2017年全国入学统一考试英语-带答案简析

入学统一考试英（一SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding helyoufeelclose topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbring ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptof theparticipants’susceptibilityto thecommoncoldafter to .Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelyto withacold,andthe thatthestress-reducingeffects 10家about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect. amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadless“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat’susually14withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp Some thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtotheofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebonding itpromotesatta entrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit inthebrain,whereit mood,behaviorandphysiology.[A][A][B][B][C][C][D][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D] [A][B][C][D]10.[A][B][C][D]11.[A][B][C][D]12.[A][B][C][D]13.[A][B][C][D]14.[A][B][C][D]15.[A][B][C][D]16.[A]intheface[B]intheform[C]intheway[D]inthename17.[A][B][C][D]18.[A][B][C][D]19.[A][B][C][D]20.[A] [B] [C] [D]答案解析【答案】：[B]【解析】：本句话前后关系，讲的都是拥抱的好处和作用，因此选择beide,意思是“除。。。。之外还有，也就是包含性的除了”，其它选项[]Unlie不像，[C]Desie，尽管，[D]Throghut遍布等均不符合题意。【答案】：[A]【解析】：并列关系。空格前有and,很明显并列关系。与空格前close（亲密）意思最为近似的是connected（有联系），而其它三个选项[B]restricted（受限制）[C]equal（ [D]inferior（低劣）均不符合【答案】：[D]【解析】：固定短语的。ahotof是固定短语，意思是：大量、许多，其它够不成【答案】：[C] 。根据上下文，讲的都是拥抱的好处，因此选择avoidgettingsick（避免【答案】：[B] 句子前后关系。空格前是study（研究），空格后是400个成年人，能够联系前后的只有动词involving（包含，牵涉），其它不符合句子意思。【答案】：[D]【解析】：固定搭配。空格前的名词是effect,因此选择固定介词On,即，effect【答案】：[B]【解析】：空格后有单词（），根据句子意思，很显然需要“ 之相近的只有exposed（、），[A]devoted和[D]attracted均为褒义词，显然【答案】：[C]【解析】 【答案】：[A]【解析】：句子关系。该句researchers，后面很明显是他们的观点，因此应该选calculate（此处不是“计算”的意思，而是：认为）。【答案】：[D]【解析】：句子关系，即动宾关系。此处只有explain能够把主语和宾语衔接起来【答案】：[A]【解析】：句子关系。很明显，前后意思加重，因此选择递进关系的even（甚至）【答案】：[B]【解析】：词义。此处很明显的是“得到情感支持的感冒患者有较轻的——”。因此选择[B]symptoms（症状）。【答案】：[D]【解析】：句子意思。此处讲的是：拥抱可以保护有压力的人感冒风险。只increased（增加，加重）符合句意。【答案】：[B]【解析】：句子关系。空格所在处是定语从句，that指代的是先行词risk,因此：风险压力。此处只有[B]associated（联系）最为合适。解析：句子关系。后面同位语从句解释的是feeling,因此此处应该选择较为褒义的动词【答案】 [A]intheface【解析】：固定短语的。后面是名词difficulty,只有选择[A]inthefaceof（面对）最为合适，其它选项[Bintheformof（以……形式）[Cinthewayof（妨碍、在……方面【答案】：[C]【解析】：固定搭配的。此处[C]attribute，有个标志性的介词to搭配使用。“归【解析】：句子关系。本句话表面连词，实则需要考生明白空格前后两个句子意所以选择becaue. 句子关系。空格所在句是以But开头，因此 说，后一句智能选择存在，因此选择remain. 句子意思或动宾关系。此处讲的是这种元素Oxytocin 等。只有选择influence（影响），其它选项不符合句子意思。SectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40TextFirsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesare peopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans’economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweaponsbothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingChicago’sO’HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhas e—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthattheernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.AnotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtoThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck’sfatalflaw. ingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintongsodirectly,byheltofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedstresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityhighlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSexplainAmericans’toleranceofcurrentsecurityemphasistheimportanceofprivacy【简析】：thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804是个例子，证明观点Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.C项与原文观点为同whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorNewrestrictionsoncarry-onThedecliningefficiencyoftheAnincreaseinthenumberof【答案】：[C]Anincreaseinthenumberof【简析】：根据问题回文定位到第三段最后一句，.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhas e—butthelinesareobvious.单破折号后转折词but后提到“排队很明显”。C项与原文意思吻合。Theword“expedited”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaning【答案】：[A]【简析】：词义题解题最好思路就是把四个选项代入到原文中，看前后意思通顺程度，Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.后面紧跟ThisallowstheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.TSA2500万人”，因此推出前一句中是“旅客较快的通过安检通道”。答案A。OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramAdramaticreductionofitsTheernment’sreluctancetobackAnunreasonablepricefor【答案】：[DAnunreasonablepricefor【简析】：回文定位到第六段，Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck’sfatalflaw.D是WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheLessScreeningforMoreGettingStuckinSecurity【简析】：本文其他题干，包括每段一直在讲机场安检存在的问题，文中多次提到可以进之处，所以作者想表达的是“安检未被充分利用”，答案为D。Text“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii’slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.shaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity’sviewofthecosmos.AtissueistheTMT’splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld’smostpowerfulescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.OppositiontoescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggerescopes,theyforgotthatscienceistheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea’sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland’sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissanceYetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii’sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassembleallescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizetheescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberofescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.Thereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleoftheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiantheregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancientherappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinher[BtheimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiianStarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday说观星人在夏威夷最受尊敬的一群人。