动词不定式用法及练习题-L

动词不定式用法小结动词不定式用法小结动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to+动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。一.作主语例如：Tobeadoctorishard.做医生很难。TolearnEnglishwellisnot©@$丫.学好英语不容易。动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“正”作形式主语，而把真正的主语一一动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：Itishardtobeadoctor.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.再如：It'simportanttoplanttreesinspring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例：It'sgoodforustoreadEnglishaloudinthemorning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。ItisimportantforstudentstouseEnglisheveryday.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。二.作表语：动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例：Hisworkistodriveacar.他的工作是开车。Myjobistofeedanimals.我的工作是饲养动物。Herambitionistobeadoctor.她的理想是当医生。三.作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。例：Iwanttotellyouastory.我想给你讲个故事。Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。Don’tforgettolockthedoor.别忘了锁门。Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?明天和我们一■起去野餐好吗？*如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“2”例：（1）Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.他想和我们一■起去游泳。（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.我觉得和你一■起学英语很有趣。Hefoundithardtocatchupwithothers.他觉得赶上别人很困难。四.作宾语补足语。例如：TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。TheteacheroftentellsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.老师常告诉Jim不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。Pleaseletmehelpyou.让我来帮助你。动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号'。"，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teachsb.todosth.例：Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.Iwantyoutogonow.我想让你现在就走。Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她父母亲希望她当老师。“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：let/make/havesb.dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.让那个男孩出去。Theboymadethebabycry.男孩弄哭了这个小孩。see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。3.可省可不省的：helpsb.（to）dosth.Ioftenhelpmymother（to）dohousework.我经常帮妈妈做家务。*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：（1）Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。（2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.例：Lettheboynotgo.让那个男孩别走。（3）如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省'。"，即原来省的再加上，例：Theboymadethebabycry.Thebabywasmadetocrybytheboy.那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。五.动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。Whowasthefirstoneto@也丫©?谁第一'个到的？Shehasnopapertowriteon?她没有纸写字？ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistouseit.学英语最好的方法是使用它。Whenisthebesttimetoplantvegetables?什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？Doyouhavesomethingtodrink?你这有喝的吗？*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例：Ihavenochairtositon.我没有椅子坐。Hehasnohousetolivein.他没有房子住。六.不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例：Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.（表语）Nooneknowshowtodo正.没有人知道如何做这件事。（宾）Ireallydon’tknowwhichonetochoose.（宾）我真的不知道选哪一1个。*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：Idon’tknowwhattodonext.我不知下一■步该做什么？Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.课堂练习题一.选择填空：Heaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.camePleasetellhimonthewall.A.don’tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodraw D.notdrawHewantedacupoftea.A.tohave B.havingC.haveD.hadI’dlikeawordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohave D.haveIcameheremyuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒绝）backhiswords.A.totake B.taking C.took D.takesIcanletyouoneticket.A.tohave B.have C.having D.hadWeoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosing B.singsC.sangD.singHewasmadedayandnight.A.workB.workingC.towork D.workedHestoppedalook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohave C.haveD.hadMyfatherwastooangryaword.D.didntsayA.tosayB.nottosayC.tosayingD.didntsayMybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togoItistimehimsupper.A.of,tohave B.for,tohave C.of,having D.for,tohasIt’sverykindyoume.A.of,tohelp B.for,tohelp C.of,help D.of,helpingIt’simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeep C.togive D.keepBeforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochancetoschool.A.wentB.go C.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhehadanimportantmeeting,A.attendB.wouldattend C.attendingD.toattendPleasegivemeapieceofpaper.A.towrite B.towriteonC.writing D.towriteitIdon’tknow.A.whatdoB.whatwilldo C.whattodoD.dowhatYourradioneeds,A.toberepairedB.torepairC.repaired D.torepairingMywishisateacher.D.becameA.becomingB.tobecomeC.becomeD.becameIwanthimaletternow.A.towriteB.notwriteC.writeD.wroteIttookusthreedaysthetrees.A.plantB.planted C.toplantD.plantsWhynothereme?A.tocome,toseeB.come,tosee C.came,seeingD.come,seeHewishesmemybesthardatEnglish.A.todo,toworkB.doing,workingC.todo,workingD.do,workPleasetellmeher.Ihavesomethingher.A.wheretofind,telling B.wheretofind,totellC.wherecanfind,totell D.wherefinding,tellingHowhappytheyareeachotheragain!A.toseeB.see C.sawD.beingseenTheydecided（决心）alettertheirthanks.A.towrite,expressing（表达）B.writing,expressC.write,expressed D.towrite,toexpressTheofficerordered（命令）himdownarest.A.lying,haveB.tolie,tohaveC.tolie,havingD.lie,hadTheheadmastercalledon（号召）ushardforourcountry.A.towork B.worked C.workD.toworking二.根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idontknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon’tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.（石头）Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.0.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon'tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon'tknowwhatnext.mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I'mverysorrythebadnews.15.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.一、接动得不定式做宾语的动词三个希望两答应(hope,wish,want,agree,promise),两个要求莫拒接(demand,ask,refuse),设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide),不要假装在选择(pretend,choose).(不要)做某事.wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事.trytodosth.试图做某事trydoingsth尝试做某事.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮某人做某事.bebusywithsth.忙于某事=bebusydoingsth..hopetodosth./hope(that)…希望 ..sendsthtosb=sendsbsth 发给某人某物.findsb.doingsth.发现某人正在做某事.rremembertodosth.记得要去做某事T「rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事.forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事[forgetdoingsth.忘记曾经做过某事.plantodosth.计划做某事.sb.pay(s)moneyforsth.某人在某物上花费金钱.sth.cost(s)sb.somemoney某人在某物上花费金钱.liketodo/doingsth.喜欢做某事18.love/likedoingsth喜欢做某事asksbtodosth要求某人做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事wouldliketodosth想要做某事「enjoytodosth_enjoydoingsth享受做某事二、接动词原形或者现在分词的动词practicedoingsth练习做某事makesbdosth使得某人做某事letsbdosth让某人做某事dislikedoingsth不喜欢做某事hatedoing/todosth讨厌做某事keepdoingsth保持一直做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事spend(time)doingsth花时间做某事minddoingsth介意做某事needtodosth需要做某事lookforwardtodoingsth期望做某事14.动词不定式练习：一.根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。Hewassoangrythathecouldn,tsayanything.Hewastooangryanything.Idon,tknowwhenwewillhavethemeeting.Idon,tknowwhenthemeeting.Hesaidhewouldwritealetter.Hesaidhewouldhavealetter.ThatyoureadEnglishinthemorningisveryimportant.ItisveryimportantyouEnglishinthemorning.Hewassostrongthathecouldliftthestone.Hewasstrongthestone.HisfatherwenttoBeijingforhisholiday.HisfatherwenttoBeijinghisholiday.Theygotupearlysothattheycouldgetthereintime.Theygotupearly thereintime.Hisbrotherdecidedthathewouldbuythebook.Hisbrotherdecidedthebook.HehopesthathecanvisittheGreatWall.HehopestheGreatWall.10.Isawhimgointotheroom.Hewasseenintotheroom..Wemadehimworkfivehoursaday.Hewasmadefivehoursaday..Doyouwanttosayanythingforyourself?Doyouhaveanythingforyourself?.Wedon,tknowwhatweshalldonext.Wedon,tknowwhatnext.I,mverysorryonhearingthebadnews.I,mverysorrythebadnews.Hestoppedandhadalookatme.Hestoppedalookatme.IhelpedhimwithhisEnglish.IhelpedhimEnglish..Myfatherpromised（许诺）thathewouldbuymeabike.Myfatherpromisedmeabike..TheboxissoheavythatIcan,tcarryit.Theboxistooheavyme..“Liedown!”theboysaidtohisdog.Theboyorderedhisdogdown..“Don'tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmeanynoise.二.单选：Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producingB.toproduceC.havingproducedD.producedThepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakingB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.nortomakeHelenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheardIdon,tknowwhetheryouhappen,butIamgoingtostudyintheU.S.AthisSeptember.A.tobeheard.B.tobebearingC.tohearD.tohaveheardThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.toldYouweresillynotyourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedTheteacheraskedussomuchnoise.A.don,tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomakeAnarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissuedI’dratherhavearoomofmyown,howeversmallitis,thanaroomwithsomeoneelse.A.toshareB.tohavesharedC.shareD.sharingThebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyesterday.A.robbedB.tohavebeenrobbedC.beingrobbedD.havingbeenrobbedAnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedinafire.A.beingdestroyed B.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyed D.tohavebeendestroyedThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplace B.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplace D.beingtakenplaceAsaresultofmylaziness,Ifailedmyworkintime.A.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinishedIamsorrywrittenyoualetteratthetime.A.tohavenotB.tonothaveC.nottohaveD.nothavingWillyoulendhimamagazine?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.hereadHecoulddonothingbutforthebus.A.wait,tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;came17.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneedrightnow.A.tosolveB.solvingC.beingsolvedD.tobesolvingThere,samanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeanstrouble.A.makingB.tomakeC.tohavemadeD.havingmadeIrememberhimthebikeneeded.A.hearing,saying,torepair B.tohear,say,torepairC.hearing,say,repairing D.tohear,saying,toberepaired---Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.---Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingsoRobertissaidtoabroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyB.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyingI'mgongtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingtoyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuywhenaretheyintheirplan?A.handB.handedC.tohandD.giveInsuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurviveWhenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.

