Robert-Frost-及其诗三首的介绍分析

RobertFrostI.BiographicalIntroductionborninSanFranciscoin1874.hismotherbroughthimtoNewEnglandathiseleven,withwhichhispoetryhasalwaysbeenassociated.Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolin1892,FrostenteredDartmouthCollegebutsoonlefttoworkatoldjobsandtowritepoetry.In1897,hewasacceptedasaspecialstudentbyHarvardbutwithdrewaftertwoyearsbecauseofhisincreasingdislikeforacademicconvention.Forthenexttwelveyears,Frostmadeaminimallivingbyteachingandfarmingwhilecontinuingtowritehispoems.In1912,heandhisfamilymovedtoEngland,wherehefoundapublisherforhisfirstbookofverse,Aboy’swill(1913).Determinedtowinrecognitioninhisnativeland,FrostreturnedtotheUSandsettledonafarminhisnativeland.

Bytheendofhislifehehadbecomeanationalpoet;hereceivedhonorarydegreesfromforty-fourcollegesanduniversitiesandwonfourPulitzerPrizes;theUnitedStatessenatepassedresolutionshonoringhisbirthdaysandwhenhewaseighty-sevenhereadhispoetryattheinaugurationofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.II.MainWorksABoy’sWill1913<<一个男孩的意愿>>

NorthofBoston,1914<<波士顿的北部>>MountainInterval,1916<<山间>>NewHampshire1923<<新罕布什尔>>CollectedPoems1930<<诗集>>AFurtherRange1936<<又一片牧场>>AWitnessTree1942<<见证树>>III.Frost’sViewandThemeHispoetryconcernsNewEngland’snature.Hesawnatureasastorehouseofanalogyandsymbol,sohisconcernwithnaturereflecteddeepmoraluncertainties.Hispoetryoftenprobesmysteriousofdarknessandirrationalityinthebleakandchaoticlandscapesofanindifferentuniverse.ThequestofthesolitarypersontomakesenseoftheworldhasbecomethecentralthemeofallFrost’scollectionsandmadehispoetryamongthemostaccessibleofmodernwriters.ThepoetryofRobertFrostcombinedpastoralimagerywithsolitaryphilosophicalthemes.IV.Frost’sStylerejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries,usedtraditionalformssuchastheblankverse,plainlanguageofruralNewEnglanders,andagracefulstyle.thereisasteadytoneofwryhumor,andavirtuallyinexhaustibleverbalgrace.Heusedsymbolsfromeverydaycountrylifetoexpresshisdeepideas.Asawhole,Frost’sartisanactofclarification,which,withoutsimplifyingthetruth,rendersitinsomedegreeaccessibletoeveryone.FireandIce(火与冰)Somesaytheworldwillendinfire,Somesayinice.FromwhatI'vetastedofdesireIholdwiththosewhofavorfire.Butifithadtoperishtwice,IthinkIknowenoughofhateToknowthatfordestructioniceIsalsogreatAndwouldsuffice.有人说世界将结束于熊熊烈焰，有人则说结束于凛凛寒冰。欲望如火，体会其烈，则知世之归于火为我所愿。但若其必两度遭逢毁灭，我知恨之极至，必然明了，毁灭之冰，同样魁伟，同样顺人心意。Publication"FireandIce"firstappearedintheDecember1920issueofHarper's.In1923,itappearedinNewHampshire,acollectionofFrost'spoemspublishedinNewYork.FiguresofSpeechAlliteration

Somesaytheworldwillendinfire,Somesayinice.Iholdwiththosewhofavorfire.Anaphora(首语重复)Somesaytheworldwillendinfire,Somesayinice.Paradox

ButifithadtoperishtwiceThemeThecentralthemeof"FireandIce"isthathumanemotionsaredestructivewhenallowedtorunamok.Theycandestroyapersonmorally,mentallyandphysically.Notfrequently,unbridledemotions—suchasthoseofAdolfHitler—candestroyentirecountriesandeventhreatentodestroycivilizationitself.

StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEveningWhosewoodstheseareIthinkIknow.Hishouseisinthevillagethough;HewillnotseemestoppinghereTowatchhiswoodsfillupwithsnow.

这是谁家的林子，我想我知道，

虽说他的农舍在村子那一头，

他不会却看到我停留在这儿，

望着他的林子积雪有多厚。StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening

雪夜林边小驻MylittlehorsemustthinkitqueerTostopwithoutafarmhousenearBetweenthewoodsandfrozenlakeThedarkesteveningoftheyear.

我那小马一定会感到奇怪：

停留在这儿？又没村舍在邻近

夹在一座森林和一片冰湖之间，

在这一年中最昏暗的黄昏。

HegiveshisharnessbellsashakeToaskifthereissomemistake.Theonlyothersound’sthesweepOfeasywindanddownyflake.

他把他胸前的挂铃一摇，

想问问到底有没有弄错路线。

此外只听得一阵微风吹过，

和一阵鹅毛似的雪片卷过。Thewoodsarelovely,darkanddeep,ButIhavepromisestokeep,AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.AndmilestogobeforeIsleep.

树林真可爱，幽暗而深远。

可是我还得赶赴约会，

还得赶好几里路才能安睡，

还得赶好几里路才能安睡。BackgroundThispoemwaswrittenin1922byRobertFrost,andpublishedin1923inhisNewHampshirevolume.FrostwrotethispoemaboutwinterinJune,1922.Hehadbeenuptheentirenightwritingthelongpoem"NewHampshire"andhadfinallyfinishedwhenherealizedmorninghadcome.Hewentouttoviewthesunriseandsuddenlygottheideafor"StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening."Hewrotethenewpoeminjustafewminutesandlaterstatedthat"ItwasasifI'dhadahallucination."ThiswasFrost'sfavoriteofhisownpoemsandinalettertoLouisUntermeyerhecalledit"mybestbidforremembrance".Symbols

Promises

–ourresponsibilitiesthatwemustfulfill.Miles-experiencewemusttravelthroughbeforedeathSleep-deathVillage-humanworldTheowner-humanorderfromwhichthespeakerisshortlyseparatedThemeThepoemisprimarilyorientedtowardsthepleasureofthesceneandtheresponsibilitiesoflife.

Thestrangeattractionofdeathtomanissymbolizedbythedarkwoodssilentlyfilledupwiththecoldnessofsnow.Thepoemrepresentsamomentofrelaxationfromtheburdensomejourneyoflife,analmostaestheticenjoymentandappreciationofnaturalbeautywhichiswholesomeandrestorativeagainstthechaoticexistenceofmodernpeople.TheRoadNotTaken

Two

roads

diverged

in

a

yellow

wood

And

sorry

I

could

not

travel

both

And

be

one

traveler,

long

I

stood

And

looked

down

one

as

far

as

I

could

To

where

it

bent

in

the

undergrowth

Then

took

the

other,

as

just

as

fair

And

having

perhaps

the

better

claim

Because

it

was

grassy

and

wanted

wear

Though

as

for

that

the

passing

there

Had

worn

them

really

about

the

same

黄色的树林里分出两条路

可惜我不能同时去涉足

我在那路口久久伫立

我向着一条路极目望去

但我却选择了另外一条路

它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂

显得更诱人，更美丽

虽然在这两条小路上

都很少留下旅人的足迹

虽然那天清晨落叶满地

And

both

that

morning

equally

lay

In

leaves

no

step

had

trodden

black

Oh,

I

kept

the

first

for

another

day

Yet

knowing

how

way

leads

on

to

way

I

doubted

if

I

should

ever

come

back

//

I

shall

be

telling

this

with

a

sigh

Somewhere

ages

and

ages

hence

Two

roads

diverged

in

a

wood

and

I—I

took

the

one

less

traveled

by

And

that

has

made

all

the

difference

两条路都未经脚印污染

呵，留下一条路等改日再见

但我知道路径延绵无尽头

恐怕我难以再回返

也许多少年后在某一个地方

我将轻声叹息把往事回顾

一片森林里分出两条路

而我却选择了人迹更少的一条

从此决定了我一生的道路.

Background"TheRoadNotTaken"isapoembyRobertFrost,publishedin1916inthecollectionMountainInterval;itisthefirstpoeminthevolumeandisprintedinitalics.Thetitleisoftenmistakenlygivenas"TheRoadLessTraveled",fromthepenultimateline:"Itooktheonelesstraveledby".RhymeThispoemconsistsoffourstanzasoffivelines.TherhymeschemeisABAAB.therhymesarestrictandmasculine,withnotableexceptionofthelastline.Therearefourstressedsyllableseachline,varyingoniambic(抑扬格，指由一短一长或一轻一重的两音节组成的音步）tetrameter(四步抑扬格)base.TwoDifferentInterpretationsThepoemhastworecognizedinterpretations;oneisamoreliteralinterpretation,whiletheotherismoreironic.LiteralinterpretationAccordingtotheliteral(andmorecommon)interpretation,thepoemisinspirational,apaean（赞美歌）toindividualismandnon-conformism（不墨守成规）.IronicinterpretationTheironicinterpretation,widelyheldbycritics,isthatthepoemisinsteadaboutregretandpersonalmyth-making,rationalizingourdecisions.LiteraryDevicesMetaphor

Thepoemrevolvesaroundthemetaphorcomparingthedecisionswemakeonthejourneyoflifetoaforkintheroad.Justaswemustdecidewhichroadtotakewhentravelinginordertoarriveatalocation,wemustmakedecisionsinlifethatwillgreatlyimpactourdestination.

LiteraryDevicesSymbolism

“Yellow”-Theyellowcoloringofthewoodsisrepresentativeofthelight,hope,andpromisethatthespeakerisstandingbefore.Hisfutureisbrightandstretchesbeforehim.Thoughbothpathsareequallylit,hemustchooseonlyone.“Woods”-Thepoemissetinthewoodsbecausewegetanimageofaquiet,desertedplacewherethespeakerisleftalonetodecide.Therearenoroadsignsorpeopletostopandaskfordirections.Similarly,therearenosignsinlifedesignedtohelppeoplechoosetheirpath.“Roads”-Theroadsaresymbolicofthepathswetakeinlife.Everyroadleadstoaspecificplaceandthenatureofone’sdestinationdependsentirelyonthedecisionsthataremade.Wedon’tjustarriveatalocation;wemakeaseriesofchoicesthatleadusthere.ThemeThepoemhasbeenandcontinuestobeusedasaninspirationalpoem,onethattotheundiscerningeyeseemstobeencouragingself-reliance,notfollowingwhereothershaveled.Butaclosereadingofthepoemprovesotherwise.Itdoesnotmoralizeaboutchoice;itsimplysaysthatchoiceisinevitable,butyouneverknowwhatyourchoicewillmeanuntilyouhavelivedit.ATrickyPoemFrostclaimsthathewrotethispoemabouthisfriendEdwardThomas,withwhomhehadwalkedmanytimesinthewoodsnearLondon.Frosthassaidthatwhilewalkingtheywouldcometodifferentpathsandafterchoosingone,Thomaswouldalwaysfretwonderingwhattheymighthavemissedbynottakingtheotherpath.Aboutthepoem,Frostasserted,"Youhavetobecarefulofthatone;it'satrickypoem-verytricky."FirstStanza–DescribesSituationThepoemconsistsoffourstanzas.Inthefirststanza,thespeakerdescribeshisposition.Hehasbeenoutwalkingthewoodsandcomestotworoads,andhestandslookingasfardowneachoneashecansee.Hewouldliketotryoutboth,butdoubtshecouldtothat,sothereforehecontinuestolookdowntheroadsforalongtimetryingtomakehisdecisionaboutwhichroadtotake.SecondStanza–DecidestoTakeLess-TraveledRoadThespeakerhadlookeddownthefirstone“towhereitbentintheundergrowth,”andinthesecondstanza,hereportsthathedecidedtotaketheotherpath,becauseitseemedtohavelesstrafficthanthefirst.Butthenhegoesontosaythattheyactuallywereverysimilarlyworn.Thesecondonethathetookseemslesstraveled,butashethinksaboutit,herealizesthattheywere“reallyaboutthesame.”ThirdStanza–ContinuesDescriptionofRoadsThethirdstanzacontinueswiththecogitation(深思)aboutthepossiblediffer