孙惠清：高中英汉翻译策略与实践 2

高中英汉(汉英)翻译策略与实践

缙云中学孙惠清2013-04-19一、翻译的概念二、高中英汉(汉英)翻译策略三、课堂翻译实践四、生活翻译实践五、文化翻译实践一、翻译的概念翻译是把用一种语言表达的信息准确通畅地转换成另一种语言的活动或行为。（张春柏，2003：4）翻译是一种跨文化的交际活动，是一门科学，一门艺术，一套技巧，并且有系统的“翻译理论”，其规律是“理解原文—结构转换—通顺表达”。（李孚声，2010：2,3）3.翻译就是用译文语言自然地复述出与原文最接近的对等信息—首先就语义而言，其次就其风格而言。（尤金·奈达，美国翻译理论家）4.翻译就是按照原作者的意图把一个文本的意思用另一种语言表达出来。（彼得·纽马克，英国翻译理论家）这两个定义涵盖了翻译的主要特点：翻译内容（信息，作者的意图）和对译文的要求（最接近，自然地）（李孚声，2010：2）二、高中英汉(汉英)翻译策略1.看懂原文意思2.清楚译入语的结构（句子）3.熟悉译入语的文化看懂原文意思(1)Experiencemorethansufficientlyteachesthatmengovernnothingwithmoredifficultythantheirtongues.(Bendictdespinoza,Dutchphilosopher)

经验给我们太多的教训，告诉我们人类最难管制的东西，莫过于自己的舌头。(荷兰哲学家斯宾诺沙)(2) 你坐这里。（给新来的职员安排位置）

Thisisyourdesk.(3)一段关于本·拉登笑话的理解(4)外专委QQ对话：A:1.在探索中发现科学之美。2.在审美中享受学习的快乐。B:Finding

beauty

of

science

in

the

exploration.Enjoying

the

pleasure

of

learning

in

the

aesthetic

practice.

A:那您看“发展为先，科学育人”这样翻译可以吗：Place

top

priority

upon

development

and

cultivate

students

in

scientific

ways.B:如果是个号召，不妨用动词原形。如果是个陈述，是不是用非谓语形式更好一点呢？A:您的意思是把前面的动词ing形式改成动词原型？

B:不知道你是做什么用的，所以这样问一下。A:是学校的宣传手册中的标语。还有一句这样译可以吗？创造适宜学生发展的教育，在教育中实现最优发展

Create

an

education

good

for

the

students’

development

and

strive

for

the

high-quality

development

in

education.

A:翻译的不错

(Createaneducationfitforthestudents’high-qualitydevelopment.)2.清楚译入语的结构（句子）Ioweyoualotforyourhelpyesterday.（主语+谓语）昨天的事多亏你帮忙。（主题+述题）薄薄的一本书他竟看了两个月。Ittookhimtwolongmonthstofinishsuchathinkbook.这本书我已经看过了。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.真有这事吗？（无主语）Isthatatruestory?（主语that）发生什么事了？（无主语）Whathappened?（主语what）下大雨了。（无主语）It’sraininghard.（主语it）Childrenshouldbetaughtnottolie.（表观点等被动句）应该教育儿童不要撒谎。（无主语）TheyplaywaswrittenbyBernardShaw.(被动)这剧本是肖伯纳写的。（主动）你的来信已经收到。Yourletterhasbeenreceived.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatairlinefoodisawful.人们普遍承认，飞机上的食物非常糟糕。大家知道，吸烟有害健康。Smokingisknowntobeharmfultoourhealth.Thethoughtofreturningfilledhimwithfear.（无灵主语）一想到还要返回去，他心里就害怕。（有灵主语）我突然想到，他也许把我们的约会彻底忘记了。Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethathemighthaveforgottenourappointmentcompletely.她一看到他就生气。Theverysightofhimmakesherangry.翻译：Anideasuddenlystruckme.可以按照具体上下文来翻译：Anideasuddenlystruckmejustbeforetheyrefusedmethejob.（我突然想到了一个主意。）Themomenthecametomeforadvice,anideasuddenlystruckme.（一个想法突然在我脑海里冒了出来。）3.熟悉译入语的文化“饭菜不好，请多包涵。”⑴Thesedishesarenotgood.Pleasemakedowiththem.⑵Thesearethebestdisheswecanprepare.Pleasehelpyourself.⑵的译文不忠实于原文，但与译入语的文化一致，其作用与原文在语用效果及礼貌保持一致。请看下面的礼貌用语干得不错，你辛苦了。Welldone.Thatwasahardjob.久仰大名。I’veheardalotaboutyou.Yournameiswell-knownhere.欢迎指导。Welcome.We’reverypleasedtohaveyoucomeandvisitus.请提宝贵意见。Pleasegiveusyourcommentsandsuggestions.由于水平有限，本书错误、缺点在所难免，希望读者批评指正。Suggestionsforimprovementwillbegratefullyreceived.大海捞针lookforaneedleinabundleofhay班门弄斧teachfishtoswim下海riskone’sfortuneindoingbusinessbadsailor容易晕船的人wetblanket不受欢迎的人thefifthwheel多余的东西deadduck竞选失败者merchantofdeath军火商回头人出嫁哭喊的也有，说要寻死觅活的也有，抬到男家闹得拜不成天地的也有，连花烛都砸了的也有。Somewidowssobandshoutwhentheyremarry;somethreatentokillthemselves;somerefusetobowtoheavenandearthafterthey’vebeencarriedtotheman’shouse;somesmashtheweddingcandlesticks.Somewidowssobandshoutwhentheyareforcedtoremarry;somethreatentokillthemselves;somerefusetogothroughwiththeweddingceremonyafterthey’vebeencarriedtotheman’shouse;someevensmashweddingcandlesticks.解放前beforeliberationbeforethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinabefore1949抗战期间duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapan比较下面翻译：Thatguyreallyknowsathingortwo.那家伙真是略知一二。（表层）那家伙真是见多识广。（深层）√ThisisthelastplacewhereIexpectedtomeetyou.这是我想见到你的最后一个地方。万万没想到会在这个地方碰到你！√Hehasgotholdofthewrongendofthestick.他的棍子拿倒了。他完全搞错了。√Youlooksad.Don’ttellmeyou’reoutofajobagain.你看上去挺难过，别告诉我你又失业了！你看上去挺难过，难道你又失业了！√三、课堂翻译实践学生能用英语思维吗？

学生如何学习词块？

学生如何巩固词块？学生如何运用词块？学生能用英语思维吗？大量的心理语言学研究表明，我们的大脑在处理外语的时候，永远都要借助于母语这个中介，只不过随着外语水平的提高，它的处理速度越来越快。而词块（lexicalchunks）是语言处理的基本单位，词块越多，语言处理得就越快。（崔刚，2012）2.学生如何学习词块？⑴动词短语和习语⑵固定搭配短语：taxidriver,thedayaftertomorrow⑶共现关系短语:walkthedog,askforadvice⑷主题同现关系短语：goodfriend,closefriend,honestfriend,truefriend⑸句型：neither…nor,notonly…butalso…⑹句子框架（sentenceframe）：Sorrytointerrupt,butcanIjustsay…?/Iwonder…/It’sbecause…/Icanwellrememberthat…/Thatwasthetimewhen…学生如果学会这样积累词汇，语言表达能力会成倍增长。（崔刚，2012）3.学生如何巩固词块？⑴笔记+早测（Morningquiz）MorningQuizThursdayFeb21,2013Translatethefollowingbasedontoday’sclass.1.他是一个多么有趣的人啊！2.她坚决要求四分之三的书应该放在教室。3.这些学生中，他是唯一一个看过泰囧电影的，这电影很值得看。(两个定语从句)4.这是他第一次获得演讲比赛一等奖。上课内容：期末试卷中的易错考点…greatfunTwothirdsofthestudentswear……insistthat…shoulddo……belong……theonlyoneofthewomenwho……wellworthdoingItisthefirsttimethat…has/havedone…LostinThaiWhatfunheis!Sheinsistedthatthreequartersofthebooks(should)belongintheclassroom.HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasseenthefilmLostinThai,whichiswellworthseeing.Itisthefirsttimethathehaswonthefirstprizeinthespeakingcompetition.MorningQuizFridayFebruary22ndTranslatethefollowingbasedontoday’sclass.她不仅拒接他给的礼物，而且把他赶出家门。(倒装句)并非他们两个都进了浙江大学（admit）。他身材高大，因此在人群中很突出。(height,crowd)老师走进教室，手里拿着书。他下班回家，又累又饿。1.Notonlydidsherefusehisgiftforher,but(also)shedrovehimoutofherhouse.2.BothofthemwerenotadmittedtoZhejiangUniversity.(Notbothofthemwereadmittedto…)3.Hisheightmakeshimstandoutinthecrowd.4.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,bookinhand.5.Hereturned(cameback)homefromwork,tiredandhungry.⑵阅读英美小说（书虫）阅读英美小说缘由、经过和效果GreatExpectationsbyCharlesDickensATaleofTwoCitiesbyCharlesDickensWutheringHeightsbyEmilyBronteFarfromtheMaddingCrowdbyThomasHardy实例展示I.Sentencescollectedbythestudents1.Butthosefourmileswerelikeanocean,whichIcouldnotcross!2.HemarriedmetohavehisrevengeonEdgar!3.HeathcliffvisitsCatherineforthelasttime.4.It’sallyourfault!Ihaven’tbrokenyourheart,you’vebrokenit!5.It’syourfaulttoo,Heathcliff!Youleftme,remember?6.Iforgiveyouformakingmesuffer,buthowcanIforgiveyoufordying?7.Noonecouldhavebeenhappierthanmymaster,whenhesawhersittingupinbedforthefirsttime,andbeginningtotakeaninterestinthepeopleandthingsaroundher.8.Shewasexpectingababy.9.Hebroughtoutagun,whichhadaknifeattachedtoit.10.Don’tcomparemyfeelingforherwithhis!11.Hecan’tloveherasIcan.12.She’sjustlikeaninsectundermyfoot.13.Iarguedandcomplained,andrefusedfiftytimes,butintheendheforcedmetoagree.14.Don’tyoufeelpityforher?15.Hereyesseemedfixedonsomethingfaraway,somethingbeyondnormalsight.16.Oh,Ellen,Idowanttoescapefromthisprison.Thereisabeautifulworldwaitingformeoutthere.17.SoonI’llfeesorryforyou,becauseI’llbe