A.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.beingA.tohaveB.tobeC.havingD.beingIlostmywayincompletedarknessand,mattersworse,itbegantorain.A.made B.havingmadeC.makingD.tomakeAttimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyagoodrest.A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking--Areyouastudent?--No,butIused.A.tobeB.towas C.todoD.tobeaIstoppedtolisten,andmysonseemedhimselfinthelivingroom.A.toenjoy,toshut B.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shut D.tohaveenjoyed,havingshutWithalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledWe’releavingatsixo,clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.A.todoB.tohavedoneC.tomakeD.tohavemadeThestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoodC.tounderstandD.understandWhowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.designingItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknow.A.itwhattodowith B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit D.todowhatwithitWearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.toplayD.beplayingAllenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuchShefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearoleinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolivein.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplayingWhenIhandedthereporttoJohn, hesaidthatGeorge wastheperson.A.tosendB.forsending it C.tosenditto D.forsendingit toDoletyourmotherknowallthetruth,sheappearseverything.A.totellB.tobetold C. tobetelling D.tohavebeen toldTherearefivepairs,but I’matalosswhichto buy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosingTheproblemisdifficultforus.A.so;workout B.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkout D.quitetoo,toworkitout---WhereshouldImyapplication?---Thepersonnelofficeistheplace.A.send;tosendit B.sendfor;tosendittoC.sendfor;forsendingit D.send;tosendittoI,veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.expectsD.tobeexpectingIfeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameCanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.askWhodidyouthewallyesterday?A.havepaintedB.havepaintC.havetopaintD.havepainting---What,sthematterwithJohn?---Hedidn,tpassthetestbuthestill.A.hopessoB.hopestoC.hopeitD.hopethatMuchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimproveC.improvingD.toimprovingthateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeD.HisfailureincomingIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneMyfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichisconsideredagreathelpinourworkandstudy.A.tobuy;tobeB.buying;beingC.tobuy;beingD.buying;tobeWiththeplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnofftheirmobilephones.A.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoffThankyouforallthetroubleyou,vetakenme.A.tohelpB.withtohelpC.inhelpingD.ofhelpingHeisbelievedthecollegeexam,forheisnowstudyingveryhardnow.A.topassB.tohavepassedC.pass D.thathecanpass---Willyouhaveanybodytheflowers?——Yes,I’llhavetheflowers.A.plant,planted B.toplant,plantedC.plant;tobeplanted D.toplant,plantTheyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.A.tohearingB.ofhearingC.hearingD.tohearBusytranslatingabook,hecouldn,thelpthearticle.A.writeB.writingC.wroteD.writtenZhouLandoesn,thavetobemade.Shealwaysstudiesveryhard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learningD.learnedthiscake,you,llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.A.Havingmade,B,MakeC.TomakeD.MakingIfeelitanhonourtospeakhere.A.tobeaskedB.toaskC.havingaskedD.askedHeaskedmehereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.camePleasetellhimonthewall.A.don,tdraw B.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdrawHewantedacupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hadI,dlikeawordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.haveIcameheremyuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobeseenThemanrefused（拒绝）backhiswords.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takesIcanletyouoneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadWeoftenheardhiminhisroom.A.tosing B.sings C.sang D.singHewasmadedayandnight.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.workedHestoppedalook,butsawnothing.

A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadA.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.hadMyfatherwastooangryaword.A.tosayB.nottosayC.tosaying D.didn,tsayMybrotherwasoldenoughtoschool.A.wentB.goesC.goingD.togoItistimehimsupper.A.of,tohave B.for,tohaveC.of,havingD.for,tohasIt,sverykindyoume.A.of,tohelpB.for,tohelpC.of,helpD.of,helpingIt,simportantourclassroomcleaneveryday.A.keptB.tokeepC.togiveD.keepBeforeliberation（解放）theyhadnochancetoschool.A.wentB.goC.togoD.tobegoneHesaidhehadanimportantmeeting.A.atte