2020年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案

文档来源为:从网络收集整理.word版本可编辑.2016年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案第一套PARTIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathatthereare“male”and“female”brains,believingthatexplainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthesexes.Anewstudy26thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers27forsexdifferencesthroughouttheentirehumanbrainAndwhatdidtheyfind?Notmuch.Ratherthanofferevidencefor28brainsas“male”or“female”,researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender-based29,manydifferenttypesofbraincan'talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.Whilethe“average”maleand“average”femalebrainswere30different,youcouldn'ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall31ofpeoplehad“all-male”or“all-female”characteristics.LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist（神经科学家），saidthestudyisanimportantadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning32beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,33ofgender.“There'samountainofevidence34theimportanceofsexinfluencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,”hetoldTheSeattleTimes.Ifanything,hesaid,thestudy35thatgenderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain—“evenwhenwearenotclearexactlyhow.”Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.It'sourguiltypleasure:WatchingTVisthemostcommoneverydayactivity,afterworkandsleep,inmanypartsoftheworld.AmericansviewfivehoursofTVeachday,andwhileweknowthatspendingsomuchtimesitting（36）canleadtoobesity（肥胖症）andotherdiseases,researchershavenowquantifiedjusthow（37）beingacouchpotatocanbe.Inananalysisofdatafromeightlarge（38）publishedstudies,aHarvard-ledgroupreportedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationthatforeverytwohoursperdayspentchannel（39）,theriskofdevelopingType2diabetes（糖尿病）rose20%over8.5years,theriskofheartdiseaseincreased15%overa（40）,andtheoddsofdyingprematurely（41）13%duringaseven-yearfollow-up.Allofthese（42）arelinkedtoalackofphysicalexercise.Butcomparedwithothersedentary（久坐的）activities,likeknitting,viewingTVmaybeespecially（43）atpromotingunhealthyhabits.Forone,thesheernumberofhourswepasswatchingTVdwarfsthetimewespendonanythingelse.Andotherstudieshavefoundthatwatchingadsforbeerandpopcornmaymakeyoumorelikelyto(44)them.Evenso,theauthorsadmitthattheydidn'tcomparedifferentsedentaryactivitiesto(45)whetherTVwatchingwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseorearlydeathcomparedwith,say,reading.A)climbedB)consumeC)decadeD)determineE)effectiveF)harmfulG)outcomesH)passivelyI)previouslyJ)resumeK)sufferedL)surfingM)termN)terminalsO)twisting参考答案解析：passively解析：sittingpassively被动坐着从词性判断，36题应该选一个副词来修饰sitting这个动名词，而备选项中只有两个副词，一个是passively被动地，一个是previously之前，再根据语义逻辑，坐着那看电视的行为应该是一种被动行为，而不存在前后之分。harmful解析：quantifiedjusthowharmfulbeingacouchpotato量化长时间看电视的严重危害通过分析how()beingacouchpotatocanbe这句话的句子成分，得出how这个副词之后应该接一个形容词，符合词性条件的备选项，一个是effective有效的，一个是harmful有害的。根据语义逻辑，长时间看电视是有害的，故选harmful。previously解析：previouslypublishedstudies之前公布的研究38题空格处应该填一个副词来修饰published这个词，参考36题的解析，备选项中现在只剩下一个副词就是previously，刚好填入此处。surfing解析：spentchannelsurfing，直接翻译为在频道冲浪，意译为看电视。这里的channel频道指代television电视；而“surfing冲浪”指代“watching看”，我们经常看到上网常用surfing一词，这里运用了仿词，将“上网冲浪”的surfing借过来用来指“看电视“。以上可以理解为英语中的委婉表达。decade解析：increased15%overadecade10年增加了15%。40题后面出现了一个词并列连词and,说明本句存在并列关系。通读此句，40题在over之后应该填一个表示时间的名词，这样才能和前文over与后文duringaseven-yearfollowup形成并列，备选项中只有decade符合条件。climbed解析:theodds...climbed13%几率增加了13%。解析同40题，根据and所指向的并列关系，前文说某一种风险增加了20%，某一种风险的增加了15%，此处空格也应该填一个表示上升的动词，备选项只有climbed，爬升。outcomes解析：alloftheseoutcomes所有这些后果。此题填outcomes，是对前文各种疾病风险的概括。effective解析：beespeciallyeffectiveatpromotingunhealthyhabits更容易形成不健康的习惯。beeffectiveatdoing有效做某事。这里是讽刺用法，用来强调看电视更容易形成不健康的习惯。consume解析：makeyoumorelikelytoconsumethem使你更有可能吃他们，这里注意them指前文出现的beer啤酒和popcorn爆米花，又能表示喝啤酒，又能表示吃爆米花的词只有consume。consume消费，也只吃喝（东西）。determine解析：通过句法分析，本句应该填写动词原形，放在to不定式符号之后。备选项中有3个动词原形，其中consume已经填在了44题，在剩下的resume恢复和determine决定之间，根据语义，应选择determine。Readingisthoughttobeakindofconversationbetweenthereaderandthetext.Thereaderputsquestions,asitwere,tothetextandgetsanswers.Inthelightoftheseheputs__1__questions,andsoon.Formostofthetimethis“conversation”goesonbelowthelevelofconsciousness.Attimes,however,webecome__2__ofit.Thisisusuallywhenwearerunningintodifficulties,whenmismatchisoccurringbetween__3__andmeaning.Whensuccessfulmatchingisbeingexperienced,ourquestionofthetextcontinuesattheunconsciouslevel.Differentpeople__4__withthetextdifferently.Somestayveryclosetothewordsonthepage,otherstakeoffimaginativelyfromthewords,interpreting,criticizing,analyzingandexamining.Theformerrepresentsakindofcomprehensionwhichis__5__inthetext.Thelatterrepresents__6__levelsofcomprehension.Thebalancebetweentheseisimportant,especiallyforadvancedreaders.Thereisanotherconversationwhichfromourpointofviewis__7__important,andthatistodonotwithwhatisreadbutwithhowitisread.Wecallthisa“process”conversationas__8__toa“content”conversation.Itisconcernednotwithmeaningbutwiththe__9__weemployinreading.Ifweareanadvancedreaderourabilitytoholdaprocessconversationwithatextisusuallyprettywell__10__.Notsoourabilitytoholdacontentconversation.[A]opposed[B]converse[C]equallyD]written[E]developed[F]strategies[G]compared[H]awake[I]higher[J]expectations[K]deal[L]absolutely[M]aware[N]better[O]further参考答案：1.O2.M3.J4.B5.D6.I7.C8.A9.F10.EDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops（啤酒花）,forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area26recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda27ingredientinresidue（残留物）from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.Whileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthece