全国卷2019届高考英语一轮复习Unit2Workingtheland课时作业新人教版必修4doc

Unit2WorkingthelandⅠ.阅读理解ABritishshoppersbuy2.15milliontonnesofclothingandshoesannually，yetUKcitizenshaveanestimated￡30billionworthofunusedclothinggatheringdustatthebackofthewardrobe(衣柜)．Butnewtechnologycouldseetheendofthat，withthegarmentsthemselvesgivingownersagentlereminderoftheirexistence.“Smartclothes”couldhelpusclearoutourwardrobesbysendingmessagesortweetingusiftheyhaven'tbeenwornforagoodwhile.Ifthesealertsareignored，thegarmentswillgetintouchwithaclothingcharityandasktobereused，withanorganizationautomaticallysendingoutdonationinformation.Theycouldalsobeprogrammedtoputthemselvesupforauction(拍卖)oneBay.AcademicsatBirminghamCityUniversityaredevelopingthe“connectedwardrobe”toencouragemoresuitableclothesconsumption.Theconceptseesgarmentstagged(给加标签)usingwashablecontactlesstechnology.MarkBrill，seniorlectureratBirminghamCityUniversity，said，“Thinkofthesurprisewhenanownersuddenlyreceivesbidsforitemsthattheydidn'tknowwereintheirwardrobe.”“Theconnectedwardrobeisapractical，pleasantconcepttoencouragepeopletothinkabouttheirclothingconsumption.Finally，Ihopeitwillencouragemoreappropriatefashionconsumption，”headded.“Perhapswecanevenmoveawayfromtheideaof‘ownershipof’clothing.Whenwe'vewornthemenough，theitemswillpassthemselvesontotheirnextkeeper.”Itfollowsinthefootstepsofthe“InternetofThings”—aconceptthatseesordinaryhouseholditemsconnectingtotheInternetinordertoshareinformation.Fromadjustingyouralarmclocktomonitoringthetemperatureofyourhome，theInternetischangingthewaywelive.Now，the“InternetofClothes”willseethatneglectedgarmentswilltweetandtexttheowners“asking”tobeworndependingontheweatherandfrequencyofwear.Clotheswillkeeptrackofotherinformationsuchaswhoownedthempreviously，aswellashowmuchtheyoriginallycost，whomadethemandhowmuchtheworkerwaspaidforthem.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新式的“智能衣服”“智能衣柜”，而这一科技发明能够帮助人们更好地管理自己的衣服，建立正确的花费观点。1．Whatdoestheauthorsayabout

“smartclothes？

”A．TheymaybedonatedoneBay.B．Theyhavegainedinpopularity.C．Theygivewarningsifwornout.D．Theymayberecyclediflongforgotten.解析：推理判断题。综合文章内容特别是第一段中的

“unusedclothinggatheringdustatthebackofthewardrobe(衣柜)”和第二段中的“‘Smartclothescouldhelpusclearoutour...iftheyhaven'tbeenwornforagoodwhilebereused”可推知，“智能衣服”会在被放置许久时发信息提示主人，假如主人不

’

