人教课标版必修一M1U4-1

Unit4

Earthquakes地震像刮风、下雨、闪电、山崩、火山爆发一样，是地球上经常发生的一种自然现象。当大的地震发生时，它经常给我们带来生命的伤亡和财物的损失。让我们细读下文，对地震作进一步的了解吧。Anearthquakeisashakingofthegroundcausedbythesuddenbreakingandshifting1oflargesectionsofEarth'srockyoutershell.Earthquakesareamongthemostpowerfuleventsontheearth，andtheirresultscanbeterrifying.Asevereearthquakemayreleaseenergy10,000timesasgreatasthatofthefirstatomicbomb.Rockmovementsduringanearthquakecanmakeriverschangetheircourse.Earthquakescantrigger(引发)landslides2thatcausegreatdamageandlossoflife.Largeearthquakesbeneaththeoceancancreateaseriesofhuge，destructive3wavescalledtsunamis(海啸)thatfloodcoastsformanymiles.Earthquakesalmostneverkillpeopledirectly.Instead，manydeathsandinjuriesinearthquakesresultfromfallingobjectsandthecollapseofbuildings，bridgesandotherstructures.Fireresultingfrombrokengasorpowerlinesisanothermajordangerduringaquake.Spillsofhazardouschemicals(危险的化学品)arealsoaconcernduringanearthquake.Theforceofanearthquakedependsonhowmuchrockbreaksandhowfaritshifts.Powerfulearthquakescanshakefirmgroundviolentlyforgreatdistances.Duringminorearthquakes，thevibrationmaybenogreaterthanthevibrationcausedbyapassingtruck.Onaverage，apowerfulearthquakeoccurslessthanonceeverytwoyears.Atleast40moderateearthquakescausedamagesomewhereintheworldeachyear.About40,000to50,000smallearthquakes—largeenoughtobefeltbutnotdamaging—occurannually.ReadthetextandtrytotellifthesesentencesareTrue(T)orFalse(F)．1．Largeearthquakescancauseaseriesofhuge，destructivewavescalledtsunamis.(

)2．Earthquakescandirectlymakepeoplelosetheirlives.(

)3．Thevibrationofaminorearthquakemaybeassmallasthatcausedbyapassingtruck.(

)4．Thereareearthquakeshappeningallovertheworldeveryyear.(

)F

T

T

F

词海拾贝1．shift/ʃIft/v.变换，转换2．landslide/'lændslaId/n.山崩3．destructive/dI'strʌktIv/adj.破坏(性)的，危害的Ⅰ.阅读理解1．FastReading：Scanthetextandchoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext. ①ThefirstsentenceinParagraph1impliesthat________. A．thesurvivorsdidn'tthinktoomuchofitSectionⅠ

WarmingUp&ReadingB．thesurvivorsweremadetolosetheirsensesbythesuddenbigearthquakeC．thesurvivorsdidn'trealizeinsuchabriefinstantthatitwasaterribleearthquakeD．thesurvivorsdidn'tthinkanearthquakecouldbringsuchgreatdamage②Howmanysignsaregiventhatsuggestanearthquakewouldhappeninthefirstparagraph?A．Five. B．Nine.C．Twelve. D．Seven.③Thesecondandthirdparagraphsaremainlyabout________.A．thegreatlosstheearthquakebroughttoTangshanB．thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredC．whenandwhereanearthquakehappenedD．thecauseofthebigearthquakeinTangshan④Thetitle“Anighttheearthdidn'tsleep”means___________.A．theearthwasawakeallnightlongB．peopleontheearthcouldn'tfallasleepthatnightC．anearthquakehappenedthatnightD．animalsontheearthwouldnotsleepthatnight⑤Whatisthemoodofthispassage?A．Sad. B．Serious.C．Seriousandsad. D．Calm.答案1.①C②B③A④C⑤C2．CarefulReading：Readthetextcarefullyandtrytomasterthestructureofthetext.PartEventsSignsbeforetheearthquake(Paragraph1)①________werehappeninginTangshan.Forafewdays,waterinthewells②________；Fromthecracksofwells,③________cameout;Mice,chickens,pigsandevenfishbecame④________；Thewaterpipescrackedandburst.Butpeople⑤________them.PartEventsDamagecausedbyearthquake(Paragraphs2～3)Theearthquake⑥________thecityandshockedthepeople.At3：42a.m．，everythingbeganto⑦________.Itseemedthattheworldwasatan⑧________.One­thirdofthenation⑨________it.Ahuge⑩________cutacrossthecity.Thecitylay⑪________.Two­thirdsofthepeople⑫________orwereinjured.Rescueaftertheearthquake(Paragraph4)Soldiersweresentto⑬________thosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Workersbuilt⑭________forsurviorswhosehomeshadbeen⑮________.答案①Strangethings

