重大版高中必修5 Theme A Unit 1 grammar 课件

GrammarUnit1OlympicHistoryThePastParticipleastheAttributeThefirstrecordedancientOlympicGameswereheldin776BCinancientGreeceand…AnolivewreathastheonlyprizegivenatOlympiasuggestedthattheathletescompetedforhonour,…Readthesentencesfromthetext,payingattentiontothecolouredwords.3.In1948,SirLudwigGuttmannorganizedasportscompetitioninvolvingWordWarIIdisabledsoldiersinEngland.4.Fouryearslater,competitorsfromHollandjoinedtheGames,andtheinternationalmovement,now

knownastheParalympics.过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。

B:Yes.Andwehadcanned

fish,smoked

sausages,

cakes

madebyourteacherandfreshapples

pickedfromtheorchard.Wealsoplayedalotofgamesthere.B:Indeed,toourdelight,wehelpedalost

boytofindhismother.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。单个过去分词过去分词短语1.过去分词作定语位置已升起的太阳有组织的旅行arisensunanorganizedtrippeopleaddictedtodrugsaschoolbuiltfororphans药物上瘾的人为孤儿专建的学校

单个过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those

等不定代词时，也要放在这些词后面。Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.2.过去分词作定语的含义a.及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedguesttheexcitedcrowdacupwhichisbrokenasoldierwhowaswoundedaguestwhoisunexpectedthecrowdwhowereexcitedagrownwomanaretiredofficerawomanwhohasgrownaofficerwhohasretiredb.不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换。①aletterwritteninpencil②thebookborrowedbyJack③themachinesproducedlastyearThisobject,discoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasborrowedbyJack=Thisobject,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,haschangedmachine.=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear④3.过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换①破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。______________________willbereplacedsoon.=Thewindowwhichwasbrokenwillbereplacedsoon.②昨天买的书确实不错。Thebooks_______________areofhighquality.=Thebookswhichwereboughtyesterdayareofhighquality.ThebrokenwindowboughtyesterdayPractice一些由表示情感或心理状态的动词转化而来的过去分词作定语时，已经完全形容词化，不表被动。4.形容词性化过去分词作定语常见的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。The_____childrenwereopeningtheirpresents.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitesexcited过去分词与现在分词作定语1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。注：不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义，而不表示被动。aninspiringspeech

theinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众thefallingleaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）thefallenleaves2.时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”①Doyouknowtheboy_______(lie)underthebigtree?“Can’tyouread?”Marysaidangrily,_______(point)tothenotice.③Thewoman________(sell)vegetableshasgone.④Thewheatiswateredbywater_______(bring)fromapond.⑤Heisaleader___________(respect)bythepeople.lyingpointingsellingbroughtrespected3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdaytheproblembeingdiscussed

4.过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式都表示“完成”和“被动”，但前者的时间性不变，而后者更加强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作。①Heisateacher_________(respect)byall.②__________________(tell)tostayinBeijing,theboydecidednottoreturnedtohisvillage.已经发生，完成正在发生respectedHavingbeentold1.Tickeachofthefollowingsentencesbelowinwhichthepastparticipleisusedasanattribute.____1)Shewassurprisedtoseethebeautifulhorseinfrontofthehouse.____2)Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartyweremyoldfriends.____3)Thingsseenaremightierthanthingsheard.____4)Tiredout,thegroupofworkersstoppedtohavearest.√√××____5)Sheshoutedinapleasedvoicewhensheheardthegoodnews.____6)Frightenedbythebarkingdog,thelittlegirlcriedloudly.____7)Theinjuredpassengerswereimmediatelysenttothecityhospital.____8)TherivermentionedinthesongisactuallyslightlytotheeastofVirginia.×√√√2.Rewriteeachofthefollowingsentencesbyfollowingtheexample,payingattentiontothepositionofthepastparticiple.Theletterpostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.Theletterwhichwaspostedtodaywillreachhimthedayaftertomorrow.先行词定语从句先行词分词作定语Idon’tliketoreadaletterwhichiswritteninpencil.2)Alltheguestswhoareinvitedareherenow.3)Theyaretheproblemswhichhavebeenleftoverbyhistory.

Idon’tliketoreadaletterwritteninpencil.Alltheguestsinvitedareherenow.Theyaretheproblemsleftoverbyhistory.4)Theplanwhichhasbeenmademightbechanged.5)Theyfinallycametotheareasthathadbeenliberated.Theplanmademightbechanged.Theyfinallycametotheliberatedareas.Theisland,_______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.(2011全国II)A.joining B.tojoin C.joined D.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……连接起来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句whichisjoined…。答案选C。高考解析TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建)A.found B.foundingC.founded D.tobefounded解析：句中的主语TsinghuaUniversity与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间1911年可知found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。

1.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known2.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention3.___Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,writeDAAPractice4.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars5.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buyingDB6.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.A.grownB.beinggrownC.tobegrownD.togrow7.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpectedAD8.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks9.You