”“askt搭理这样的提示，那么“智能衣服”就会和慈善组织联系，要求被从头使用。应选D。答案：D2．HowdoesMarkBrillfindthe“connectedwardrobe？”A．Ithelpspeoplebuycheaperclothes.B．Itcontributestorightconsumptionattitudes.C．Itchangespeople'sshoppinghabits.D．Itimprovespeople'sconsumerconfidence.解析：细节理解题。依据第三段中的“‘theconnectedwardrobe’toencouragemoresuitableclothesconsumption及第”四段中的“Theconnectedwardrobeisapractical，pleasantconcepttoencouragepeopletothinkabouttheirclothingconsumption.Finally，Ihopeitwillencouragemoreappropriatefashionconsumption”可知，MarkBrill以为“智能衣柜”有助于激励人们建立正确的花费观。应选B。答案：B3．Whatisindicatedinthelastparagraph?A．Clothescanbeasourceofinformation.B．Weatheraffectstheconnectedwardrobe.C．Clothesaresoldonlineatalowprice.D．TheInternetisaplatformtoshareitems.解析：推理判断题。依据最后一段中的“Clotheswillkeeptrackofotherinformationsuchaswhoownedthempreviously，aswellashowmuchtheyoriginallycost...可知，”衣服能够成为信息的根源。应选A。答案：A4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetothenewtechnology?A．Critical.B．Uninterested.C．Approving.D．Skeptical.解析：作者态度题。纵观全文可知，作者在文中介绍了一项新的科技发明——新式的“智能衣服”“智能衣柜”，要点表达了该科技发明对人们有什么利处，由此可推知，作者对这类新科技是持同意的态度的。应选C。答案：CBWhiletheworldisstilldebatingthesafetyofself-drivingcars，Dubaiispreparingtolaunchanautonomousflyingtaxi.StartinginJuly，theworld'sfirstpassengerdrone(无人机)，theEHANG184，willbeavailabletopassengers.Theshuttle，releasedinLasVegasinJanuary2016，weighs440poundsandcanflyatheightsofupto11,500feet.Theegg-shapedvehiclehasroomforasinglepassengerweighingupto220poundsandasmallsuitcase.Thoughtheflyingtaxicanreachspeedsofupto100mph，itwilltypicallyoperateatabout62mph.Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.Passengersstrapintotheseat，selectadestinationonthetouchscreen，andenjoytheflight.Toensurethepassenger'ssafety，allflightsaremonitoredremotelybyacontrolroomontheground.Intheunlikelyeventthatanyofthecomponentsmalfunctionordisconnect，thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomer'ssafety.It'salsoprogrammedtoensureitsroutewon'taffectthatofanotherdrone.Whilehavingnocontrolovertheremotelypilotedvehiclemayappearscary，theproducer，China-basedEHANG，says，“Itisthesafest，smartestandeco-friendlylowaltitudeautonomousflyingvehicle.”Anydrawback？TheEHANG184hasabatterylifeof30minutesandaflightrangeofjust31miles.Alsounknownisthecostofeachride.Thoughtheflyingtaxiseemsadvanced，itisnotthefirstdriverlesstransportationoptionavailabletoDubai'sresidents.Aspartofitsgoaltohave25%ofthepublictransportationautomatedby2030，theauthoritieshavebuilttheworld'slongestdriverlessmetroandintroducedself-navigatingshuttles.OfficialsrecentlyalsopartneredwithaUScompanytobuildsupersonicspeedpodstocarrypassengersbetweenDubaiandAbuDhabi.[语篇解读

]

本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种迪拜正准备投入使用的自动驾驶低空飞翔器——EHANG184。5．Whatcanwelearnabouttheflyingtaxi?A．Apassengercancallforaflyingtaxionline.B．Itcancarryaweightof220poundsatmost.C．Apassengercantouchthescreentocontrolit.D．Itusuallyfliesataspeedof100milesanhour.解析：细节理解题。依据第三段的第一句“Passengerscanaskfortheflyingtaxitopickthemupfromappointedzonesusingasmartphoneapp.可知，乘”客能够使用智好手机中的软件在指定地方乘坐EHANG184。故A项正确。答案：A6．Howcantheshuttleguaranteethepassenger'ssafetyinanequipmentfailure?A．Itlowersitsflyingspeed.B．Itchangestoanotherroute.C．Itgetshelpfromthecontrolroom.D．It'sprogrammedtolandautonomously.解析：细节理解题。依据第四段第一句中的“thedronewillmakeanemergencylandingtoensurethecustomer'ssafety

