2006年考研英语真题及解析

2006年考研英语及解SectionIUseof此短文的题材为社会生活类6次】。【试题连线】 【选项分析】ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocal

directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts, it,“Therehasto ofprograms.Whatweernmentcan’t .To isapackagehomelesspeople independence,the federalernmentmustsupportjobtraining [B]Likewise（同样，也） theminimumwage, fundmorelow-costeveryoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimatesanywherefrom600,000to3thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthe

2.[A]stand（忍受）[B]cope（处理，应付[C]approve（批准赞成[A]in（ homeless .Oneofthe [B]for（ ernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhas eincreasingly whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeach thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Many notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday skillsneedtoturntheirlives 16.BostonGlobe

reporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18Edwardwith（ toward（ [A]raise（提高add（添加take（拿，接受[A]generally（通常地，一般地almost（几乎，差不多hardly（几乎不 change（改变range（在..... [A]Nowthat（Although（尽管Provided（倘若，假如expanding（扩张increasing（增加[A]predicts（预测[A]assist（帮助track（追踪sustain（维持dismiss（解雇，不予考虑[A]Hence（因此But（但是Even（甚至Only（只有]shelter（临时栖身之地，dwelling（住所，住处house（房子[A]searching（搜寻strolling（闲逛，人闲来无事走动crowding（拥挤wandering（飘荡，无目的的四处游荡[A]when（ once（一旦while（虽然，尽管

whereas（然而[A]life（生活existence（存在，生活方式survival（幸存[A]（turn）around（使好转[C]（turn）on（打开[D]（turn）up（出现，开大]comprehensive（全面的，综合的complementary（补充的compensating（补偿的[A]So（所以Since(既然As（正如Thus（因此[A]puts（表述，表达interprets（解释，说明assumes（假定，设想makes(it)（获得成功manipulation（，控制regulation（管理 词汇addicted[ə'diktid]adj.(吸毒)成瘾的；上瘾的address[ə'dres]v.应对，处理compensate['kɔmpenseit]v.补偿，赔偿disorder[dis'ɔ:də]n.紊乱，失调dwell[dwel]v.居住；存在于；细想某hence[hens] 因此indeed[in'di:d]adv.真正地；的确；甚至；实lodge[lɔdʒ]n.门房；旅馆；manage['mænidʒ]v.完成，（尤指）设法完成proportions[prə'pɔ:ʃnz]n.规模，程度【常用词组makeupwith,形 rangefromto....,在……thebulkofsth,大部分，多半assb.putsit,正如说的那样turnaround,扭转，出现起色packagedeal,一揽子交易【答案与详解 考点→逻辑关系及副词词义辨析【考频30次】 ，前面的话，表示语气上的递进。因此选indeed表示强调。等或相似。选项[C]Therefore意为“因此，所以”表示因果关系。根据上下文判断，两答案 [B][B]更符合文意。干扰答案 干扰项排除→三个干扰项都可以与help搭配，help与in搭配后接动词-ing形式，help与for搭配是helpsbforsth表示“为了......而帮助别人”而不是“帮助获得 答案 与上下文不通，而且add通常用作addsthtosth,表示“把......加到 [C]take答案 HardlyNot表示否定。Hardlyanyone、ever等词配，表示部分否定，所以只有D符合文意逗号。选项[B]具有肯定的意everyone搭配更具有强调的意味。显然这两个答案 解题技巧→从上下句可以判断出本句意为估计数字的范围大60万到300万之间，如此悬殊的数字说明，估计最小值和最大值之间有很大的跨度。Rangefrom...to...之一结构正是表示“在干扰项排除→coverfrom....to中，cover常用作及物动词，即covercover不正确。Changefromto.答案 解题技巧→本句中前半句意思是“人们估计的数字（对无家可归者人数的估计）可能让步或转折关系，四个选项中只有Although有此意。答案 number，因此只能选C。面积、范围的扩大。选项[D]extending尤指范围、时间等的延长。根据句子的主语the答案 解题技巧→本空后的that宾语从句，在这个十年结束时，无家可归者的人数将达到1900万，显然这是对未来趋势的推断，因此选择表示“预测”的predicts。干扰项排除→选项[B]display的主语往往是、展览品等能用肉眼看到的事物。选项[C]proves的主语往往是事实、实验、现象等。选项[D]discovers的主语往往是人，而且后面的宾语从句只能使用一般现在时。根据句子主语判断，displaysdiscovers不符合是事实、真理性的，因此proves也不正确。答案 解题技巧→从第三段看，本句后面主要讲想让这些无家可归者生活安定，不仅要给他，答案 解题技巧→still可以判断出本句表示让步，意为“即使时间流浪”。Ever用于加强语气，与still搭配使用，表示让步关系。干扰项排除→选项[A]hence表示因果关系，选项[B]but表示转折关系，二者放在句首除这两项。选项[D]only表示唯一性only放在句首时主句要部分倒装，从语义和语法的角度都可以排除only。答案 解题技巧→空格后是that引导的定语从句，是对所填名词的具体解释：它是提供一日shelter干扰项排除→lodging常租的房间，dwelling常指长久性的居住场所，house常指一般意义上的房子或住宅。对于无家可归的人来说，他们不可能租房子住因此lodging不答案 解题技巧→本空需要填一个动词，与street搭配。而本句要表达的意思是“即使无家可因。观察这四个选项，其中strolling和wandering都有“流浪”的含义，但两次的区别wandering指“无目的或无固定路线地到处飘荡”。从两次的侧重意思和语义老说wandering跟符合。street搭配是“在街上溜达”的意思。选项[C]crowdingstreet搭配是“把大街挤答案 解题技巧→前两句是对许多无家可归者流浪原因的分析：例如酒鬼或者瘾君子，还有是患了的。本句others“其他人”的情况，就是排除了酗酒吸毒、精神不正常这两种情况，因此本句的前后两部分是让步的关系。而while除了表示“当......干扰项排除→三个干扰项都不符合上下句的逻辑关系。选项[A]when表示时间关系，引导时间状语从句。选项[B]once表示条件，引导条件状语从句，这两项显然不符合上下两个事物人物或情景等，显示二者有重要差别，那么其引导从句，从句和主句的主语必然不同，因此主语等结构是不能省略的。所以，whereas既不符合文意又不符合语法。答案 解题技巧→skillslifesurvival可以与干扰项排除→[A]lifeskills表示“生活技能”，没有选项[C]切合文意。[B]existence,表skills搭配。答案 解题技巧→turn与副词搭配构成的动词短语，其后可接lives作宾语。再观察四个选项只有选项[A]turnaround“使好转；有起色”符合题意。答案 解题技巧→本空需要填一个形容词，并且用来修饰programsprograms可以答案 干扰项排除→选项[A]So表示因果关系，通常有一句因，一句果。选项[D]Thus表示结答案 解题技巧→本题和上题中的as构成固定结构：assb.putsit,意为“正 答案 解题技巧→apackagedeal可知，本句突然突出的是各个规划之间的协调配合，因此，选项[D]coordination为答案。。【参考译文】 【框架导读】越大。1实际上，无家可归者所占的比例如此之大，以至于地方已经无法2应对了

5不660万万之间。7尽管人们估计的数字可能各不相1900万。10帮助这些越来越多的无家可归12栖身之所，能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡觉，还是会有很多人每天大部分时间流16改善15生存能流

17全面规划来解决这些无家可18用马赛诸塞州本特里学院社区服务主任EdwardZlotkowski19话来说就是20协调运作，我们需要的是一解决发法：全面规划，满足

SectionIIReading 【试题连线】 【选项分析】(1)Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.(2)Thisis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.(3)Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.”(4)Insteadofintimateshopscateringto“aknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.”(5)Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.Themassmedia,advertisingandsports

otherforcesfor(1)Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardly(2)WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelnorresistanttoassimilation.(3)In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6(4)Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.(5)Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation--language,homeownershipandintermarriage.(1)The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachoffifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”(2)Thechildrenofimmigrantstendthethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrant(4)HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguage.(5)By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivebefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.(1)Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesofintermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”(2)Bythethirdgeneration,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-villagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”(1)AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofseethinginAmerica?(2)Indeed.(3)Itisbigenoughtohaveabitofeverything.(4)ButparticularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindiceshardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialTheword“homogenizing”(LineParagraph1)mostprobably

[D]Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularbecameintimateshopsforcommonsatisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableoweditsemergencetothecultureofThetextsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.areresistanttoexertagreatinfluenceonAmericanarehardlyathreattothecommonconstitutethemajorityoftheWhyareAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedinParagraph5?ToprovetheirpopularityaroundtheTorevealthepublic’sfearof Toshow Americanculture.Intheauthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmericansocietyis 词汇arrayə'rei]n.陈列，一系assimilation[ə,simi'leiʃən]n.同化，同化作用casualness[ˌkæʒuəlnəsn.漫不经心，随意；census['sensəs]n.人口统计，人口deferencedefərənsn.democratize[diˌmɔkrətaiz]v.discourse['diskɔ:sdis'kɔ:sn.谈话，谈论emergence[i'mə:dʒəns]n.出现【超纲词汇unprecedented[,ʌn'presidəntid]adj.空前的；无前例的bilingual[bai'liŋɡwəl]adj.双语的;能说两张语言的seethe[si:ð]v.沸腾；冒泡；非常气愤、激动regardlessof不顾，不管massmedia大众priortosth 【答案与详解答案 会仍然是一部神奇的同化人的机器。这里的inspiteof表示转折，就是说homogenizing与前面的内容构成反义关系。四个选项只有assimilating与homogenizing同义。答案 解题技巧→根据题干中的19th-centurydepartmentstores可以定位第一段。人们沉19世纪百货商店掀起的“消费文化”中，因此这种大众文化的形成是百货商店倡干扰项排除→选项[B]不正确首段中第四句中提到intimateshop的对象是aknowledgeable答案 解题技巧→第二段句首的特殊结构notbut说明了现在的特点：能够融入大众。第增加反而下降。段末又提到被同化的三个标志，可见作者在文中表达了“对干扰项排除→选项[A]“同化”与第二段中第二句中的norresistanttoassimilation矛数”与第二段中的数据：只占人口的10%左右。答案 答案 解题技巧→本题考查作者对吸收形成的社会影响的评价。首先文中第二段提来一个干扰项排除→。选项[A]从文中无从得知，选项[C]和[D]是否定态度，与原文【长难句解析1、Para.1,SentencePeople（主语）areabsorbed（谓语）into“acultureofconsumption”（状语）launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstores（后置定语）thatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.”