材料科学与工程专业英语14-Unit 22 biomaterials

材料科学与工程专业英语

SpecialEnglishforMaterialsScienceandEngineeringPart7BiomaterialsUnit22biomateirals:anintroductionAbiomaterialis"anysubstance(otherthandrugs)orcombinationofsubstancessyntheticornaturalinorigin,whichcanbeusedforanyperiodoftime,asawholeorasapartofasystemwhichtreats,augments,orreplacesanytissue,organ,orfunctionofthebody".

Biomaterialsaredefinedbytheirapplication,NOTchemicalmake-upWhatisbiomaterial?Biomaterialscoverallclassesofmaterials–metals,ceramics,polymersUsesofBiomaterials(Examples)Replacediseasedpart–dialysis(透析)Assistinhealing–sutures（缝合线）Improvefunction–contacts（接触镜）Correctfunction–spinalrods（骨钉）Correctcosmetic–nose,earAiddiagnosis–probeReplacedead-skinHowmanydifferenttypesofbiomaterialsareinusetoday?TheFDAregulates100,000differentproductsthatrepresentatleast1,700DifferentTypesofBiomedicalDevices.Biomaterial:生物材料Physiologically:生理学地Suture：缝合线Catheter：导尿管导管Pharmacologically:药理学地Biologicalmaterial:生物来源材料Artery：动脉Artificialmaterial:人造材料人工材料Artificiallimb:假肢WordsWordsbiomaterialsBiological

materialsImplantmaterialsInteraction

Biocompatibility:生物相容性Recipient:接受者Competency:能力Femur：股骨Nontoxic:无毒的Nonallergenic:不会引起过敏的Nonimmunogenic:不产生免疫排斥的Noncarcinogenic:不致癌的Degradation:降解WordsQuestionWhatarethesuccessofanimplanthighlydependenton?Invivo:体内的Invitro:体外的Equivalent:相等的，相当的Legislation：立法法规Biomaterialsrequirements:Acute(急性)systemictoxicityCytotoxicity：细胞毒性Hemolysis：溶血Intravenoustoxicity：静脉内毒性Mutagenicity：诱变性Oraltoxicity：口服毒性Pyrogenicity：热原Sensitization：感光性增强WordsRecordkeeping:保持纪录GoodManufacturingPractices：GMPSterilize：消毒，灭菌Package：包装Ethyleneoxide：环氧乙烷WordsBiomechanics：生物力学FEM/FEA:finite-elementmodeling/analysis有限元模型/分析Prosthesis:假体WordsRPCrawford,CECannandTMKeaveny.Bone,volume33,pp744-750,2003Microsphere:微球Encapsulation：包封Dosage：剂量Sensor：传感器Probe：探针WordsJournalofColloidandInterfaceScience,Volume376,Issue1,15June2012,Pages97-106

MaterialsLetters,Volume79,15July2012,Pages222-224

BroadClassification-TypesofBiomaterialsceramicsmetalspolymers,syntheticandnaturalcompositesMaterialScienceLogictransplantation：移植Kidney：肾Dialyzer：透析仪Filtration：过滤Ethical：伦理的WordsTissueengineer