可知，当”遇到紧迫状况时，该飞翔器能够自动着陆，以保证乘客的安全。故

D项正确。答案：D7．WhatisthedrawbackoftheEHANG184?A．It'stooscarytorideinit.B．Itcostsalottotakearide.C．Itrunsoutofpowereasily.D．Itonlyfliesatalowaltitude.解析：细节理解题。依据第四段中的“TheEHANG184hasabatterylifeof30minutesandaflightrangeofjust3lmiles可知，EHANG”184只好连续航行30分钟。故C项正确。答案：C[搅乱项解析]依据第二段第一句中的“weighs440poundsandcanflyatheightsofupto11,500feet可知，”EHANG184的飞翔高度可达11500英尺，故D项错误；A、B项文中没有说起。8．WhichofthefollowingmakestheEHANG184?A．AcompanyinDubai.B．AChinesecompany.C．AcompanyinAbuDhabi.D．AnAmericancompany.解析：细节理解题。依据第四段第三句中的

“theproducer

，China-basedEHANG，says”可知，该空中飞翔器是由中国的一家企业制造的。故

B项正确。答案：BⅡ.完形填空Amarinebiologistplacedasharkintoalargeholdingtankandthenreleasedseveralsmallbaitfishintothetank.Theresultmetyour1，thesharkquicklyswamacrossthetank，attackedandatethesmallerfish.Thebiologistthen2astrongpieceoffiberglassintothetank，creatingtwo3parts.Shethenputthesharkononesideofthe4fiberglassandanewsetofbaitfishontheother.5，thesharkquicklyattacked.Butthistime，theshark6becauseitknockedhardagainstthefiberglass7.Determined，thesharkkept8thisbehavioreveryfewminutes，but9.Meanwhile，thebaitfishswamaround10inthesecondpart.Eventually，theshark11hopeofhunting.Thisexperimentwascarriedoutseveraltimes.Eachtime，thesharkgotless12andmadefewerattemptstoattackthefish，untilit13hittingthefiberglassandsimplystoppedattacking.Thebiologistthen14thefiberglass，butthesharkdidn'tattack.Thesharkwastrainedtobelievea15existedbetweenitandthebaitfish，16thebaitfishcouldswimwherevertheywished，freefromharm.Manyofus，afterexperiencingsetbacksandfailures，17giveupandstoptrying.Likethesharkinthestory，webelievethat18wewereunsuccessfulinthepast，wewillalwaysbeunsuccessful.19，evenwhenno“real”obstacleexistsbetweenwhereweareandwherewewanttogo，we20seeobstaclesinourheads.[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一位大海生物学家做了一个小实验，作者由这个实验发出感想：我们中的很多人经历过挫折和失败后，会从感情上选择放弃，并停止试一试。1．A.demandsB．expectationsC．schedulesD．requirements解析：实验结果在你的猜想(expectations)之中。demand“要求，需求”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；requirement要“求，必需条件”。答案：B2．A.changedB．addedC．insertedD．crashed解析：此后这位生物学家把一块牢固的玻璃纤维插入(inserted)这个水箱里，制造出两个分开的部分。add“增添”，常与介词to搭配使用。答案：C3．A.separateB．oppositeC．connectedD．relevant解析：拜见上题解析。separate“分开的”；opposite“对面的，截然相反样的”；connected“相连的”；relevant紧“密有关的”。答案：A4．A.delicateB．hiddenC．transparentD．flexible解析：依据语境可知，这边的鲨鱼能够看到对面的用作钓饵的鱼，因今生物学家插入水箱的玻璃纤维是透明的

(transparent)

。delicate

易“碎的”；hidden“隐藏的”；flexible

可“波折的，有弹性的”。答案：C5．A.Yet

B．MeanwhileC．Instead

D．Again解析：依据第一段中的“attacked可”知，此处应表示再一次速对用作钓饵的鱼倡始了攻击。答案：D6．A.bouncedB．pausedC．withdrewD．leapt

