过去分词的用法LJ

GrammarTheUseOfV-ed动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作补语动词-ed形式作状语

过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。动词-ed形式作定语①及物动词的过去分词作定语除表示“完成”的动作之外,还表示“被动”的意义。如：

spokenEnglish；icedbeer；cookedfood;friedchips;

不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiledwater;fallenleaves，therisensun等。Thegroundiscoveredby_________

(fall)leaves.fallen

PastParticipleusedasattribute

Sheisdrinking_________(boil)water.boiledSheisdrinkingthewaterwhichwas

boiled.

②动词-ed形式作定语时，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。

1.Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?

今晚有什么活动吗?

(=thathasbeenplannedfortonight)2.Themeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess．这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。

(=whichwasattendedbyalotofpeople)

破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。______________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.昨天买的书确实不错。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.Thebrokenwindowboughtyesterday

过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。如:①I’minterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyJinYong.

②Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved．③Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea．

动词-ed形式作表语常见的作表语的过去分词有:amused(愉快的)；broken(碎了的)；closed(关闭的)；astonished(吃惊的)；crowded(拥挤的)；experienced(有经验的);delighted(高兴的)；lost(丢失的)；gone(遗失的)；disappointed(失望的)；worried(担忧的)；interested(感兴趣的)tired(疲劳的)pleased(高兴的)；satisfied(满意的)；surprised(吃惊的);married(已婚的)；known(著名的)等等

PastParticipleusedaspredicativeTheshopis_________(close).closedCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______(pay)bythehour.

paidTherearetwoglasseswhichare_______(break).brokenThereare

two

broken

glasses.动词-ed形式作补语

能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词,表示“被动”或“完成”意义，作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。

Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback．Mygrandfatherhadhisoldhouserebuilt．

(1)动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make,get,have,keep,leave,hold等。

Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth．我每个月理一次发。

他正努力使别人听懂自己。

她用双手按着脸。Hewastryingtomakehimselfunderstood．Sheheldherhandspressedagainstherface.①(请人)把某事做完。

她请人把屋子修好了。“have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义：Shehadherhouserepaired．②遭遇某种意外情况。昨天她的钱包被偷了。Shehadherwalletstolenyesterday.

③完成某事(自己也可能参与)。

我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。

Ihavehadallmyspellingmistakescorrected．(2)过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With________________________________________________________,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden．周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花,他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。

manykindsofflowersplantedaroundthebuilding

过去分词作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。过去分词状语相当于状语从句,

若过去分词作状语,句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系,即是该分词动作的承受者。动词-ed形式作状语ChinaPavilionWhen

ChinaPavilionisseenfromthedistance,itlookslikeaChinesecrown(皇冠).When_______________________,ChinaPavilionlookslikeaChinesecrown.seenfromthedistance

Becausethetreesweredecoratedwithcolorfullights,theymadeanexcellentimpressiononus.Because___________________________,

thetrees

madeanexcellentimpressiononusdecoratedwithcolorfullights

IfIweregivenachancetostudyhard,Iwouldtreasureit.If__________________________,Iwouldtreasureit.givenachancetostudyhard

现在分词与过去分词的区别:①在定语中

现在分词作定语常表示“主动”和“进行”,过去分词则常表示“被动”和“完成”;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。Iknowthemanstandingthere.

主动Isthereanythingplannedfortonight?

被动

过去分词和V-ing形式都可以看做一个形容词，但是：

表主动的,进行的，

---含有“令人……”之意

表被动的,完成的，

---含有“感到……”之意V-ing形式过去分词②在表语中Atthesightofthe________scene,allthepeoplepresentwere_________totears.看到这么动人的情景,所有在场的人都感动得流下了眼泪。movemovedmovingWeget__________whenweseethis__________picture.excitedexcitingexcite注意:

作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作:Thebookiswellwritten.(表语)Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.(被动语态)③在宾语补足语中现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。如:Iheardsomeone_______me.Iheardmyname________.

我听见有人喊我。callingcalled④在状语中

过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别在于:过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系,而现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系。_______fromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitybeautiful.______fromthetopofthehill,thecityisverybeautiful.Seeing

Seen实战高考1._______(污染的)airandwaterareharmfultopeople’shealth.2.Theproblem____________________(在会议上讨论的)yesterdaywasverydifficulttosolve.Polluteddiscussedatthemeeting完成句子。3.Hebecame______(兴奋)whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.4.Iam_________(感兴趣)inthestory.5.Ihaven’tgotthefilm________(冲洗)yet.6.Doyouknowtheman_______(站)besidethedoor?excitedinteresteddevelopedstanding

7.JohnSnowtoldthestoryaboutthe_________(astonish)peopleinBroadStreet.8.Someofthepeople_______(invite)tothepartycouldn’tcome.9.Thereisacar_______(park)outsidethehouse.astonishedinvitedparked

10.Theexperience_______(gain)willbeofgreatvaluetous.11.Theseseatsare_______(reserve)foryou.12.Thelibraryis______(close)onweekends.13.Don’tdrinkthe_______(pollute)water.14.The________(worry)motherlookedather________(worry)son,looking_______(worry).gainedreservedclosedpollutedworriedworryingworriedⅢ.单句改错：

1.Theforeignertriedhisbesttomakehispointbeunderstood.2.Theyfoundapieceofr