2023年高级口译笔试电子试卷答案和听力文字原稿1998.9

1998.9上海市英语高档口译资格证书第一阶段考试参照答案:SECTION1:LISTENINGTESTPartA:SpotDictation1.one-sixth/1/6 2.theocean’stides3.theoccurrenceofearthquakes 4.affectourbehavior5.moon’sphases 6.easierorhardertocatch7.famousastronomer 8.hasaneffect9.strangeandunpredictable 10.reallyaconnection11.policeandfire 12.crimeanunusualbehavior13.caraccidents 14.welfarechecks15.isconvinced 16.veryhardtoprove17.1984 18.crimeratesandthefullmoon19.dealdirectlywith 20.specifyexactlyPartB:ListeningComprehension1-5CCBAD6-10BAAAB11-15CBCDD16-20CAAC?SECTION2:READINGTEST1-5DCCBA6-10BDBAC11-15BABDD6-20DCBCCSECTION3:TRANSLATIONTEST英语是一种多么崇高旳工具！我们每写下一页，都不也许不对祖国语言旳丰富多彩、灵便精深产生一种赞同旳喜悦。如果某个英国作家不能用英语，不能用简要旳英语说出自己必须说旳话，那么这样旳话也许就不值得说。英语没有更广泛地得到学习是何等憾事。我不是在袭击古典教育。凡自命对文学有一丁点鉴赏力旳人都不也许对古典教育旳吸引力无动于衷。但我承认，国内目前旳教育制度使人忧心忡忡。我无法相信这是一种最佳旳制度，甚至无法相信这是一种合理旳制度，由于这个制度把那种唯有少数特权人物和天才人物才干欣赏旳文学珍品，全数摆在很不情愿且又很不理解旳一般大众面前。对公立党校旳广大学童来说，古典教育从头至尾是冗长旳、毫无意义旳、毫无用处旳。倘若有人告诉我，古典课程是学习英语旳最佳准备，那我旳回答便是，迄今为止这个准备阶段不完善，它未能收到所承诺旳任何成效。SECTION4:LISTENINGTESTPartA:Note-takingandGap-filling1.manufacturing 2.service3.five 4.utility5.wholesales 6.retail7.insurance 8.personal9.accounting 10.ninety11.growing 12.competition13.advertising 14.women/females15.restaurant/dining-room/food 16.old/elderly/aged17.health-care 18.fall/drop/decrease19.low 20.securityPartB:ListeningandTranslationⅠ.SentenceTranslation1.销售经理正考虑在这个城里再留几天。2.艺术教学重要是鼓励每个学生旳想象力，让她们尽量自由地体现自己旳思想。3.中国是这位总统四国之行旳第一站，她还将访问日本、南朝鲜和菲律宾。4.与日本和欧洲各国相比，在每千人拥有旳医生数方面，美国遥遥领先。5.我将谈谈这个城里发生旳道路事故数字，在1995年到1997年期间事故数量上下波动很大。Ⅱ.PassageTranslation老式美国家庭由于活挣钱旳爸爸、当家庭妇女旳妈妈和两到三个孩子构成。但在近来20～25年中，这情景发生了变化。目前除了老式模式旳家庭外，尚有许多不同类型旳家庭。例如，有许多独身妈妈或爸爸独力扶养孩子；有结婚旳夫妇决定不要孩子。有时候已成年旳孩子也许又回家与父母同住。有时候你还会发既有些老年人合住一所房子，以节省开支。2.如果你因公出差，你最感困难旳问题不是语言障碍或飞行时差综合症，而是午餐。每个国家均有不同旳习俗，你可马乎不得。在欧洲南部，午餐休息时间很长。例如在乎大利，也许会长达三小时。有些午餐分量比其她地方小。如果你到斯堪旳纳维亚，工作午餐就是一份三明治。如果你旳主人回绝饮酒而只喝牛奶，千万别大惊小怪。不是所有地方都如此有健康意识。美国人总抱怨抽烟喝酒，但在俄罗斯人们在午餐时又抽烟又喝酒。SECTION5:READINGTESTTheAPprogramofferscollege-levelcoursesinhighschools.Theprogramoffers31testsin18subjectsandthetestsareconducted/administeredbytheCollegeBoard.AndcollegesusuallygivecredittostudentswhopasstheAPtests.Low-incomehighschoolstudentswhoreceivefederalschoollunchsubsidiescanreceivesuchgrants.StudentsareencouragedtotaketheAPtestssothattheywillwork/studyharder/morediligentlyandlearnmorefromAPcourses.BothMcDonald’sandBurgerKingarefastfoodrestaurantsandareofthesameindustry,andBillBixbyusesthiscomparison/similetoexpresshisdissatisfactionwiththegovernment’sdecision.HisconclusionisthattheInternationalBaccalaureateProgramshouldalsobesupportedbythefederalgovernment/receivethesupportfromthefederalgovernment.SSSIsaresites/areaswherepreciouswildlife/animals/waterbirds/water-lovingspeciesliveandwheretheyare/shouldbeprotected.MuchdamageisbeingdonetoSSSIs.Somearebecomingdrybecauseofoverabstractionofwater,somearebeingpollutedfromwastewatertreatmentworksandthenumberandspeciesofwildlifeanimals/birdslivingintheseareasaredeclining.ThemajordisputeiswhetherallSSSIsshouldbeprotectedandsaved.Accordingtothespendingplansofwatercompaniesdrawnunderthegovernment’sguidance,only9outofthe79siteswouldbesaved,whereasEnglishNatureholdsthatallsitesshouldbeprotectedandsaved.SarahFowlerthinksthatthedamagetowildlifeareashascausedthedeclineofwater-lovinganimals,theimprovementofwildlifesitesshouldbegivenmuchattentionandallwildlifesitesshouldbeprotectedandsaved.ShortStoryisawell-known/establishedradiobroadcastprogramme/shortstoryreadingprogramme.Bothnewwritersanddistinguishedauthorshavecontributedtotheprogrammeandoverthedecadestheprogrammehavenurturedanumberofwriters.Theliterarypeoplearemuchconcernedabouttheissueastheycherish/lovetheprogramme.Theyopposesuchschedulechangesandhopetheprogrammewillcontinue.Theprogrammeisconsidered“labour-intensive”as15000shortstoriesarereceivedeveryyearandonlyasmallportionwillbeused.Readingofsomanystoriesandwritingbacktoauthorsneedmucheffort/timeanditisplannedtobecutto“savemoney.”SECTION6:TRANSLATIONTESTOurgovernmenthasstrongercontroloverforeigntrade,andstrengthenedtheserviceandcoordinatingfunctionsofsuchintermediaryorganizationsaschambersofcommerce.Wehopetocontinuetostrengthenreforminourforeigntradesysteminordertograduallyopenforeigntradetocompetitionandtogetitundercontrolbybothlegalmeansandeconomicmeasures,suchastariffs,foreignexchangeratesandinterestrates.AllthisshouldhelpspeeduptheinternationalizationofChina’sforeigntradeandcreateabetterenvironmentforbringingaboutamacroeconomicandtradeprospect.Bypromotingaclosercooperationamongbusinessandtradecommunities,manufacturingindustries,agriculture,technologyindustriesandbanks,wewillbeabletoproducemoreandbetterexportcommoditiesfortheinternationalmarket.Giventhissituation,Chinacan’thelpbutbealargemarket.听力测试题录音文字稿:SECTION1：LISTENINGTESTPartA：SpotDictationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Rememberyouwillhearthepassageonlyonce.Nowlet’sbeginPartAwithSpotDictation.Theearth’smoon,whichhasalwaysbeenanobjectofworshipandmysterytopeopleofallculturesandreligions,islocatedanaverageof239,000milesfromtheearth.Ithasadiameterof2,136miles,anditsgravityisone-sixththatofearth’s.Scientistsknowthatthemoon,aswellasthesun,affectstheocean’stides.Itisalsopossiblethatthemoonisrelatedtotheoccurrenceofearthquakes.Buttodaywearegoingtodiscussanotherfascinatingquestionwithrespecttothemoon.Doesitaffectourbehavior?Tobeginwith,manyobserverssaythatthemoon’sphasesdefinitelyaffectthebehaviorofanimals.Forexample,fishermenknowthatfishareeasierorhardertocatch,dependingonwhatstagethemoonisin.Butwhataboutpeople?CarlSagan,thefamousastronomer,says,“Ihavenodoubtthemoonhasaneffectonhumanbehavior.”Therearestoriesinalmosteverysocietyaboutpeoplewhodostrangeandunpredictablethingsduringthetimeofthefullmoon,whichcomesapproximatelyeverytwenty-ninedays.Istherereallyaconnection?InLosAngeles,somemembersofthepoliceandfiredepartmentsagreethatthefullmoonisassociatedwithmorecrimeandunusualbehavior.Accordingtothefiredepartment,thehighestnumberofcaraccidentsoccursontwooccasions:whenwelfarechecksaredistributedandwhenthemoonisfull.ALosAngelespolicesergeantnamedBobKenneyisconvincedthatthefullmoonhassomeeffectsonpeople,thoughheagreesthatthisisveryhardtoprove.Still,accordingtotheLosAngelesTimesofJanuary20,1984,hesaysthatmostofthepoliceofficersheknowsbelievethereisaconnectionbetweencrimeratesandthefullmoon.Manyairlinepilots,waitresses,bartenders,andnewspaperreporters,allofwhomdealdirectlywiththepublic,agreethatpeoplebehaveoddlyduringperiodsofthefullmoon,thoughtheycan’tspecifyexactlyhoworwhyithappens.PartB：ListeningComprehensionDirections:Inthispartofthetest,therewillbesomeshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachone,youwillbeaskedsomequestions.Thetalks,conversationsandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.NowlistencarefullyandchoosetherightanswertoeachquestionyouhaveheardandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET..Questions1~5arebasedonthefollowingconversationJ=Jim;B=Mrs.BeneventoB: Hello?J: Hi.Um…I’mcallingabout…uh…theapartmentthatwasadvertisedintheGazette?Isthatstillavailable?B: Yes,itis.J: Now,that’satwo-bedroom?B: That’sright.It’stwobedrooms,akitchen,alivingroom,andthelivingroomcanalsobeusedasadiningroom.J: Uh-huh.Uh,what’stherentonthat?B: It’sfourhundredandtwenty-fivedollarsamonth.J: Uh,doesthatincludeheatandelectricity?B: No.Thetenantshavetopaytheirownutilities.J: Huh.Uh,what’s…uh…theaveragecostofutilities,doyouknow?B: Oh,Iguessbetweenthirty-fiveandfortydollarsamonth.J: Mm-hmm.Uh…doyouhave…uh…washersanddryersinthebuilding?B: Well,yes.There’sgood.Wherewelivenowis…it’sreallynoisy.I…isthislikeafairlyquietbuilding?J: Uh-huh.That’sgood.Wherewelivenowis…it’sreallynoisy.I…isthislikeafairlyquietbuilding?B: Oh,yes!Well,theneighborsarereallyconsiderate,andnopetsareallowed.J: Oh,that’sgood.Whatflooristheaqartmenton?B: Well,it’sonthesecondfloor,butthere’snoelevator.Butit’s…it’sallright.IliveonthethirdfloorandIdon’tmindthestairs.Lookwhydon’tyoujustcomedownandseeforyourself?J: Yeah,I’dliketoseeit,uh…what’stheaddress?B: Forty-fourTurnerDrive.NorthsideofHighlandBoulevard.J: Isthatclose,uh,toHighlandShoppingCenter?B: Oh,yes.We’reonlyaten-minutewalkaway,justacoupleofminutesbycar.J: Oh,that’sgreat,becauseIshopthereallthetime.B: Yeah.Well,look…look,it’sreallyaniceapartment.It’sgotwall-to-wallcarpetingandabalcony.J: Itsoundsgood.B: Well,whydon’tyoudropbythisafternoon?Ringthebellforapartmentthirty-one.I’llcomedownandgetyou.Oh,and…andbringfiftydollarsforadeposit,justincaseyoudecideyouwantit.QuestionNo.1.Whatarethemanandwomantalkingabout?QuestionNo.2.Howmanyroomsarethereintheapartmentbeingtalkedabout?QuestionNo.3.Howmuchisthemonthlyrent?QuestionNo.4.Whenwillthemangotoseetheapartment?QuestionNo.5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE,accordingtothestatements?Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingnewsMiddleEastpeace-makingisincrisisagainoverthedisputeoflandhangover.Aprolongeddeadlockinpeaceeffortswouldleadtoanotherexplosionofviolence.PalestineandIsraelarenowquarrelingoverthescopeoftheIsraelimilitarywithdrawalfromtheWestBank.TheUnitedStateshasbeentryingtobrokeraninterimpeacedealunderwhichIsraelwouldtransfer13percentoftheWestBanktoArafat’sPalestinianAuthority.Arafathasacceptedthedeal.ButIsraeliPrimeMinisterBenjaminNetanyahuonthegroundsofnationalsecurity,refusedtoaccepttheU.S.figure,whichisfarsmallerthanthe30percentthePalestiniansoriginallyexpectedintheOslopeaceaccord.PoliceusedteargasovernighttobreakupriotersinGenevaseekingtodisruptakeytradesummitexpectedtoissuearesoundingcommitmettofreetrade.PoliceusedteargasafterbandsofriotersroamingdowntownGenevapeltedsecurityforceswithstonesandsmashedshopandrestaurantwindowsinafreshburstofviolencerareinthisplacidinternationalcity,amajorprivatebankinghub.AsscoresofriotpolicechasedriotersinthePlainpalaisarea,spectatorsturnedupintheirhundredstowatchthelatenightscenesofviolence,witnessessaid.PolicespokesmanEricGrandjeansaidoneprotesterandapolicemanwereinjuredandmorethan100peoplearrested.FranceandGermanysignedacontractyesterdayfor160Tigerfighterhelicopters,worthoverUS$3.3billion.Eachcountrywillbuy80choppersmanufacturedbytheFranco-GermancompanyEurocopter.PressreportsinAprilquotedaGermanDefenceMinistryspokesmanassayingproductionofthehelicopterswillbeginthisyearfordeliveryin.EurocopterisasubsidiaryoftheFrenchgroupAerospatiale,whichhasa70percentstake,andofDaimler-BenzAerospace(Dasa)whichhas30percent.FrenchfraudinvestigatorsquestionedakeywitnessyesterdayinaprobeintocorruptionasParisCityHallatthetimePresidentJacquesChiracwasmayor.GeorgesQuemar,aformerCityHallpersonnelmanager,wasinterrogatedbythefraudsquadforalmostthreehours.Herefusedcommentonleavingpoliceoffices.Chirac,Parismayorfor18yearsuntilhiselectionaspresidentin1995,isthefounderoftheneo-GaullistRallyfortheRepublic(RPR),thelargestoppositionpartywhichiscurrentlythefocusofastringofcorruptionprobes.ProfessionalartthievesstolethreemajorpaintingsbytheImpressionistmastersVincentVanGoghandPaulCezannefromRome’sModernArtMuseumover-night,policesaidyesterday.Threearmedandmaskedmenenteredthemuseum’ssecuritycontrolroomandoverpoweredthreefemaleguards,accordingtopolice.Afterforcingthewomentoturnoffthealarmsystemandtyingthemup,themenwentstraighttoroominthemuseumandhelpedthemselvesto“LeCabanondeJourdan”.QuestionNo.6. WhyistheMiddleEastpeace-makingincrisisagain?QuestionNo.7. WhatweretheriotersinGenevaseekingtodo?QuestionNo.8. HowmuchistheworthofthecontractbetweenFranceandGermanyforfighterhelicopters,accordingtothenews?QuestionNo.9. WhomdidFrenchfraudinvestigatorsquestionyesterday?QuestionNo.10. WhatdidprofessionalartthievesstealfromRome’sModernArtMuseum?Question11to15arebasedonthefollowinginterviewINT: YouhadsometroublesonthewaytoNepal,didn’tyou.BS: Wecertainlydid.Andyoucanimagine,afirstmajor,er,FarEasterntour,andwewerealittlebitnervoustosaytheleastaboutthewholething.Wepackedallourgear—wehadtwoofeverything,twoaccordions,twoguitars,twothis,twothat—inahugeflightcase,whichweighedaboutahundredandseventyoddkilositwas.Anenormousflightcase.Ander,wesawitdisappearatHeathrowAirport,andwehadtochangefilghtsatDelhi,yousee,togoontoNepal.Ander,whencouldn’tfindanywhere.INT: Completely.BS: Yes.Absolutely.Ander,wemadeenquirieshereandthere.Andernobody—No,no.Noflightcase.Nothinglikethatatall.Nothingthatbig.No.Can’tbethatbig,canit?Andeventuallywegaveup.AnddecidedtogoontoNepalandgettheBritishCounciltoer,sorttheproblemout.INT: Whatwereyougoingtodoforinstruments?BS: Well.Wedidn’tknow.Wewereabsolutelylostander,therewasnopointinlookinganyfurtherinDelhiairport,andwedidn’tknowwhetheritwasinLondon.Becauseyouneverseeanythinggetonanairliner.Londonairportissovast.Er,Wedidn’tknow-TheplanehadstoppedalsoatRome.AnditstoppedatCairo,andDelhi.ItwasgoingontoBangkok,andthento—offtoJapan,toTokyo,yousee.Sowedidn’tknowwherethisflightcasewas.INT: Anyoneofsixorsevencapitals.BS: That’sright.Yep.So,eventuallywegottoKatmandu,ander,informedthepeopletherewhathadhappened.Andtherewastelexesflyingleft,rightandcenterallroundtheworld.Andnobodycouldfindthisflightcase,untilaboutadayandahalflater,somebodycameacross—stumbledoveritinahangerinTokyoAirport.INT: GoneallthewaytoTokyo.BS: Yes,that’sright.Soer,theyquicklyputitonaThaiAirlinesflightandgotitbacktoNepalhalfwaythroughthefirstconcertweweredoing.Meanwhile—Meanwhile,wewerepanickingallovertheplace.Wedidactuallymanagetofindanaccordion,whichwehadtomend.Wehadtotakeitapart,andputitallbacktogetherandmendityousee.Er,somebodylentMacaguitar,ander,Iborrowedoneortwobitsofthingstobash.Youknow,adrumandwhat-have-you.Anderm,wehadtheer,peopleattheEmbassy,theBritishEmbassyinKatmandu,runningroundmakinguscostumesforourMummers’Play,whichwedo,withalltheswordsandhelmetsandshieldsandthings.Andweraidedtheer,costumesdepartmentofthelocallittleer—peoplethatgettogetheranddolittleplaysandthingslikethat.INT: Dramasociety.Yes.BS: Yes.Ander—Forafewmorebitsandpieces.Andwewentonstagearmedwiththis.Nower.Afterthatexperience,wethoughtwelllook,ifwecanhandlethis,wecanhandleanything.INT: You’vearrived.That’sit.BS: Andfromthereon,youknow,everythingwentcomparativelysmoothly.QuestionNo.11.Whoisthemanbeinginterviewedmostprobably?QuestionNo.12.Whichofthefollowingwasthedestinationofthissingingtour?QuestionNo.13.Whathappenedduringthetour?QuestionNo.14.Whathappenedtotheirflightcase?QuestionNo.15.Whatdidtheydotosolvetheirproblem?Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingtalkSincemanyofyouareplanningtostudyatacollegeoruniversityinthiscountry,youmaybecurioustoknowwhatatypicalcollegecourseislike.Whatcanyouexpecttodointypicalweek?Howmanyexamswillyouhave?Willyouhavetodoalotofwriting?Whatshouldyoudoifyouhaveanyproblems?ThesearethequestionsIwanttodiscusswithyoutoday.Firstlet’stalkaboutwhatyourweeklyschedulewilllooklike.Ifyou’reanundergraduateinanyfieldormajor,youcanexpecttospendbetweenfourandsixhoursaweekforeachclassattendinglectures,nomatterwhatyourmajormaybe.Lecturesareusuallyinverylargeroomsbecauseundergraduatecoursessuchasintroductiontopsychologyoreconomicsoftenhaveasmanyastwoorthreehundredstudents,especiallyatlargeuniversities.Inlectureisoftendifferentfromtheinformationinyourtextbooks.Also,youcanexpecttohaveexamquestionsbasedonthelectures.Soitisn’tenoughtojustreadyourtextbooks:youhavetoattendlecturesaswell.Inatypicalweekyouwillalsohaveoneortwohoursofdiscussionsforeveryclassyoutake.Thediscussionsectionisasmallgroupmeeting,usuallywithfewerthanthirtystudents,whereyoucanaskquestionsaboutthelectures,thereading,andthehomework.Inlargeuniversities,graduatestudents,calledteachingassistantsorT.A.s,usuallyconductdiscussionsections.Ifyourmajorischemistry,orphysics,oranotherscience,you’llalsohavetospendseveralhoursaweekinthelab,orlaboratory,doingexperiments.Thismeansthatsciencemajorsspendmoretimeintheclassroomthannonsciencemajorsdo.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhomajorinsubjectslikeliteratureoranthropologyusuallyhavetoreadandwritermorethansciencemajorsdo.NowI’dliketogoonandsayafewwordsaboutexaminations.Mostuniversitycourseshaveatleasttwoexams:oneinthemiddleofthequarter,calledamidterm,andoneattheend,calledthefinalexam.Mostcoursesalsohaveoccasionalquizzes,whicharesmallertestsgiveneveryweekortwo.Therearetwobasictypesofexamquestions.Thereareobjectivequestions,suchasmultiplechoice,true/false,matching,orfillingintheblank,andessayquestions,whereyoumustwriteanessayoracompositioninresponsetoquestion.Mostexamsarecombinationofessayandobjectivequestions.Insomecourses,especiallyinnonscienceones,youmightalsohavetowritearesearchpaper.Aresearchpaperisawritingprojectinwhichyouchooseatopicrelatedtothecourse,goaboutwhatyouhaveread.YoucanseethattheabilitytowriteisextremelyimportantinAmericanuniversities.ThefinalpointthatIwanttocovertodayiswhatyoushoulddoifyouneedhelpinaparticularclass.Ifyou’rehavingaproblem,youshouldmakeanappointmenttoseeyourinstructorimmediately.Don’tbeshy!Instructorsplantospendacertainamountoftimeeachweekwiththestudents.Theyseethestudentsintheirofficesduringofficehours.Instructorswillalmostalwaysannouncetheirofficehoursatthefirstclassmeeting.Youcanalsomakeaspecialappointmenttoseeyourinstructorifyoucan’tgotohisorherregularofficehours.Imightaddthatit’sagoodideatomakeanappointmenttoseeyourinstructorevenifyoudon’thaveaparticularproblem.Thatwayitwillbeeasierifyouneedspecialhelplateron.SofarI’vetalkedaboutcollegecoursestructure,aboutexams,aboutresearchpaper,andaboutgettinghelpifyouneedit.Let’sstophereandseeifthereareanyquestions.QuestionNo.16. Ifastudenttakesthreeclasses,abouthowmanyhoursperweekwillhespendattendinglectures?QuestionNo.17. Inwhichofthefollowingwaysdosciencemajorsdifferfromnon-sciencemajors?QuestionNo.18. Howmanyexaminationsarethereineachquarteroftheyearformostoftheuniversitycourses?QuestionNo.19. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTURE,accordingtotalk?QuestionNo.20. Whatshouldastudentdoifhehastroubleinclass?SECTION4:LISTENINGTESTPartA:Note-takingandGap-fillingDirections:Inthispartofthetestyouwillhearashorttalk.Youwillhearthetalkonlyonce.Whilelisteningtothetalk,youmaytakenotesontheimportantpointssothatyoucanhaveenoughinformationtocompleteagap-fillingtaskonaseparateANSWERBOOKLET.YouarerequiredtowriteONEwordorfigureonlyineachblank.YouwillnotgetyourANSWERBOOKLETuntilafteryouhavelistenedtothetalk.Now,let’sbeginPartAwithNote-takingandGap-filling.HighschoolandcollegestudentsintheUnitedStatestoday,aswellasotherswhoplantoworkinthiscountry,haveoneimportantquestionabouttheirfutures:Willtheyfindajob?Thereisnoeasyanswer,ofcourse.Butlet’slookatsomeoftherecentchangesintheU.S.jobmarketandseeifwecanmakesomepredictionsforfuturejobhunters.AgoodwaytobeginistolookattheAmericanworkforceandhowit’schanging.Themostimportantchangehasbeentheshiftfromamanufacturingeconomytoaserviceeconomy.Let’sdefinebothoftheseterms.First,aserviceeconomyisoneinwhichmostworkersprovideservices—thatis,theydosomething,likepumpinggasintopeople’scars,forexample,insteadofmakingsomething.Generally,servicejobsaregroupedintofivecategories:One:Transportationandutilitycompanies,likethephonecompanyTwo:WholesalecompaniesThree:RetailcompaniesFour:Finance,insurance,andrealestatecompaniesAndfinally,fivePersonalservices,suchashotels,carrepair,accounting,andmedicine.Examplesforpeoplewhoworkinserviceindustriesincludeyourdoctor,yourhairstylist,airlinepilots,andsalesclerksindepartmentstores.Incontrast,peoplewhoactuallyproducethings—likecars,furniture,orclothing—arepartofthemanufacturingeconomy.Now,thepointhereisthatwehavechangedfromamanufacturingeconomytoserviceeconomy.Thefollowingnumberswillshowyoujusthowmuchoureconomyhaschanged.Onehundredyearsago,80%ofworkersproducedgoods;todayonlyabout30%do.Economistspredictthatbytheyearnineoutofeverytenworkerswillsupplyservices.Whathascausedthischangeinoureconomy?Well,first,manufacturingindustriesarenotgrowingforonesimplereason:competitionfromWesternEuropeandAsia.JobsinAmericanautomobileandsteelproductionhaveespeciallydecreasedduringthelasttenyears.Thenumberofserviceindustries,ontheotherhand,increasedforseveralreasons.Becauseoftechnologicaladvances－especiallyincomputersandtelephonecommunications—advertising,accounting,andotherbusinessservicesbecameimportant.Also,thegrowingnumberofmarriedwomenwhoworkoutsidethehomehasincreasedtheneedforrestaurantsandday-carecenters.And,asthenumberofoldpeoplehasgrown,sohavehealth-careservices.Sonowyouknowwherethejobswillbe,andyou’vedecidedtolookforajobinaserviceindustry.Butwait,becausesomeeconomistsworrythattheservice-jobexplosionmaycreateseveralproblems.Accordingtosomestudies,Americans’standardoflivingmightdecreasebecausehalfoftheservicejobspaylowwages.Forexample,threeoutoffivenewjobsbetween1979and1985paidlessthan$7,000ayear.Thepayislowbecausemanyofthesejobsdon’trequiremucheducationortraining,andmanyoftheworkesarepart-timeortemporaryemployees.Companiessavemoneybyusingtemporaryemployeesbecausetheydon’thavetogivethemhealthinsuranceorvacationpay.Suchjobsgiveaworkerverylittlesecurity.Thegoodnewsisthat,asyoucanseeinthechart,thefastestgrowingservicejobcategoriesarethebetter-payingones,particularlyinthetechnicalandcomputer-relatedfield.Butthesejobsrequireahighdegreeofskillandmanyyearsofeducation.Soifyoudecidetolookforajobinaserviceindustry,andyouwanttobesureyou’llmakeenoughmoney,gettingtherighttrainingandeducationfirstisthebestwaytoprepareforthefuturejobmarket.PartB:ListeningandTranslationⅠ.SentenceTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5Englishsentences.Youwillhearthesentencesonlyonce.Afteryouhaveheardeachsentence,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Now,let’sbeginSentenceTranslationwithSentenceNo.1SentenceNo.1. TheSalesManageristhinkingaboutextendinghisstayinthiscitybyacoupleofdays.SentenceNo.2. Themainthingintheteachingofartistoencouragetheimaginationofeachstudentandallowthemtoexpressthemselvesasfreelyaspossible.SentenceNo.3. ChinaisthefirstlegofthePresident’sfour-nationtour,whichalsoincludesJapan,SouthKoreaandthePhilippines.SentenceNo.4. ComparedtoJapanandtheEuropeancountries,theUnitedStatesiswellaheadwhenitcomestothenumberofdoctorsperthousandinhabitants.SentenceNo.5. I’mgoingtotalkabouttheroadaccidentfiguresinthiscityandthetotalnumberofaccidentsfluctuatedquitealotintheperiodof1995-1997.Ⅱ.PassageTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear2Englishpassages.Youwillhearthepassagesonlyonce.Afteryouhaveheardeachpassage,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWEBOOKLET.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouarelistening.Now,let’sbeginPassageTranslationwiththefirstpassage.Passage1:ThetraditionalAmericanfamilyusedtohaveaworkingfather,ahouse-wifemother,andtwoorthreechildren.Butinthelasttwentyortwenty-fiveyea