(Again)，鲨鱼快解析：可是这一次，鲨鱼被弹了起来，由于它重重地撞上了玻璃纤维分开板。bounce“(使)弹起，弹跳”，符合语境。pause“停留”；withdraw“撤回，撤退”；leap“跳跃”。答案：A7．A.trapperB．catcherC．testerD．divider解析：拜见上题解析。divider分“隔物，分开物”，符合语境。trapper“捕杀动物者”；catcher“捕获器，接球手”；tester测“试员，测试器，试用品”。答案：D8．A.accomplishing

B．repeatingC．copying

D．strengthening解析：依据上文中的“Determined和”下文中的“Thisexperimentwascarriedoutseveraltimes.Each

time

，thesharkgotless

12andmadefewerattemptstoattackthefish

可知，”一开始，鲨鱼不停重复

(repeating)这一行为。accomplish“达成”；copy“复制，模拟”；strengthen加“强”。答案：B9．A.inorder

B．invainC．insecret

D．inpain解析：只管鲨鱼不停重复这一行为，但都是空费劲气。invain“白费，空费劲气”，符合语境。inorder井“然有序，适合”；insecret秘“密地，暗中”；inpain痛“苦地”。答案：B10．A.unaccustomedB．unchallengedC．unharmedD．unnoticed解析：上文提到鲨鱼攻击用作钓饵的鱼的妄图都失败了，所以，此处表示“用作钓饵的鱼毫发无伤地四周游动”。本段最后一句“thebaitfishcouldswimwherevertheywished，freefromharm也”是提示。unaccustomed“不习惯的，不适应的”；unchallenged“未遇到过思疑的，未遇到过挑战的”；unnoticed“未被注意到的”。答案：C11．A.divorced

B．declinedC．raised

D．abandoned解析：最终，鲨鱼放弃了(abandoned)捕猎到用作钓饵divorce使“走开”；decline拒“绝”；raise提“高”。

的鱼的希望。答案：D12．A.blindC．alert

B．aggressiveD．arbitrary解析：每一次，鲨鱼的攻击性都会变得更弱一点。aggressive“侵略的，寻衅的”，符合语境。blind盲“目的”；alert警“觉的”；arbitrary任“意的”。答案：B13．A.gotoccupiedwithB．gotinvolvedinC．gottiredofD．gotusedto解析：依据下文中的“andsimplystoppedattacking...butthesharkdidn'tattack可”知，鲨鱼厌烦了(gottiredof)撞击玻璃纤维。getoccupiedwith忙“于”；getinvolvedin卷入“”；getusedto习“惯于”。答案：C14．A.readjustedB．restoredC．replacedD．removed解析：此后，生物学家移除了(removed)玻璃纤维，可是鲨鱼仍不攻击。readjust

再“次调整”；restore

恢“复”；replace

替“换”。答案：D15．A.barrier

B．distanceC．gap

D．distinction解析：鲨鱼被训练得相信它和用作钓饵的鱼之间有阻拦物

(barrier)，所以(玻璃纤维被移除后)小鱼无所忌惮地四周游动，不受攻击。distance“距离”；gap“间隙”；distinction区“别”。答案：A16．A.soB．butC．asD．for解析：拜见上题解析。前后句之间是因果关系，前面是因，后边是果，应选并列连词so。答案：A17．A.readilyB．intentionallyC．emotionallyD．physically解析：我们中的很多人，在经历挫折和失败后，会从感情上(emotionally)选择放弃，并停止试一试。readily快“捷地，万无一失地”；intentionally有“意地”；physically

身“体上地”。答案：C18．A.because

B．thoughC．unless

D．while解析：好似这个故事中的鲨鱼，我们以为由于我们过去失败过，不会成功。此处应用because指引原由状语从句。答案：A19．A.AboveallB．InotherwordsC．AsaresultD．Inconclusion

所以就永远解析：换句话说(Inotherwords)，我们不停(constantly)在我们的脑中看到阻拦，即便我们所在的地点和我们想要达到的地点之间并无“真实的”阻拦。aboveall最“重要的是”；asaresult结“果”；inconclusion总“之”。答案：B20．A.abruptlyB．cons