英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案

英语句子成分定义：组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主语：句子的主体StudentsstudyEnglish.Smokingisbadforhealth.Whathehassaidistrue.从句做主语（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真实主语）（主语从句）练习：划出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.谓语：动词或许动词词组1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语组成。如：StudentsstudyEnglish优选2、复合谓语：（1）由神态动词或其余助动词加动词原形组成。如：HecanspeakEnglish.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语组成。如：Wearestudents.练习：选出以下句子中的谓语Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.HecanspeakEnglishwell.表语：系动词后边的成分名词作表语Iamastudent.Myfatherisateacher.形容词作表语Thistableislong.Youlookyoung.Itgetscold.Itsoundsinteresting.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareinthepark.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语（表语从句）Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.系动词：状态:be动词(2)连续：表示主语连续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.优选表像：表示“看起来忧如”,主要有seem,appear,look感官：表示“起来”,有feel（摸起来,感觉）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来,吃起来）等变化：表示主语变为什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run停止：主要有prove,turnout（结果是,证明是）等.如：Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的状况本来是假的.Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的.练习：划出句中表语Thespeechisexciting.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelsad.That’swhyhecamehere.宾语：动作承受者名/代词作宾语Heneverforgivesothers.Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语（宾语从句）Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.（it形式宾语，todo是真实宾语）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Pleasepassmethebook.（me是间接宾语，thebook是直接宾语）练习：划出句中宾语Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.优选Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Isucceededinpassingtheexam.宾语补足语：有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语之外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完好，不然就不完好。宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以增补其意义不足。Ifoundthebookinteresting.Imakemystudentsintertestedinmyclass.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.Wefoundhimintroublenow.WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.（it形式宾语，todo是真实宾语necessary是宾补）练习：划出句中宾补Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefinditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.注：直接宾语和宾补的区分：前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系，而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系，比方1.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.我们选他做我们班的班长。（宾语him与monitor是主谓关系Heismonitor他是班长，因此这里monitor是宾补）2.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.他买给他女朋友一些花。（宾语hisgirlfriend与some优选flowers没有逻辑关系，不可以说“他女朋友是花”因此someflowers是直接宾语）定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.代词作定语What’syourname?名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短语Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo从句作定语（定语从句）ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.练习：划出句中定语Heisacleverboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’ssister?.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?同位语：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同样地点时,一个成分用来说明或解说另一个成分。下边例句中黑体和横线部分互为同位语。此中前项与后项所指内容同样,句法功能（即在句中作主谓宾等成分）也同样，并经常紧挨在一同。Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。（都在句中作宾语）Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.我们年青人应当敬爱老人。（都在句中作主语）Theyallwantedtoseehim.他们都想见他.（都在句中作主语）Let’syouandmegotowork,Oliver.我们俩去工作吧.（都在句中作主语）优选Areyoutwoready?你们俩准备好了吗?（都在句中作主语）Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.明日放假的信息不确.（都在句中作主语）（同位语从句）练习：找出句中互为同位语的成分，并指出它们在句中的句法功能Mrs.Brown,John'smotherisakindlady.Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.状语:按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原由、结果、目的、条件、退步、程度、方式、陪同样(1).时间状语Shallwedotheshoppingtoday?(2).地点状语Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.(3).原由状语IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem.(4).结果状语ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshe.said(5).目的状语Inordertogetintoagoodschool,Imuststudyevenharder.(6).条件状语Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?(7).退步状语Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknow.me(8).程度状语Thelectureisveryinteresting.(9).陪同状语Mytrainstartsatsix,arrivingatChicagoat10.练习：划出句中状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.优选Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff句子成分区分课后牢固练习题Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosinBeijing.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hetoldmethathisbrotherisaworld-famousdoctor.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.Theapplestastedsweet.优选11.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.12.Iloveyou．Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.HergardenisthebestinourtownWeheardhersingingasong.Ilikethisbookverymuch.19.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.22.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.优选Theyareintheclassroom.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.Iseeherdance.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.IalwaysfindherhappyThechildrenboughttheirparentsacarHelikestoplaybasketball.YesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.随堂练习参照答案：主语：Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.Whatheneedsisabook.优选谓语：Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.HecanspeakEnglishwell.表语：Thespeechisexciting.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mtiredtoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelsad.That’swhyhecamehere.宾语：Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.优选Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Isucceededinpassingtheexam.宾补：Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskshertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefinditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.定语：Heisacleverboy.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBetty’ssister?Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaug