永恒主义新新

永恒主义

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lismerenniaReadingisabasictoolinthelivingofagoodlife.

——MortimerJ.AdlerDefinitionBackgroundRepresentativesWhatIsthePurposeofEducation?WhatKonwledgeIsofMostWorth?WhoShouldDecideWhatIsofValue?WhatShouldBeIncludeintheCurriculum?WhatIsTheRoleofaTeacher?HowShouldStudentsBeTreated?PerennialismTodayDefinition[perennial:referstosomethingthatisrecurring.]Perennialistsvieweducationasthediscoveryandteachingofthoseunderlyingandunchangingtruths.Perennialistsemphasizecultivatingreasonandtheintellect.PerennialistscontendthatWesternsocietylostitswayseveralcenturiesago.Theydecrywhattheyseeasatrendforsocietytorelyonexperimentalscienceandtechnology-developmenttheyfeardivertsattentionawayfromenduringtruthBackgroundRepresentatives(Robert·M·Hutehins)赫钦斯(MortimerJ.Adler)艾德勒WhatIsthePurposeofEducation?Preparingindividualstobeparticipatingmembersofsocietywhocancopewithchangeisviewedasbestaccomplishedbydevelopingtheintellect.--toensurestudentsacquireunderstandingsaboutthegreatideasofWesterncivilization.--toteacheternaltruthsthatcanbeappliedtoanyproblem.--tocultivatetherationalintellect

Perennialistsviewkonwledgeasunchanging,theyseetheclassicsofWesterncivilizationascontainingthosegreattruthsthatshouldbetaught.Theyvalueknowledgethatwillchallengethestudentstodevelopintellectualskill.WhoShouldDecideWhatIsofValue?Whatisofvalueislefttotradition.theclassicsisthekonwledgeofmostvalue.palcehighvalueonsubjectsuchasphilosophy,history,literature,theclassics,andmathematics.

WhatKonwledgeIsofMostWorth?.WhatShouldBeIncludeintheCurriculum?Perennialists

recommendthatstudentslearndirectlyfromreadingandanalyzingtheGreatBooks.

ForthePerennialist,agreateducationisastudyoftheclassics.

永恒学科理智训练的内容：哲学、文学、历史理智训练的方法：数学、科学、艺术进行理智训练的工具：读、写、算、拉丁语和希腊语

课程指导计划大学课程—“名著”

1.它是实现教育目的的最好途径。2.名著的定向都是概念的、理论的，从任何意义上讲，它都不是技术的，应用的。3.读书本身就是一种很好的理智的训练。不读这些名著，就不能理解当代世界。

小学课程读、写、算的基本训练，养成道德习惯。熟记古典著作中的个别部分。

HowShouldStudentsBeTreated?

Thedemandingcurriculumfocusesonattainingculturalliteracy,stressingstudents'growthinenduringdisciplines.--tocultivatetheintellect.--tohelpstudentsthinkdeeplyandanalytically.--tobringthemintocontactwithgreatideas.--toencounterthesamecurriculumwithnoelectives.APerennialistteacherholdsfasttoaconstantcurriculumandholdsfasttoconcretematerialsthatdefinewhatheorshewillteach(ratherthanassessingtheclassandmeetingthestudents'needs).--educatedintheliberalarts--anauthorityfigure;--disseminatorofthetruth--a“directorofmentalcalisthenics”--anintellectualcoachWhatIsTheRoleofaTeacher?PerennialismToday

CriticsviewPerennialismasabackwardlookingapproachthatignorestherealitiesofthecontemporaryworld.

Inaddition,theyseePerennialismas