beyondyouall!(比较：Whypeopledesigncomputergamesisbeyondme.）18.WhenhesawHeathcliffholdinghiswife,hewentpalewithanger.19.Twohourslater,Catherinedied,withoutcallingforHeathcliff,orrecognizingEdgar.20.NowtheLintonfortunewouldpasstoIsabellaandherhusbandafterMrEdgar’sdeath.21.Murderedpeopledohaunttheirmurderers.II.Correctthemistakes(fromthestudents)1.Shecomesintotheroom,woringaconfidenthappyexpressiononherface.2.Myfatherisstrickedwithme.Heseemedlikeawickedwolftome.3.HesuspectedthatHeathcliffwashidinghisturewickednessunderhisgentlemanlyappearnce.4.Whateverwedo,nothingcankeepthemstaying,theirplacesoflive,farawayfromhere,withforestsaroundtheirhome.5.AndhowgreedyHeathcliffwas,justforgettingthefortunefromLinton,helayIsbellathathelovedher.6.Hestillcan’tcontrolhismindandtearsrollingdownhisfacesilently.学生1、学生27.Hishadsomefacefullofdelightat学生3receivingCatherine’sunexpectedinvitation.8.Heneighthercriedorprayed.学生4、学生59.IwassadwhenIseenthischapter…Thetearswasfullofmyears.Howmovedthesays!学生610.AllIcandoisstayingathome,dreamingofplayingbasketball.学生711.WhenHindleywasdrunk,helikedadevil.倪昊12.Heissoangrythatunabletocontrolhimself.学生113.Herehehesitatedwithsomethinghehaddone.学生214.Althoughwehadnotrealizedit,anddiedsoonafterHaretonwasborn.学生315.Worstofall,butthereareseveralotherhandsomerichyoungmenintheworld.学生4“Well,Ido,that’senough.Well,becausehe’shandsome,andapleasantcompanion.”“Oh,that’sbad,”Isaid,shakingmyhead.“Andbecausehelovesme.”“That’sworse.”“Andbecausehe’llberich,andIshallbethemostimportantwomanformilesaround.”“Worstofall.Butthereareseveralotherhandsome,richyoungmenintheworld.Whydon’tyoumarryoneofthem?”Goodsentencesfromthebookreview:1.Afterthat(Francesdied),Hindleywasindespairanddrownedhissadnessinwine.（学生1，学生2，学生3，学生4，学生5）2.Hewasinthedepthsofdespair.4.学生如何运用词块？⑴单元主题写作以Unit2Module3Healthyeating为例Youarewhatyoueat.Health,energyandstrengtharedirectlyrelatedtoyourdiet.Ahealthydietneedsenergy-givingfood,body-buildingfoodandprotectivefood.Energyismeasuredincalories.Allactivitiesevensleepwillburncalories.Whatisabalanceddiet?Writing1Title:IsBreakfastImportant?Whatisbreakfast?Whyisbreakfastneeded?Whatisagoodbreakfast?(Why?)Whatwillmakeyourbreakfast?(Why?)Youcan