（定语从句）【解析】Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”。过去分consumptionarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere充当定语从句的地点状语。2、Para.3,Sentence1：The1990Census（主语）revealed（谓语）that“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘wellor‘verywellaftertenyearsof【解析】本句主干结构为The1990Censusrevealedthat ，that引导一个较长的从句充当句子的宾语。在该从句中，amajorityofimmigrants，谓语为spokes，宾语为English，介词结构from...origin则为后置定语修饰主语immigrants，而介词短语oforigin充当后置定语修饰countries，副词‘well’or‘verywell’为状语，句末介词短语oftenyearsresidence则3、Para.3,SentenceBy1996（时间状语） foreign-bornimmigrants（主语）whohadarrivebefore1970（定语从句）had（谓语）ahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,（宾语 higherthan69.8percentrateamongnative-bornAmericans.（比较状语【解析】本句主干结构为....foreign-bornimmigrants...hadahomeownershiprate.，名词foreign-bornimmigrants的后面是由关系代词who引导的定语从句对其做补充说明，who在短语amongnative-bornAmericans则为后置定语，限定其前的69.8percentrate。Rodriguez(主语)notes（谓语）thatchildreninremotevillagesaroundworldarefansofsuperstarslikeAmoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrook,宾语从句）t连接词）“someAmericans（主语）fear（谓语）thatimmigrantlivingwithintheUnitedStatesremainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”（宾语从句）【解析】yet连接的两个并列分句。前一分句的主干结构为Rodriguez谓语为系动词arefansofsuperstarsinremotevillagesaroundworld为后置thechildrenlikesuperstars。后一分句的主干结someAmericansfearthat...fearthat引导的宾语从句，从句中的主语为则为状语。现在分词结构livingwithintheUnitedStates充当后置定语修饰主语immigrants。5、Para.6,Sentence4：But(连词)particularlywhenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,（状语）today’ssocialindices（主语）hardly（状语）suggest（谓语）adarkanddeterioratingsocial修饰谓语。句首whenviewed构成的结构属于when+V-ing∕V-ed,做时间状语，该结构省略了句子的主语与系动词，被省略的主语与主句的主语一致，该部分可还原为when（today'ssocialindicesare）viewagainstAmerican'sturbulentpast。【参考译文新高，也不被同化。1998年占人口总数的9.8%，1900年占比例是13.6%。在字为9.2个。现在来考虑一下同化的三个标志：语言、房屋所和异族通婚。第三代，三分之一的西班牙裔女性非西班牙裔男士，而41%的亚裔女性非亚裔男·罗德里格兹全世界各地偏远乡村的孩子都是诸如阿诺德和加思·布鲁克· 【试题连线】 【选项分析】(1)Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--WilliamShakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyseparateandincreasinglyhostilebranches.(2)ThereistheRoyalShakespeareCompany(ASC),whichpresentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorialTheatreontheAvon.(3)Andtherearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoffthetouristswhocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.thetheatreaddsapennytotheirrevenue.TheyfranklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeirlonghairandbeardsandsandalsandnoisiness.(2)It’salldeliciouslyironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoise-making.(1)Thetouriststreamsarenotentirelyseparate.(2)Thesightseerswhocomebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandtheplays,andsomeofthemareevensurprisedtofindatheatreinStratford.(3)However,theplaygoersdomanagealittlesight-seeingalongwiththeirplaygoing.(4)Itistheplaygoers,theESCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenuebecausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.(5)Thesightseerscantakeineverythingandgetoutoftownby(1)Thetownsfolkdon’tseeitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnotcontributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.(2)Stratfordcriespoortraditionally.Neverthelesseveryhointownseemstobeaddinganewwingorcocktaillounge.Hiltonisbuildingitsownhothere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamletHamburgerBars,theLearLounge,the

BanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,andwillbeveryexpensive.Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeareCompanyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsforthreeyearsinarow.Lastyearits1,431seatswere94percentoccupiedallyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)(2)Thereason,ofcourse,isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayed(1)ItwouldbeashametoraisepricestoomuchbecauseitwoulddriveawaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractivecliene.Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,notthesights.(2)Theyallseemtolookalike(thoughtheycomefromallover)--lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.FromthefirsttwoParagraphs,welearnthetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenuetheactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage★★thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms★★thetownsfolkearnlittlefromItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thesightseerscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceseparay★theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthethesightseersdomoreshopthanthetheplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater★Bysaying“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph4),theauthorimpliesthatStratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionStratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialthetownisnotreallyshortofthetownsfolkusedtobepoorlyAccordingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdeservesnosubsidybecauseticketpricescanberaisedtocoverthe

thecompanyisfinanciallyill-thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallythetheatreattendanceisontheFromthetextwecanconcludethattheissupportiveofbothtakesadetachedis 词汇attendance[ə'tendəns]n. contend[kən'tend]v.主张；声称dedicated['dedikeitid]adj.专注的；献身的；执着的detached[di'tætʃt]adj.不偏不倚的；公正的hostile['hɔstail]adj.的；不友善的subsidy['sʌbsidi]n.补【超纲词汇..flagstone['flæɡstəun]n.石板；[岩]薄层砂【常用词组bringindriveaway赶走；驱散inarow成一排，连续takeinsth观赏；【答案与详解答案 解题技巧→根据题干中的thefirsttwoparagraphs可定位于文章的第一、二段。第干扰项排除→选项[B]是对第二段中文字的错误解读，该处镇上居民坦诚不喜欢答案 干扰项排除→选项[A]notseparate是指游客并不是分离的，并不是说不能同时参答案 答案 答案 解题技巧→RSC两方的态度贯穿全文，而且RSC或者作者进行反驳。文章的末段还高票价的做法。从总体来说，作者对RSC是同情与支持的，选项[D]正确。【长难句解析1、Para.1,SentenceAndtherearethetownsfolk(therebe句型)wholargelyliveoffthetourists（定语从句）whocome,nottoseetheplays,buttolookatAnneHathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.（定语从句）列的目的状语：nottoseetheplaysbuttolookat...。2、Para.2,Sentence3：It’salldeliciouslyironic（主系表）whenyouconsider（时间状语从句）thatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,washimselfanactor(withabeardanddidhisshareofnoise-making.（宾consider的宾语。该从句的主语Shakespeareandtheir指代上文的theworthyresidentsofstratford。3、Para.3,SentenceItistheplaygoers,（主语）theESCcontends,（插入语）whobringin（谓语）muchofthetown’srevenue（宾语）becausetheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouringcashintothehosandrestaurants.（原因状语从句）【解析】itis...who...是强调句型，强调句子的主语theplaygoers。本句主干为...theplaygoers...bringinmuchofthetown'srevenue...。Because引导原因状语从句，该从句的主干结构为theyspendthenight...pouringcash...。4、Para.6,SentenceThey（主语）allseemtolook（谓语）alike（表语）(thoughtheycomefromalllean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthenightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatre（插入语）tobuythe20seatsand80standing-roomtickets（目的状语）heldforthesleepersandsoldtothem（后置定语）whentheboxofficeopensat10:30a.m.（时间状语从句）theytheyoungpeople。破折号的名词短语和现在分词forthesleepersandsoldtothemticketswhensold【参考译文众所周知，埃文河畔的斯特拉特福镇只有一个产业——是威廉·莎士比亚产业，但是却有两个泾渭分明，且敌意日渐升温的派别。一方是莎士比亚公司，它在埃文河畔莎旅游的人流并不是完全分离的。乘车而来的观光者经常会顺道参观沃里克城堡和布【】题材属于科普知识类【考频8次】。选自TheEconomist(《》)2003年515日一篇题为“Ocean'sEleventhHour”的文章。文章主要论述了由于过度捕捞，海洋【试题连线】 【选项分析】(1)Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.(2)Theysuddenlybecameextinct.(3)Smallerspeciessurvived.(4)Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeninginthe(1)Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.(2)WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.(3)Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.(4)Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.(5)AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedon

averageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.(6)Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.(1)Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthefiguresareconservative.(2)Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.(3)Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsalitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.(4)Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatch(5)Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.(6)Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.(7)Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.(8)Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaround(1)Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.(2)Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline.”(3)Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.(4)Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.(5)Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness. animalsisnotedtosuggestthatlargeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment★★★smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalslargeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreatslow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingWecaninferfromDr.Myersandthestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago★★★thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount★★thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold★Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Wormmeansfishingtechnologyhasimprovedthencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthenthemarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterthedatacollectedsofarare Dr.Myersandotherresearchersholdpeopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime★fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass★★★theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreditsoriginallevel★peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituationTheauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’managementbiomasscatch-size 词汇bait[beit]v.中放诱饵；置（饵）于某物之上或之内baseline['beislain]n.基准；标准【超纲词汇biomass['baiəumæs]n.（单位面积或体积内的）[生态]生物量prehistoric[,pri:hi'stɔrik]adj.陈旧的；史前的predator['predətə]n.食肉动物；掠夺者；捕食者longline['lɔŋlain,'lɔ:ŋ-]n.多钩长线underestimate[,ʌndə'estimeit]v.低估；看轻n.低估sustainable[sə'steinəbl]adj可以忍受的；可持续；合理利用sonar['səunɑ:]n.声纳；声波定位仪【常用词组overtimelookback（+on/at）takeintoaccount 【答案与详解答案 这一事实的目的，故排除。选项[D]与第一段中“生长缓慢的大型动物很快就被答案 场中的大型食肉鱼类的生物量在开始开发海洋资源的15平均下降了80%。在一些againagain。联系上下文，这里强调了一半，于是可以推算出旧渔场的大型食肉鱼类的数量减少了90%，故[A]正确。数和渔场数量在一起。选项[C]“新渔场中的捕鱼量只占原先总鱼量的20%”属于无中生有，Myers博士和Worm博士在中没有提到。选项[D]“新的渔场中的大型食答案 因此推断，Worm博士所说的“保守数据”的意思就是“鱼类的实际损失量比文中给出干扰项排除→[A]选项“捕鱼技术快速提高”是该段提到的“数据保守”的一个答案 中的基准。接下来作者人们没有发现海洋中发生巨大变化的原因：因为他们只回顾历史上相当短一段时间的情况。然后作者该观点的内容：理论表明当某一目标干扰项排除→选项]“人们应该寻找可以适用较长时间的基准”无法推出，文中未提B00B，故排除。选项答案 到技术问题，可见作者关注的是渔场中的鱼类的数量，而不是捕鱼技术，选项[D]不正【长难句解析1、Para.3,SentenceThat（1）means（1）ahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeing（宾语从句）sotherealdifference（2）betweenpresentandpast（后置定语）islikelytobe（谓语2）worse（表语）thantheone（比较状语）recordedbychangesincatchsizes.（后置定语）后为省略了thatahigherproportionofwhatisinthesea,谓语为语态的进行时态isbeingcaughtwhatisinthesea做介词of的宾语。后一分句的主分为therealdifference...islikelytobeworsethan...，其中介词结etweenpresentandpast为后置定语修饰主语，句末过去分词结构recordedby...做后置定语修饰theone。2、Para.3,Sentence6：Someindividuals（主语）wouldthereforenothavebeencaught,（谓语）sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,（原因状语从句）leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.（结果状语）【解析】本句是一个复合句。主句为Someindividualswouldthereforenothavecaught...，其中someindividuals为主语，语态的过去完成时的否定形式wouldnothavebeencaught为谓语。Since引导的是原因状语从句，该从句的主语为nobaitedhooks，谓语them为从句的目的状语。句末的现在分词结构leadingto...做主句的结果状语。3、Para.4,SentenceThenotion（主语）is（谓语）thatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechanges（表语从句）whichhavehappenedintheocean（定语从句）becausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.（原因状语从句）【解析】本句的主干结构为Thenotionisthat...isthat引导的表语从句共同构massivechangeswhich引导的定语从句。该表语从句中含有一becausethey，指代前文中的people，谓语为现在完成进行时havebeenlookingo，宾语为thepast，名词短语onlyarelativelyshorttime为原因状语从句中的时间状语。4、Para.4,SentenceThat（主语）matters（谓语）becausetheorysuggests（原因状语从句）（宾语从句）thattheumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomes（时间状语从句）whenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.部分Thatmatters...，其中代词that指代上句中提到的“发现海洋中发生的大规模的总体变umsustainable es...，其中宾语从句中又含有一个定语从句thatcanbecropped【参考译文食肉鱼类（猎杀其他鱼并以之为食的动物）的生物量在开始开发海洋资源的15平均下降了80%，在一些长期捕鱼的渔场，大型食肉鱼类的生物量在此基础上又减少了一半。助和声纳定位仪发现猎物，这在50年前无法做到。这意味这的海洋生物捕捞，因来的50%左右时，从渔场中能够获得最大的可持续性产量。大部分渔场都远没达到这个水 【试题连线】 【选项分析】(1)Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweirdandtheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.(1)Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.(2)Butsomewhereinthe19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boringaswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodilstoBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.(1)Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensuchmisery.(2)Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworld(1)Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompleydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?(2)Advertising.(3)Theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.(1)Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery.(2)Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.(3)IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themost

powerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswereinperilandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.(1)TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.(2)Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.(3)Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.(4)Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwallets--theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable.(5)“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.(1)Butwhatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting--isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.(2)Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.(3)Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttolusasreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.(4)It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.Bycitingtheexampleof intendstoshowthatpoetryisnotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic★★artgrowoutofbothpositiveandnegativepoetstodayarelessskepticalof★artistshavechangedtheirfocusofTheword“bummer”(Line5.paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomethingIntheauthor’sopinion,emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happy★isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic★★replacethechurchasamajorsourceof

createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitselfWecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieveshappinessmoreoftenthannotendsintheanti-happyartisdistastefulbutmiseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthantheanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms★★WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheReligiononcefunctionedasareminderof expectationandreality.★★★PeoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofMassmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.★ 词汇agenda[ə'dʒendə]n.在会议上要讨论的事项（单]depict[di'pikt]v.描述；描ideology[,aidi'ɔlədʒi]n.思想（体系；思想意识【超纲词汇 懒汉；游手好闲的人；吸食的反效daffodil['dæfədil]n.水仙phony['fəuni]n.者；赝【常用词组indanger处在it'snotasif不大像是.......(表示某事不是真的，因而不能解释的行为【答案与详解36、答案 题。第二段语义一转，早期艺术形式最适合表现愉快的情绪，但从19世纪某个时候开37、答案 38、答案 宣扬不幸的艺术紧随着的出现而出现，该项将两者的前后顺序颠倒，故排除。选项[B]39、答案 诸如这样的不幸，但并没有提及enjoymisery,故排除。选项[D]“宣扬不幸的艺术在经40、答案 【长难句解析1、Para.2,SentenceBut（转折连词）somewhereinthe19thcenturyonward(时间状语)，moreartists（主语）beganseeing（谓语）happiness（宾语）asmeaningless（宾语补足语，phonyor,worstl【解析】本句的主干为...moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessas...。介词短语fromthe19thasseeseesthas结构，asas为连词引导状语从句，介词短语from...to...为从句中的状语。2、Para.4,Sentenc