初高中英语衔接基本句型讲义

一、句子成分主语(subject)：句子的“陈述对象”，通常为名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或者从句。Wegotoschoolbybike.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.宾语(object)：行为动作的对象，通常为名词、代词、动名词、不定式、介词短语或句子。直接宾语(directobject)：所给予或告知的事物间接宾语(indirectobject)：接受或被告知事物的人Iboughtaticketforyou.Hegavehisseatstoanoldperson.表语(predicative)：说明主语的身份、特征、状态，通常为名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词短语或句子。Hisfatherissixty.ThisiswhatIwanttosay.补语(complement)：起补充说明作用，包括主语补语(subjectcomplement)和宾语补语(objectcomplement)，通常为名词、动名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式、分词充当。Ifoundeverythingingoodcondition.定语(attribute)：修饰限定名词或代词，通常为名词、形容词、代词、数词、动名词、分词、不定式等等。可分为前置定语和后置定语。Mymotherisadoctor.Thegirlnearthecarismysister.状语(adverbial)：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、方式、程度和伴随状语等Iofteneatbreakfastat7:00inthemorning.Wewillgototheparkforapicnicthisweekend.同位语(appositive)：说明和解释另一个句子成分Heheardthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.二、基本句型主语+谓语（不及物动词）Eg:Helaughed.Mywatchhasstopped.Thegirlsingswell.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语Eg:Iloveyou.Heenjoysreading.SheteachesEnglish.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Eg:Mymothergavemeapresent.Iboughtacoatforyou.Shemadeacake.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语Eg:Youmakemehappy.Hekeptmewaiting.Youmustgetyourhaircut.主语+系动词+表语Eg:Thiskindoffoodtasteterrible.Thesebooksarenovels.Shelookshappy.Exercise判断下列句子类型并划分成分Theleavesturnsyellow.TheynamedtheboyMatt.Shepassedmeabook.IreadEnglisheverymorning.Isawhimentertheclassroomjustnow.Theyfeelitdiffculttofinishtheworkinashorttime.Idon’tthinkheisright.Heshowedmehowtodoit.Iboughtthestraycatalotoffood.Myfatherworksinthefactory.Mymothermakesmedomyhomework.They