呼吸系统X线诊断英文

RadiodiagnosisintheRespiratorySystem呼吸系统X线诊断贵州省人民医院放射科唐雷Section1ThelungsThethoraciccage胸廓Thethoraciccageisinsymmetry（对称）ornot.Theribsandtheotherbonesseen,appeartobenormal,orindestruction（骨质破坏）,ormalformation（畸形）,anddeformation（变形）.Theintercostalspaces（肋间隙）aresymmetricalornot,broadened,ornarrowed.Softtissuesseemnormalorabnormal.2.ThelungsLocation:Iflesionsarelimitedbyboundariesofalobe（肺叶）orasegment（肺段）,thelocationofthelesionisdefinedanddescribeddirectlywiththespecificlobeorsegment.Ifthelesionhasamassiverangeandvaguemargin,itcanbedescribedaccordingtotheupper,middleorlowerregionsfromtoptobottom,andinner,middleorouterzonesfrominsidetooutsideofthelungfields.Lungfields（肺野）andpulmonaryzones（肺带）upperlungfieldmiddlelungfieldlowerlungfieldInnerpulmonaryzonemiddlepulmonaryzoneouterpulmonaryzoneLunglobes（肺叶）andsegments（肺段)superiorlobeofleftlung（左肺上叶）

inferiorlobeofleftlung（左肺下叶

）superiorlobeofrightlung（右肺上叶）

middlelobeofrightlung（右肺中叶）

inferiorlobeofrightlung（右肺下叶）

Lunglobes（肺叶）andsegments（肺段)posterior背anteromedialbasal前内lateralbasal外侧基底posteriorbasal后基底segmentofsuperior

lobeofleftlungsegmentofinferior

lobeofleftlungapicoposterior尖后anterior前superiorlingular上舌inferiorlingular下舌posterior背anteriorbasal前基底medialbasal内侧基底lateralbasal外侧基底posteriorbasal后基底segmentofsuperior

lobeofrightlungsegmentofmiddle

lobeofrightlungsegmentofinferior

lobeofrightlungapical尖posterior后anterior前lateral外侧medial内侧Sizesofopacitiescanbedescribedaccordingtothenumberofintercostalspaces,lobesandsegmengtsand/ordirectmeasurements.Ifalesionisround,thediametercanindicateitssize.(2)Sizesofopacities:(3)Shapesofshadows:miliaryshape粟粒状Spotsorpatches斑点状或斑片状Singlesmallnodule单发小结节状Multiplenodules多发结节状Mass团块状Fog-likeshadow云雾状阴影Consolidation实变Calcification钙化Flocculentopacities絮状阴影Stripe-likeopacities索条状影Cavityshadows空洞影Honeycombshadows蜂窝状影Reticularshadows网状阴影Themarginsoflesionscanbemanifestedasfuzzy（模糊）,clear（清晰）,sharp（锐利）,smooth（光整）,irregular,radiating（放射状）,spiculation（毛刺状）,andetc.(5)Relationshipbetweenlessionsandthesurroundingtissues:Pulmonaryatelectasis（肺不张）pullsadjacentmediastinumtotheaffectedside.Lungcancercaninfiltrate（侵犯）

thoracicvertebrae（胸椎）andadjacentribs.

(4)Margins:3.Thepulmonaryhilum（肺门）：Hilarenlargement,decrease,nodules,mass,calcification,reationshipwithmediastinum,alterationofdensity,anddisplacement.4.Themediastinum（纵隔）:Observationshouldincludelocationofthetrachea（气管）,widthofthemediastinum;location,size,shape,displacementoftheheartandgreatvessels.5.Thediaphragm（膈肌）:Assessmentshouldinvolveshapeofsurface,andsharpnessofthecostophrenicangles（肋膈角）.CasesinthelungsCase1.正常胸片Thethoraciccageremainssymmetrical.Alltheseenbonesarenothingremarkable.Thetrachealocatescentrallywithoutdeviation.Thelungsareclear,whilethelungmarkingsarenaturalandregular.Bothpulmonaryhilashowneitherenlargementnordecrease.Theheartandgreatvesselsappearnormalintheirposition,sizeandshape.Thediaphragmhasasmoothsurfacewithsharpcostophrenicangles.Diagnosis:Normalinthelungs,heart,anddiaphragm.Case2.患儿2y，咳嗽1周Thethoraciccageremainssymmetrical.Alltheseenbonesarenothingremarkable.Thetrachealocatescentrallywithoutdeviation.Thelungsmarkingsbecomethickenedintheinnerandmiddlezonesofbilateralmiddleandlowerlungfields.Somescatteredpatch-likeinfiltrationsmixwiththethickenedlungmarkings.Theirmarginsappearvague.Bothpulmonaryhilashowblurred,butnotinevidentenlargemen.Thereisnothingremarkableintheheartandgreatvessels.Thediaphragmhasasmoothsurfacewithsharpcostophrenicangles.Diagnosis:Bronchopneumonia.（支气管肺炎）Case3.男，18y，咳嗽1周、发热2天Thethoraciccageremainssymmetrical.Alltheseenbonesarenothingremarkable.Thetrachealocatescentrallywithoutdeviation.

Thereisalargepatchyhomogeneousopacityintherightmiddlelobewithaslightlyfuzzymargin.Itcoverstherightpulmonaryhilum.Therestofthelungsremainclear.Theleftpulmonaryhilumhasnoenlargement.Nosuspectedsignsarefoundintheheartandgreatvessels.Thediaphragmhasasmoothsurfacewithsharpcostophrenicangles.Diagnosis:Pneumonia（肺炎）intherightmiddlelobe.Re-examinationissuggestedaftertreatment.Case4.高热、咳嗽、脓痰10天Thereisalargeround-likeopacityintheposteriorsegmentoftheleftlowerlungwithafuzzymargin,inthesizeof2.0cm×3.0cm.Acavitycanbefoundwithanair-fluidlevel（气液平面）intheshadow,

whichinvolvestheleftpulmonaryhilumandadjacentlung.Nothingisspecialintheheart,diaphragmandrightlung.Diagnosis:Apulmonaryabscessintheposteriorsegmentoftheleftlowerlung.Case5.腮腺腺样囊性癌术后3年，复发2月Thethoraciccageremainssymmetrical.Alltheseenbonesarenothingremarkable.Multiplenoduleswithclearmarginsaredis-playeddiffuselyinbothlungsindifferentsizes.Bothpulmonaryhilashowneithere