refertothereadinginUnit2andthereadinginexercisepaperPartII.Yourwritingshouldcoverthefollowing.(110-120words)Writing2:I.ChunksP521.高质量的2.很需要3.关心（两个）4.非常乐意为……工作5.只看见好的6.工会/学生会7.为……说话II.WritingP52120words(Beconcise!)1.ofhighquality2.need…badly3.careabout/beconcernedabout4.beonlytoohappytoworkfor…5.seenothingbutgood6.workers’unions7.speakupforShouldaMcDonald’sbebuilthere?ThesedayspeoplearediscussingwhetheraMcDnoald’sshouldbebuilthere.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.SomethinkaMcDonald’sshouldcomehereforthefollowingreasons.First…Second…Lastbutnotleast…

OthersholdtheviewthataMcDonal’sshouldnotbebuilthere.Theythinkthat…Besides,…Mostimportantofall,…Weighingitsadvantagesagainstitsdisadvantages,Ithinkweshould…because…可以当范文用的作文：4班：学生1，学生2，学生3，学生4，学生5（优缺点提炼得很好，格式好）5班：学生1，学生2，学生3，学生4，学生5（简练齐全）

Correctthemistakes:Thefoodishighlevelsoffat,sugarandsalt.Allthosecarsbuyfoodattherewillproducemuchpetrolfumes.Notonlymaketheairdirty,butalsocausetrafficproblems.ThecarstookpeopletoeatinMcDonald’swouldputoutpetrolfumes.WeshouldforbuildingtheMcDonald’s.has/containsbringingpeopletobuyfoodtheredoesititcausesbringingpeopletobuyfoodgiveout/producedbe句型扩充：Opinionsdiffer/varyfrompersontoperson.(Officehoursdiffer/varyfromcompanytocompany.)2.Itsadvantagesoverweighitsdisadvantages.3.Itdoesusmoregoodthanharm.⑵小说书评写作书评写作的思路：借鉴金教授的小说阅读要求（50页+小结）实践过程中不断修正（词、句—仿造句子）I.Wordsfromthestory________________________II.Sentencesfromthestory________________________III.BookReview________________________书评实例展示：WutheringHeightsChapters5and6Student1Word:warne.g.Theherdboycametowarnpeoplethatthewolfhadcome.Sentence:n.+doing独立主格结构e.g.Hedroppedontotheground,hishandsshakingandtearsrollingdownhisface.Bookreview:HowpoorCatherineis!Asfarasshewasconcerned,sheneededtomarryEdgar.Inthisway,shewouldbeabletohelpHeathcliffwithherhusband’smoney.It’sworsethatHeathcliffheardCatherinesayshecouldn’tmarryhim.Sohedisappeared.Inthispart,Iknowthetrueloveisliketherocksintheground—notbeautiful,butnecessaryandunchanging,insteadoftheleavesonthetrees.IwishHeathcliffandCatherinegotagoodendinthenextchapters.Student2Word:scold,hesitatee.g.Hescoldedthemforarrivinglate.Ididn’thesitateforamomentabouttakingthejob.Sentence:e.g.Irealizedthatthecaraccidenthadonlybroughtthemclosertogether.InmyheartandsoulIknowIshouldgiveahandtothedisabled.Bookreview:Inthestory,CatherineaskedDeanforadviceaboutmarryingEdgar.Shewasverypainfulandinherheartandsoulsheknewshewaswrong.ShejustwantedtogetmoneytohelpHeathcliffbymarryingEdgar.Iknowthatthisdecisionhadonlybroughtthemfarther(apart).Butinmyheartandsoul,IknowshehadnochoicesandthelovebetweenherandHeathcliffisgreat.SowhenIgrowup,ifIfindtruelove,Iwilltrymybesttomakeherhappyandprotectherfromdanger.Student3Word:disobeye.g.Hewaspunishedfordisobeyingorders.Sentence:e.g.Icouldnottakemyeyesoffthebook.Shewashidinguglysecretsunderthebeauty.Bookreview:

Withtimegoingby,Heathcliffwasnolongerroughandbecameagentleman.ThenIsabellawasinlovewithhimbecauseofhisgentlemanlyappearance.Finally,Isabellaranawaywithhimandkeptsilent. Fromthesechapters,Irealizethatwecan’tjudgeabookbyi