可以推断出QueenLiliuokalani’sremark是说importanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety。MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueitsprotectiveitsreligiousitsexisting【答案】[AitsgeographicalMaunaKea的地理位置所带来的优势，RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea’speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet’sdenseatmosphere,正式是由于这样的地理条件能够使escopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity。故正确答案为itsgeographicalfeaturesTheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlyitmayriskruiningtheirinlectualitremindsthemofahumiliatingtheirculturewillloseachanceoftheyfearlosingcontrolofMauna【答案】[Bitremindsthemofahumiliating【解析】首先定位到原文中的第三段。第三段第一句说这种已经不再是新鲜事了，第二句解释的原因。因为Hawaiansandenvironmentshavelongvewedheirpresenceasdsrespectforacredandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasoveregnnation.direspect和painful与humilating同义替换acredand并且是一个soveregnnation。ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sisfulfillingthedreamsofancienthelpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrossthemayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianmayuncovertheoriginofHawaiian【解析】（1）人们之所以会CallstodisassembleallescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthere是因为他们ignorethereality。无论是astronomy还是Hawaiiancultureseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhowearewherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.explorethestarryskies。这可以帮助我们知道我们自己以及我们的祖先（knowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes）C可能帮助我们揭示（2）答案中出现may，通常为正确选项特Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisonesevereslightfull[Dfull【解析】定位到最后一段，解释了把MaunaKeaastheTMTsite能够做什（tominimizetheescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.)。最后一句（hereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbe edonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.）双重否定表肯定，即人们会欢迎在MaunaKea拥抱他TextRobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety, eequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducation es–allthingsthatcontributetoa’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.[D]hadalowopinionofGDP【解析】根据第第六段whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducation –allthingsthatcontributetoa’ssenseofwell-being.可以看出RobertF.Kennedy的意思就是虽然GDP一直是最常规的测量经济活动的方式，但是asameasure,它是不足够的。所以可以推出RobertF.Kennedy有一个alowopinionofGDP。ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedinthe【解析】定位于第二段的Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexitdespitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?GDP让其他西方国家羡慕，但是IfeverythingwasgoingsowellGDP上Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.[DItsresultsare【解析】用排除法最用以做。文章说有约有163被测而不是由163个国家赞助（sponsor）AGDP，（RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP）B选项说排除了（excludesGDPasanindicator），B选项。文章中ofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens，推断出来。Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsGDP.[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.【答案】[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactors【解析】倒数第二段说，虽然GDP一直是最常规的测量经济活动的方式，但是asameasure,senseofwell-being的因素，所以说很有必要去考虑GDP之外的一些因素。故正确选项为C。Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-【答案】[AHighGDPButInadequateWell-beingaUK【解析】GDP虽然很高，但是英国人despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects，执意要脱欧，而且英国是oneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitsTextInarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiaernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstoernment.Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strialfailedtolajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformerernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.Merelyhelagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact”.Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery.”Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativeernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,”assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstoernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesandonationoraalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforcedlawsinernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatallareequalintreatmentbyernment—isundermined.Goodernancerestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialTheunderminedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthattheavoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell’smadenocompromiseinconvictingwascontemptuousofMcDonnell’srefusedtocommentonMcDonnell’s【答案】[CwascontemptuousofMcDonnell’s说明对McDonnel的行为持负向态度，四个选项中只有Ccontemptuous意为“轻蔑，瞧AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitleakingsecretssizablegainsintheformofconcretereturnsforgift-breakingcontracts【答案】[Cconcretereturnsforgift-【解析】根据第四段第二句，在败法律下，proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.concretereturnsconcretebenefits同义替换。