②roseandfell

③asmellygas④nervous

⑤thoughtlittleof

⑥destroyed

⑦shake

⑧end

⑨felt

⑩crack

⑪inruins

⑫died

⑬digout⑭shelters

⑮destroyedⅡ.短文填词Atabout3：00a．m.onJuly28,1976，peopleinthecityofTangshanwereasleepas__1__withoutthinkingmuchofthestrangesignsoftheearthquake.At3：42a．m.everythingbeganto__2__.Thegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturybeganelevenkilometers__3__belowthecity.ItwasfeltinBeijing，whichistwohundredkilometers__4__.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Two­thirdsofthepeoplediedorwere__5__duringtheearthquake.Thesurvivorscouldn'tbelieveitwasnatural.Nearlyeverythingwas__6__.Mostofthebuildingswere__7__，andmanyfarmanimalsdied.Thenlaterthatafternoon，__8__bigquakeshookTangshan.Someofthe__9__workersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Allhopewasnotlost.Thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshan.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Slowly，thecitybeganto__10__again.答案1.usual

2.shake

3.directly

4.away

5.injured6．destroyed

7.gone

8.another

9.rescue

10.breatheⅢ.阅读表达1．Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowing? However，allthecitizensignoredthestrangethingsandwenttobedasifnothinghadhappenedthatnight. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________2．Whatdoes“them”inParagraph3referto? _______________________________________________

Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity，whothought

littleoftheseevents，wereasleepasusualthatnight.Bricksontheground.3．Whywaswaterhardtogetaftertheearthquake? ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________Becausethewellswerefilledwithsandinsteadofwaterand

thewaterpipescrackedandburst.Ⅳ.教材研读一、重点单词熟记1．____________n．地震2．________v．爆裂，爆发n．突然破裂，爆发3．________n．百万4．________n．事件，大事5．________n．民族；国家；国民6．________n．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；破产7．__________n．苦难；痛苦8．________adj.极度的9．________vt.损害；伤害earthquake

burst

million

event

nation

ruin

suffering

extreme

injure

10．destroyvt.________________________11．trackn．________________________12．uselessadj.________________________13．shockvt.&vi.________________14．rescuen．&vt.________________15．trapvt.____________n．________________16．electricityn．________________________17．disastern．________________18．buryvt.________________________19．minen．________________________20．sheltern．________________________破坏；毁坏；消灭

轨道；足迹；痕迹

无用的；无效的；无益的

(使)震惊；震动

援救；营救

陷阱；困境

使陷入困境；电；电流；电学

灾难，灾祸

掩葬；掩埋；隐藏

矿；矿山；矿井

掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处

二、重点短语探究1．____________立刻；马上2．____________太……而不能……3．____________仿佛；好像4．____________结束；终结5．thinklittleof________________________6．inruins__________________7．cutacross________________8．digout____________9．tothenorthof...________________10．a(great)numberof_____________rightaway

too...to...

asif

atanend

几乎不考虑；对……不重视

严重受损；破败不堪横切；穿过

掘出；发现

在……的北面

许多，大量的

三、教材佳句背诵1．Itseemed________theworldwasatanend. 似乎世界末日来临了。2．____________theylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed. 人们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。3．________hopewas________lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。asif

Everywhere

All

not

1．rightaway立刻；马上 (教材原句)Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.(P25) 想像你们家开始震动并且你们必须马上离开它。【归纳拓展】rightaway的同义词汇有：rightnow；atonce；immediately；innotimeI'llreturnthebooktoyourightnow.我会马上还书给你。Ifwarbreaksout，weshallbecalledupatonce.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。【即境活用】完成句子①Ifyou________________(立刻出发)，youwillbeabletomeetyouridol.②Iwant__________________(立刻把它打印出来)，please.setoffrightaway

ittypedrightaway

2．Inthefarmyards，thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.(P26)农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不想进食。 本句中的toonervoustoeat意为“太紧张而不能吃东西”，表示否定意义。此用法的基本结构：too＋adj./adv.＋todo，表示“太……而不能……，太……而无法……”。 Beingtoonervous，theyweretooanxioustoleave. 由于太紧张，他们急于离开。 Iamtoobusytogowithyou.我太忙不能同你一起去。点津：(1)当too＋adj.＋todo结构中的形容词为anxious，easy，eager，kind，glad，happy，ready，willing，delighted时，该结构表示肯定意义。(2)当too前有only，but，all等词时，only(but，all)too相当于very。(3)若too...to...结构与否定副词not/never连用，即not/nevertoo...to...时，意为无论……都不过分。Ishallbeonlytoopleasedtogethome.我回到家里将非常高兴。It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老学到老。【即境活用】—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden，acarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.A．enough B．veryC．so D．tooD3．burstvi.爆裂；爆发n．突然破裂；爆发 (教材原句)Inthecity，thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.(P26)在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。 点津：burst的过去式及过去分词分别为burst，burst。 Thedamofthebigriverburstbecauseoftheheavyrain. 由于大雨，这条大河的堤坝决口了。Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。Withaburstoflaughter，WangXifengburstintotheroom，whoseflattering(谄媚的)wordsmadeMrs.Jiaburstwithjoy.随着一阵笑声，王熙凤一阵风似地走进了房间，她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。【即境活用】完成句子①________________(暴风雨突然袭来)andweallgotwet.②He__________________(闯进房间)withoutknockingatthedoor.Thestormburst

burstintotheroom4．asif仿佛；好像 (教材原句)Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！(P26)世界似乎到了末日！ Itlooksasifastormwouldcomesoon. 暴风雨好像快要来啦。 Heraisedhishandasiftocommandsilence. 他举起手来似乎要命令大家安静下来。 Hetalksasifheweretired.他说话的时候好像很累。点津：asif＝asthough用法用在seem，look等系动词之后引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句。asif引导从句有时可用虚拟语气从句表达的情况与过去事实相反时，从句谓语要用过去完成时。从句表达的情况与现在事实相反时，从句谓语要用一般过去时。但是如果从句表达的是客观事实，则从句谓语要用陈述语气。asif也可与动词不定式连用，意为“似乎要做某事”。【即境活用】完成句子①Itseems____________________(他好像在做梦)．②Shetreatshim_____________________(好像他是一个陌生人)．③Heopenedhismouth___________________(好像要说什么)．asifheweredreaming

asifhewereastranger

asiftosaysomething

5．atanend结束，终结 Thewarwasatanend.战争结束了。 Hewentonspendingfreelyuntilhismoneywasatanend. 他继续大把地花钱直到用完为止。【辨析】atanend意为“结束；终结”，在句中多用作表语。attheendof...意为“在……的尽头；在……末”。intheend意为“最后，终于”。bytheendof意为“到……末为止”，常用于完成时中。cometoanend意为“结束”，常用作谓语。【即境活用】选词填空(atanend/attheendof/bytheendof/intheend)①HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearned_____________lastterm?②Hebecameanoutstandingdoctor___________.③MyunclewillflytoChina______________thisyear.④Myholidayis__________andImustgobacktoworksoon.bytheendof

intheend

attheendof

atanend

6．ruinn．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产 (教材原句)Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.(P26)在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉陷在一片废墟之中。【归纳拓展】(1)beinruins成为废墟comeintoruins毁灭，成为废墟betheruinof成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因(2)ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉Drinkingwashisfather'sruinanditwillbetheruinofhimtoo!喝酒毁了他父亲，也会毁了他！Heavysmokingruinedhishealth.吸烟过度毁坏了他的健康。Thefloodruinedallthehouseshere.洪水使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。【辨析】ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。destroy常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的“破坏”、“毁坏”，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。【即境活用】选词填空(ruin/damage/destroy)①Thebuildingsherewere___________inthebigearthquake.②He________hisprospects(前途)becauseofhiscarelessness.③Smokingcanseverely________yourhealth.destroyed

ruined

damage

7．injurevt.损害；伤害 (教材原句)Two­thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.(P26) 他们当中有三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。【归纳拓展】(1)injuryn．伤；伤口；伤害doaninjurytosb伤害某人(2)injuredadj.受伤的；受委屈的theinjured伤员Hesufferedseriousinjuriestoarmsandlegs.他的胳膊和腿都受了重伤。Theinjuredweretakentothehospital.受伤者都被送进了医院。【辨析】injure多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害。wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤。hurt多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛。harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害，损害，有害于”，常用短语doharmto“对……有害”。【导图助记】【即境活用】用injure/wound/hurt/harm的适当形式填空①Thesoldierwas__________inthearminthewar.②Shewas________slightlyinanaccidentduringthework.③Iwasverymuch________athiswords.④Thisbrightlightwilldogreat________toyoureyes.wounded

injured

hurt

harm

8．Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleftwithoutparents.(P26)成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。 此句为并列句，其中“...wereleftwithoutparents”是一个被动结构，withoutparents是介词短语，作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。其主动形式应为leavemanychildrenwithoutparents，即leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语。思考：思考下列各句中的画线部分，并总结在“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一用法中，除了“介词短语”可充当“补足语”之外，还可用什么充当此成分？①Didyouleavethewindowopen?②Attheageofthreehismotherdied，leavinghimanorphan.③Sheleftmewaitingintherainforanhour.④Theyfinishedtheirdinner，leavingthedishuntouched.思考提示：还可用形容词，名词，v.­ing，v.­ed等来充当宾语补足语。【即境活用】—Whydidyougobacktotheshop?—Ileftmyfriend________there.A．waiting B．towaitC．wait D．waits解析句意：——你为何回商店去了？——我让朋友在那儿等着我呢。leavesbdoing表示“使某人处于某种状态”，宾语myfriend与动词wait之间为主动关系，故选A。答案A9．destroyvt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 (教材原句)Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.(P26)他们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。 Theheavystormsdestroyedagoodpartofourcrops. 几场暴风雨把我们的大部分庄稼都毁坏了。 Allhishopesweredestroyed.他的希望都破灭了。【归纳拓展】destructionn．毁灭；破坏destructiveadj.破坏(性)的；毁灭(性)的【即境活用】Theflood________allthebridges，sowehadtogetthereonlybyboat.(2013·济南高一检测)A．destroyed B．injuredC．harmed D．hurtA10．shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊 (教材原句)Peoplewereshocked.(P26)人们惊呆了。 【归纳拓展】 (1)ashockto...使……吃惊 (2)shockedadj.感到震惊的 shockingadj.令人震惊的 beshockedtodosth做某事很震惊 beshockedat...对……感到震惊Theviolenceintheprogramshockedmanyoftheviewers.节目中的暴力场面使许多观众感到震惊。Hisdeathwasagreatshocktousall.他的死使我们大家都大为震惊。Theywereshockedtohearthenews.他们听到那消息很震惊。点津：shockedadj.“感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和感受；shockingadj.“令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。【即境活用】用shock的适当形式填空Peoplewere________toseethattheroomoftheoldcouplefellintoadeephole.The__________news__________allthepeoplearound，whichwasalsoagreat________topeoplealloverthecountry.shocked

shocking

shocked

shock

11．trapvt.使陷入困境n．陷阱；困境 trapsbintosth/doingsth诱使某人做…… betrappedin困在……中；陷在……中 settrapstodosth设置陷阱做……Thepolicetrappedhimintotellingthetruth.警察设圈套使他讲出实情。Manywomenaretrappedinlovelessmarriages.许多妇女陷入没有爱情的婚姻之中而无法摆脱。Thefarmersetstrapstocatchtherats.农民放置了许多捕鼠器捕捉老鼠。【即境活用】完成句子①They________________(被困在)theburningbuildingwhiletheywereshopping.②Hewassosmartthathe_____________________________________(诱使很多人相信他)．w