新概念第二册20课

Onemaninaboat独坐孤舟catchv.抓到

v.捉住，逮住，捕获Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Haveyoucaughtanyfishtoday?catch的一些固定用法catchacold染上感冒catchone'sbreath摒住呼吸catchsightof=see看见catchfire着火catchone'seyes吸引某人注意力catchthebus：赶车-----missthebus错过车catchphrase标语，引人注意的句子★fishermann.钓鱼人，渔民fish→fisherman(pl.fishermen)1)fish鱼（pl.)单复数同形Theycaughtmanyfishthatmorning.2)fishes不同种类的鱼HestudiesthefishesintheIndianOcean.drinklikeafish牛饮anoddfish奇怪的家伙fishingintroubledwater浑水摸鱼fishforcompliments沽名钓誉

Itisjustlikeafish'sdrinkingwater,itknowsthewarmthorcoolness.

如鱼饮水，冷暖自知。

★bootn.靴子apairofbootshaveone’sheartinone’sboots极为悲观消沉haveone’sheartinone’smouth极为恐惧boots长筒靴rubberboots橡胶长靴runningshoes跑鞋tennisshoes网球鞋leathershoes皮鞋sandles凉鞋slipper拖鞋loafer平底便鞋sneakers轻便运动鞋(Am.)★realizev.意识到realadj.真的→realizev.意识到→realityn.现实1）认识到，意识到（不用于被动语态，不用于进行时态，人做主语。）realize(=beawareof)one'smistakeherealizedthathewaslying.2)v.实现（计划等）（可用于主动，也可用于被动）

realizeone'shope/dream/planHerealizedhisdreamatlast.→Hisdreamwasrealizedatlast.Herworstfearswererealized.★wastevt./n.浪费1)wastevt.浪费Youarewastingtime.Don’twasteyourtime,moneyandenergy.2)wasten.浪费awasteof对…的浪费Itisawasteoftime/money/feeling/food.gotowaste变成废物wasteaway(人，体力）衰弱wastebasket废纸篓（美）wastepaperbasket废纸篓（英）【课文讲解】Fishingismyfavouritesport.动词＋ing(动名词)：做主语favouriteadj.最喜欢的无比较级，最高级RedandBlackismyfavouritebook.n.心爱的人(物)，最喜爱的东西Thatsongisoneofhisfavourites.Sheisheraunt’sfavourite.

Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.withoutprep.没有prep+n./v.-ing/pron.Hewentoutwithoutsayinganything.Hewentoutandhedidn’tsayanything.

Butthisdoesnotworryme.worryv.使…担心worrysb.使…担心困扰某人Mylittledaughterworriedmealot.beworriedabout对…感到担心

beanxiousabout:veryworriedIwasworriedaboutmylittledaughter.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.

insteadof不做…而做…insteadof后面的词一定是没有做的，可以放在主句后面without强调没有做某件事，insteadof强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事我原准备做……但是后来做了……Igotoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.Iboughtbooksinsteadofbuyingdresses.insteadof+n./pron./v.-ingrubbishn.垃圾apileofrubbishaheapofrubbisheg.Don’ttalkrubbish.别说废话了。garbage1)（厨房里的）菜屑碎肉，残羹剩肴，垃圾(Am.)

2)（口）不足取的东西，愚蠢的想法garbagecan垃圾桶(Am.)dustbin(Br.)garbagecollector垃圾收集清洁员dustman(Br.)garbagetruck垃圾车dustcart(Br.)

Iamevenlesslucky.even甚至more/lessluckyless+原级(消极比较级):Aisless...thanBA比B更不...Iamlesshappythanbefore.Thisstoryislessinterestingthanthatone.notso/as...as不及，不如Iamnotsohappyasbefore.Thisstoryisnotsointerestingasthatone.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.

after(conj.)+从句，从句主语必须是主句的主语才能换成下面一种形式after(prep.)+名词／动词的ing形式AfterIgotoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.Aftergoingtoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.Afterthestudentshandedintheirpapers,theteacherleft.

spendtime/money/energyonsth.spendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth.'Youmustgiveupfishing!'myfriendssay.'It'sawasteoftime.'

giveupgiveupfishing/smoking/fightinggiveout分发，发出；公布，发表；用尽，精疲力竭givein

v.屈服；让步；交上giveaway

泄露；分发；出卖it’s与its的区别it’s是主系表结构，its是形容词物主代词It’sacoldday.Itisrainingtoo.Thecatdrankitsmilk.Thisenginehaslostitspower.I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall!beinterestedinsth./doingsth.Eeresting令人感兴趣的（一般物做主语）Fishingisnotinteresting.excited/excitingsurprised/surprisingdisappointed/disappointingsitinaboat坐在船上beinthesameboat同舟共济burnone’sboatbehindoneself破釜沉舟rocktheboats（因意见不同）搅局捣乱misstheboat错失良机notatall在否定句中起强调作用根本不Thereisnothingtoeatatall.Idon’tlikethatrudefellowatall.关键句型—动名词1）动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式；2）v.+ing形式;3)它在句中起名词的作用，可单独或引起短语作主语，表语，动词宾语，或介词的宾语以及定语。）

V-ing形式作主语往往表示抽象、笼统的动作或泛指某动作或行为。如：

a.)Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit. b.)FishingisTom’sfavoritehobby. c.)Cryingoverspiltmilkisnouse. d.)Arguingwithhimisawasteoftime.Subject注：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：

动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(抽象)Herealizedthattogoonlikethiswasnouse.(具体)

在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换：

a.当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.b.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：It’snousedoing…It’snogooddoing…It’sawasteoftimedoing…例如：It’snousegoingtheretoday;hewon’tbeathome.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.

而在It’simportant…/It’snecessary…/It’sessential…/It’sfitting…这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：It’simportanttolearnforeignlanguages.It’squitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.2)V-ing形式作宾语

a.)Shesattherewithoutspeaking. b.)Davidisinterestedindriving.

c.)DoyoumindturningontheTV? d.)Bettyenjoyslisteningtopopmusic.Object★

能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,mind等，如：Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,can’tafford等。

B.

在need,want,deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：Thedoorneedsoiling/tobeoiled.