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主谓一致

什么是主谓一致?主谓一致:英语句子中,主语的“人称”和“数”要限制、决定谓语动词的形式变化,这就叫“主谓一致”关系。它通常依据三项原则:1)语法一致(必考)2)意义一致;

3)就近一致。(必考)

语法一致原则的重点:

不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等作主语,用单数谓语形式。

Toservethecountryisourduty.Howandwhyheleftwasasadstory.47.Gettingtootherplanetsortothemoon_____manyproblems.a.involveb.involvesc.involvingd.toinvolve以“and”或“both…and”连接的并列主语1.通常作复数用

。Plasticsandrubberneverrot.塑料和橡胶从不腐烂。BothTomandIarefondofmedicine.我和汤姆都喜欢医学。2.如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人(事、物、抽象概念),作单数用。Theworkerandwriterhascome.这位工人作家来了。Acartandhorsewasseeninthedistance.远处能看见有一套马车。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.真诚是最好的策略。28.Whiskyandsoda______hisfavoritedrink.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen29.______istoattendourevening.a.boththesingerandthedancerb.Eitherthesingerordancersc.Thesingerordancersd.Thesingeranddancer41.Earlytobedandearlytorise______amanhealthy,happyandwise.a.makingb.tomakec.maked.makes3.“and”前、后的单数词语都有“each,every,manya,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用。

Everyboyandeverygirlenjoysequalrightshere.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益。Noteacherandnostudentisexcusedfromtakingpartintheactivity.没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动。2.Eachmanandwoman______thesamerights.a.hasb.havec.hadd.ishaving44.Everyman,womanandchild______somehistory,enoughatleast,tosurviveintheworld.a.knowsb.knowc.isknownd.areknown主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时

manya+单名

接单数谓语:Manyafinemanhasdiedforit.许多优秀战士为此献出了生命。

16.Manyastudent______theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.a.haverealizedb.hasrealizedc.havebeenrealizedd.hasbeenrealizedagood(great)many+复名

接复数谓语。Agreatmanyparentswerepresentatthemeeting.许多家长出席了会议。morethanone+单名

大多接单数谓语。Morethanonepersonwas(were)absent.不止一个人缺席。15.Morethanoneworker______dismissed.a.havebeenb.arec.hasbeend.hasmore+复名+thanone接复数谓语。Morestudentsthanonehavebeenthere.不止一个学生去过那儿。morethantwo(three,…)+复名

接复数谓语。Morethanonehundredstudentshaveattendedtheconcert.不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会。

主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式。

Thereisonlyasmallquantityofpaper(books)left.只剩下少量的纸(书)了。Largequantitiesofwaterareneeded.需要大量的水。Thiskindofappleissweet.这种苹果甜。Thiskindofapplesis(are)sweet.(大多依kind,作单数用

)Thesekindsofapple(s)aresweet.(总作复数用)Applesofthiskindaresweet.(总作复数用)

主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时:谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常用“with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,but,besides,except,addedto,including,like,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan”等。Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.一位妇女带着两个孩子来了。Iaswellastheyamreadytohelpyou.不仅他们,我也愿帮助你。55.Airpollution,togetherwithoverpopulation,_______manyproblemsinbigcitiestoday.(06)A.arecausingB.iscausingC.arecausedD.iscaused31.Nooneexcepttwostudents______themeeting.a.hasbeenlateforb.havebeenlateforc.waslateford.werelaterfor32.Allbuthimandme______totheexhibition.a.amgoingb.isgoingc.aregoingd.wasgoing33.Interest,aswellasprospects,______importantwhenonelooksforajob.a.areb.werec.isd.was定语从句中的主谓一致问题oneof+复数名词+定语从句:1.定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”,因此从句的谓语用复数形式。Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthathaveappearedthisyear.这是今年出版的最佳小说之一。(关系词“that”代“novels”)Hewasoneoftheboyswhowerepraised.他是受表扬的男孩之一。

2.若“one”前加“this,the,theonly”等时,定语从句的关系词指代one,作从句主语时,接单数谓语。Hewastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaspraised.他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的。(关系词who代theonlyone)21.Maryisoneofthebrighteststudentswho___fromNewYorkUniversity.(07)A.graduatedB.havegraduatedC.hadgraduatedD.hasgraduated25.Maryisoneofthegirlswho______alwaysontime.a.isb.amc.ared.was26.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho______tobepromoted.a.isgoingb.aregoingc.hasbeengoingd.havebeengoing意义一致原则

有些名词指“整体”时作单数,指其中的“成员”时作复数。这些名词包括:Army;audienceClass;club;company;committee;couplecrew;crowdfamilygovernment;grouppartypublicpopulationstaffteamunionOurfamilyisahappyone.我们有个幸福的家庭。Thefamilyareearlyrisers.这家人都起得早。Thepublicare(is)requestednottolitter.请公众不要乱扔废弃物。

30.TheSmiths______theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.a.hadb.hasbeenhavingc.arehavingd.werehaving19.Thecommittee______overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.a.hasarguedb.hasbeenarguingc.havearguedd.havebeenarguing20.Thepublic______generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.a.isb.wasc.ared.hasbeen有些名词以s结尾,看似名词复数,

实际上是一个单数名词:

News;works某些疾病:diabetes;mumps;rickets;measles;rabies;shingles某些游戏:billiards;bowls;darts;表示学科的词:acoustics;athletics;economics;electronics;genetics;linguistics;logistics;mathematics;physics;politics;statistics;thermodynamics23.Measles______akindofinfectiousillness.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen22.Herpolitics______neitherconservativenorliberal.a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeen42.Mathematics______thelanguageofscience.a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen其他以-s结尾的名词:英语中有一些由两个部分构成的物体名称,通常是由-s结尾,如scissors(剪子)、pincers(钳子)、glasses(眼镜)、shorts(短裤)、trousers(裤子)、suspenders(吊裤带)等。这一类名词,如果不带“一把”、“一副”、“一条”之类的单位词而单独出现,通常作复数;如果带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数。例如:

Yourtrousersaretorn.You'dbetterchangethem.你的裤子破了,最好换一条。Onepairoftrousersisnotenough.一条裤子是不够的。Herearesomenewpairsoftrousers.这儿有几条新裤子。英语中还有一些以-s结尾的名词,如archives(档案),arms(武器),clothes(衣服),contents(内容),eaves(屋檐),fireworks(烟火),goods(货物),minutes(记录),morals(道德,品行),remains(遗体),stairs(楼梯),suburbs(郊区),thanks(谢意),wages(工资)等,通常作复数。例如:Thearchivesofthissocietyarekeptinthebasement.这个团体的档案保存在地下室里。Thecontentsofthisbookaremostfascinating.本书的内容非常吸引人。Fireworkswerepostponedbecauseofbadweather.因为天气不好推迟了放烟火。Highwagesresultinhighprices.高工资会导致高物价。Histhanksweremostprofuse.他满口道谢。但也有少数这类名词作单、复数均可:Hiswhereaboutswere/wasknownonlytohispersonalstaff.只有他个人的工作班子才知道他的行踪。Thedramatics(舞台艺术)oftheperformancewere/wasmarvelous.这次上演在舞台艺术上真是好极了。凡是由-ings结尾的名词,如clippings(剪下物),diggings(掘出物),earnings(收入,收益),filings(锉屑),lodgings(租住的房间),surroundings(环境),sweepings(扫拢的垃圾)等,通常作复数。例如:

Theclippingsofthehedgesareusuallyburnt.由篱笆上剪下的枝叶通常烧掉。Thesweepingsofthegodownhavebeendisposedof.仓库垃圾已经清除。18.Thesurroundingsofhishouse______cleannow.a.isb.arec.wasd.were表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。10.“______twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”“Isupposeso.”a.Willbeb.Isc.Ared.Were11.Threehours______enoughforustofinishthetask.a.areb.hasc.isd.were代词作主语时:

1.不定代词each,one,much,(a)little,either,neither,another,theother(+单名)等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。e.g.Eachofthegirls(Eachgirl)hasanewhat.每个女孩都有顶新帽子。Neitherplansuitsme.Neitheroftheplanssuits/suitme.两个计划都不适合我。

1.Eachofyou______responsiblefortheaccident.a.amb.bec.isd.are2.下列复合不定代词一般作单数用:someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothingIseverybodyhere?都到齐了吗?Therewasnothingspecialthen.那时没什么特别情况。