Thecourt’srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsjustifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirqualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticallowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirexemptfromconvictiononthechargeof【答案】Well-enforcedlawsinernmenttransparencyareneededawakentheconscienceofguaranteefairplayinofficialallowforcertainkindsofinspirehopesinaverage【答案】[Bguaranteefairplayinofficial【解析】定位文章当中第六段，therulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentativestoensureequalityofaccesstoernment。为了toensureequalityofaccesstoernment这种需求，要求Officialsmustnotbeallowedto ，需要well-enforcedlawsinernmenttransparency。因此可以推断出对Well-enforcedlawsinernmenttransparency是为了确保equalityofaccesstoernmentguaranteefairplay与ensureequalityofaccess同意替换。故B为正确答案。Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecourt’sruling【答案】[DThecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.isastepforward可以看出只这是一种正面积极的评价。而选项中只有supportive表示肯定的态度。PartThefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thefirstpublishedsketch,“ADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens’seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname“Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,securedDickens’sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbytheten-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginatedtheideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,DickenssuccessfullyinsistedthatSeymour’spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirstinstallment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwithanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appearedseriallyin1836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer.DickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.Soonafterhisfather’sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.HetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter’seyefortranscribingthelifearoundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscuremagazines.DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland’ssoutherncoast.HisfatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice–arespectableposition,butwishlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardandahousekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken’smothersupposedlycamefromamorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken’sbirth,hismother’sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily’sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkinWarren’sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheotherworkingboysmockedhimas“theyounggentleman.”Hisfatherwasthenimprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather’simprisonmentandhislaborintheblackingfactoryformedDicken’sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,etracesanorphan’sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.ThepopularityofthesenovelsconsolidatedDichens’asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanofletters.D→41.→42.→43.→44.→BPartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld`sprimarylanguageforinternationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechangecouldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.ThoserealisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol(47)Hisysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethattheyounggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglotEnglishgraduatesfaceableakeconomicfutureasqualifiedmultilingualyoungstersfromothercountriesareprovingtohaveacompetitiveadvantageovertheirBritishcounterpartsinglobalcompaniesandorganizations.Alongsidethat,(48)manycountriesareintroducingEnglishintotheprimary-schoolcurriculumbutBritishschoolchildrenandstudentsdonotappeartobegaininggreaterencouragementtoachievefluencyinotherlanguages.Iflefttothemselves,suchtrendswilldiminishtherelativestrengthoftheEnglishlanguageininternationaleducationmarketsasthedemandforeducationalresourcesinlanguages,suchasSpanish,ArabicorMandaringrowsandinternationalbusinessprocessoutsourcinginotherlanguagesuchasJapanese,FrenchandGerman,spreads.(49)ThechangesidentifiedbyDavidGraddolallpresentclearandmajorchallengestoUK`sprovidersofEnglishlanguageteachingtopeopleofothercountriesandtobroadereducationbusinesssectors.TheEnglishlanguageteachingsectordirectlyearnsnearly&1.3billionfortheUKininvisibleexportsandourothereducationrelatedexploresearnupto&10billionayearmore.Astheinternationaleducationmarketexpands,therecentslowdowninthenumberofinternationalstudentsstudyinginthemainEnglish-speakingcountriesislikelytocontinue,especiallyiftherearenoeffectivestrategicpoliciestopreventsuchslippage.Theanticipationofpossibleshiftsindemandprovidedbythisstudyissignificant:(50)Itgivesabasistoallorganizationwhichseektopromotethelearningandverydifferentoperatingenvironment.Thatisanecessaryandpracticalapproach.Inthisasinmuchelse,thosewhowishtoinfluencethefuturemustprepareforit.ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurthertherearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfadewithintheforeseeablefuture.但是即便讲英语的人数进一步扩张，已经出现了一些这样的迹象：英语这一之前占据主导地位的全球语言可能会在可预见的未来里。Hisysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablet