehostprovide?cleaning. care.transport. training.解析:细节理解题。由第二段中的“Roomswillbecleaned”可知A项正确。其余选项都没有事实依据,故排除。答案:AcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?4ismorecrowdedthanZone2.businesscenterofLondonisinZhecitycenterisnotprovided.解析:推理判断题。根据第三段前两句话“Homestayislocatedin...iscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).”可推断出伦敦的2、3、4区相对于1区来说是居住区,反推1区应是文中所指的伦敦中心的商业区。答案:Btothepassage,whatdoesContinentalBreakfastinclude?andcoffee.andvegetables.andfruitjuice.andcoldmeat.解析:细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“ContinentalBrea