3.下列不定代词作复数用:(a)few;,many;,several;bothFew(oftheguests)werefamiliartous.没几个(客人)是我们熟识的。Both/Both(of)theseareinteresting.两部影片都有趣。4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数:all,some,more,most,any,none,alot(of),lots(of),half(of),plenty(of),therest(of),(a)part(of),theremainder(of)All(ofthestudents)areworkinghard.(所有的学生)都在用功。All(ofthepaint)isfine.(这些油漆)都很好。Halfoftheapplesarebad.苹果中有一半是坏的。Halfoftheappleisbad.这只苹果坏了一半。

12.Mostofhissavings______intheXinHuaBank.a.hasbeenkeptb.isbeingkeptc.havekeptd.havebeenkept13.Allthatcanbedone______.a.hasdoneb.hasbeendonec.havedoned.havebeendone45.Noneofthem______myfriends.a.isb.arec.wasd.hasbeenanumberof/avarietyof+复数名词,常作复数用。Anumberofstudentsinthisclassare(is)fromSichuan.这个班有不少同学来自四川。Thereareavarietyoftoysinthisshop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具。35.Anumberofcars______infrontoftheparka.isparkedb.wasparkedc.areparkedd.hasparked但是,“thenumber/thevariety(种类)+of+复数名词,作单数。Thenumberofstudentsinthiscollegehasdoubled.这所大学的学生人数翻了一番。Thevarietyofgoodsinthisshopisrich.这家商店货物品种丰富。22.Thenumberofmembersintheclub__________totwohundred.(06)A.werelimitedB.limitsC.waslimitedD.limited36.Thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking______amazing.a.isb.arec.wered.havebeen有些名词,如population,proportion,majority+of的结构有时看作单数,有时看作复数。取决于of后的名词:37.Themajorityofdoctors______smokingisharmfultohealth.a.arebelievedb.hadbelievedc.hasbelievedd.believe38.Themajorityofthedamage______easytorepair.a.isb.arec.wered.be分数词+of的结构,单复数取决于后面的名词:39.Four-fifthsofthecrop______.a.areruinedb.wasruinedc.wereruinedd.havebeenruined40.Three-fourthsofthebuildings______.a.wasdestroyedb.isdestroyedc.weredestroyedd.hasbeendestroyedthe+形容词/分词作主语时

1.指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用。e.g.TheEnglishspeakEnglish.英国人讲英语。Therejectedwereheapedinthecorner.废品堆在角落里。

2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用。e.g.①Thedeceasedwashisfather.去世的是他父亲。②Theagreeableisnotalwaystheuseful.好看的不一定中用。③Thenewandprogressivealwayswinsovertheold.新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西。43.Theyoung______thevitalforcesinoursociety.a.isb.hasbeenc.ared.havebeen48.Inthatcountry,therich______richer,thepoor,poorer.a.becomeb.hasbecomec.becomesd.isbecomingwhat等引导的从句作主语时1.大多作单数用。e.g.Whatweneedismorepractice.我们需要的是更多的实践。Whathesaysdoesn'tagreewithwhathedoes.他言行不一致。27.Whatcausedtheaccident______ontheroad.a.werestoneb.werestonesc.wasstoned.wasstones2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或表语是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可。e.g.Whatyousayandthinkis/arenobusinessofmine.你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事。Whatheboughtwas/weresomebooks.他所买的是几本书。

就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"or;either…or;nor;neither…or;whether…or;not…but;notonly…butalso";等。e.g.Whathedoesorwhathesaysdoesnotconcernme.他的行为或言谈都与我无关。NeitheryounorIamwrong.你和我都没错。Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。Notonlyyoubut(also)heiswrong.不仅你错了,他也错了。39.NotonlyIbutalsoTomandMary______fondofcollectingstamps.(05)A.amB.willC.areD.have58.Neithertheteachernorherstudents___toattendthemeetingbytheheadmaster.(07)A.hasbeenaskedB.hasaskedC.haveaskedD.havebeenasked5.Themanagerorhisassistant______planningtogo.a.wereb.arec.wasd.be6.NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris______fondofplayingbasketball.a.amb.isc.ared.was7.NeitherTomnorhisparents______athome.a.isb.arec.hasd.was8.Eitherthedeanortheprincipal______themeeting.a.attendsb.attendc.areattendingd.haveattended9.______waswrong.a.Nottheteacherbutthestudentsb.Boththestudentsandtheteacherc.Neithertheteachernotthestudentsd.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher14.Oneor

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