2023年兰州大学考博英语试题

兰州大学２０23年考博英语试题注意:答案请一律写在答题纸上,写在试题上无效。PartOneStructｕreandVocａbulary（40%)Diｒｅｃｔiｏns:IntｈｉsparｔthｅrｅaretwosectionsInSeｃtionOne,youareｔochoosｅfromｔｈｅfourchoicesｕndereachsｅｎtｅncetheｏneｗhicｈｉsｓimilarinmeaｎiｎgtｏｔheuｎdｅrlinｅｄparｔｏfthｅｓentence.AｎdinSectｉoｎTｗo,yｏuarｅtｏchoosetheonｅtｈatcanbeaｔcoｍｐlｅｔeｔｈesｅntenceinquｅstｉon.SecｔiｏｎI1.AnｉｍｐortａｎｔｆuｎctｉｏnｏfｅaｒlysｔｏneｔｏokｗaｓｔoexｔrａｃthiｇhlyｎｕｔriｔiouｓfoodｆroｍlarｇeanimａlｃarcassesＡ.destroy

B.idｅｎtifｙＣ.removｅ

Ｄ.comparｅ2RegｉoｎalpｌanningdｅａｌswithｐｒoposalscｏncerniｎgoutｌyiｎgｃommｕnitiesandhighwayｓasｗｅllaｓwithurbanａffairsＡ.outlaｎdiｓｈ

B.remｏｔe

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C．idｅｎtiｆiable

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Ｂ．beginninｇC.expansｉonＤ．ouｔcome5.Whentｈegｌａciｅrsｔhawｅdａｆｔｅrtheｌastiｃeagｅ%thefiｖeGrｅatLaｋｅsoｆNｏｒtｈＡmeｒｉcaweｒeｆormedＡ.ｍeｌteｄﻮB.ａdvａnced

Ceｖaｐｏrａted

D.expｌoded6．NeｗYorkisashoｐper'sparaｄｉsewｈeｔhｅronewaｎtstospenｄlarｇesuｍsoｆmoｎeyｉｎelegantdepartmenｔstoresorｒiｆlethouｇhgoodsdｉspｌayedｏnstｒeetbａｒrｏwsA．ａfortｕｎeB.adｉmeﻮＣ.mｕchﻮD.qｕitelot７.ＤｕriｎgｔheraｉｎyseaｓoｎtheMissｉssｉppiRiveｒmaycarｒyａwayhuｎｄredｓoｆacｒesofｖaｌuableｔoｐsoilfｒomonｅａreａanｄaｒbitｒarｉlyｄｅpｏｓititinaｎothｅr．A.ｌaｗｆulｌyﻮB.subｓｅｑuentｌｙﻮＣ.raｎdoｍｌyﻮＤ.ｍerciｌessｌｙ8.OvｅrsixmｉｌlｉoｎｃｉtizeｎsｏfｔhｅUnitedSｔａtesｃolleｃtbenefiｔsfrompｒiｖatｅpeｎsionplanseaｃｈyｅａr．Ａ.ｎongovｅrnmeｎtａlＢ.unaｕthorizedC.cｏｎfideｎｔial

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C.aspｅct

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B．tｉghtlystreｔchedＣ.someｗhatopaqueD．ｄeｌicａteｌymadｅ14．ItｗascommoｎｌyｆｅltthａtthepurcｈaｓeofAlaｓkａbyｔhｅUnｉtｅdStateｉｎ1867ｗasfoolｉsｈ．A.reｑuirｉng

B．ｓｅndingC.buyingD.applying1５.InthｅPaciｆiｃＮorｔｈwesｔ，asclimａteandtoｐｏｇraphyvarｙ，sｏdoｔheｓpeciｅｓtｈatprevａiliｎｔｈｅｆorestｓ.AｄomｉnatｅB.rebｕｉｌｄC.iｎvadeD.tend１6.Ｉnfroｇｓaｎdtoads，thetonｇｕeisfixedtotｈeｆroｎtoｆthemｏutｈinorderｔｏfａcilitateprojecｔｉngiｔatsoｍeｄiｓtanｃe,greａtlyinａiｄｉngiｎcapｔureofiｎseｃts．AprｏsｃribingB．ｐroｔrudinｇﻮC.provokｉngﻮD.proｔｒａctｉng17．Ｓｔaｒｅtｗinｋleasaｒesｕltofthｅｔuｒbuｌentsｔalｅｏftheairthrｏｕｇhｗhｉchｔheirlighｔpａsses.A.iｎadｄｉtiontｏB.insｐiｔeｏfC.becａuseoｆﻮD.wiｔhreｇaｒdｔo1８．Mｏｓtｍｅat-eatinｇaniｍalsusｅtｈｅｉrteｅthtoseizeaｎdｋillprey.A．ａttacker

Ｂ.ｎouｒｉｓhｍentC．ｅnemiesﻮＤ.victiｍs1９.Itｉsrｉｄicｕloｕstobecomeａngryａboutsucｈａnｉnsignｉｆicaｎｔmaｔtｅr,A.absurdﻮB.nouｒishmentC.tragicD.unpardonａｂlｅ２０．HｏwmaｎypｅoｐｌeaｒeawａｒethatadanceｒwithNeｗYｏｒkCｉｔyＢalｌettypicａllyweaｒsｏuｔaｍiniｍumｏftｗｏhundreｄpaｉrsoftoeshoesｐｅrｙeaｒ?Ａ．onｌy

B.ａtｌｅasｔC.ｅxactlｙﻮＤ.ｆewertｈanSectiｏnII(２0%)２1.Ｎotunｔilthｅeｉgｈtｅenｔhcenｔury____＿theｃoｍｐlexcｈemiｓtryofｍetaｌluｒgy.A.ｗhenscienｔistsbegantoapprecｉaｔeB.didscｉentistsbegintoapｐrｅciatｅC.scientisｔswhowereｂeginninｇｔoａpｐrｅcｉａｔeＤ.theａｐｐｒeciaｔionoｆscientistsbegan２2.Pｅwte,____ｆｏreaｔｉngaｎddrinkｉnguｔensiｌｓinｃｏｌoniａlAmerｉca,isaｂoutｎinｅtｙpercｅnｔtinwithcoｐｐeroｒbismuthaｄdeｄｆoｒhａrdness.A．ｗidelyusｅdｉｔC.whichwidelｙused

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Ｂ.wｈile

C．ａｎd

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B．Dｅｓpiｔe

C．Thougｈ

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B－secluded

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B.ｈadsｅｔｕp

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B.ｉｎﻮC．bｙ

Ｄ.at32．Aｆewyeaｒｓagｏabrａｎdofbreadwasoｆfeｒedtｏdietｅrsｗitｈ__＿_thaｔｔheｒewｅrｅfｅweｒcaloｒｉesｉneveｒysliｃｅ.A．meｓsａｇeＢ.tｈemeｓsageC.ｍessagｅｓD.iｎｆｏｒmatｉon３3．Amｅriｃansviewbｕsinｅｓs＿＿＿_＿basedontｈeideａlofｃｏmpｅtitiontｈanotherinsｔｉｔuｔｉｏnsinｓocｉetｙ．Ａ．beingａsmorefiｒmlyＢ.asｍorefiｒmlyＣ．asbｅinｇmorefiｒmｌyD.asismorefirmｌy34.By1872ｔhｅUnｉｔeｄStateshaｄ７0ｅngineeriｎgcolｌｅges,_＿__ａstｏnisｈingexpansioｎｃreditｅdｌaｒｇelytｏtｈeMｏrrillAｃtof１８62.Awas

B.becausｅﻮＣ.towhich

Ｄ．an３５.Wｈｅｎusedaｓfoｏｄadditｉvｅs，antioxidantsprevenｔfaｔsａｎdoｉｌｓ____ranｃidｗｈｅnexposedｔoair，andtｈｕseｘｔeｎdtｈｅｉrｓhelｆlife.A.froｍbecｏmingB.becomｉｎg

C．ｔoｂecomeD．tｏbecoming36.Pareｎｔｓｓhouldrealizetｈaｔ‘‘exａmpｌeisbｅttｅrｔhan_＿__”Ａ.sｔateｍｅntﻮB.lessoｎC．pｒoｖeｒbD.ｐrecｅpt３7．Araｂianｃaｍｅlｓaｒｅusuａｌlyaｂout7fｅetｈｉghａｎdgeneraｌlysａndy－colｏrｅｄ,_____somｅtimｅstheyarｅwhｉtｅ,varｉousshａdesｏfbroｗｎorbｌaｃｋ.AbutｔｈａtＢ.thougｈC.ｈoweverD．theｒefore３８.___＿thｅysoｍeｔimｅｓｓwimalonｅ,dolphinsｕｓｕalｌｙcoｎgregａｔeｉnｌargｅｇroups,oｆtennuｍberinginthehｕndｒeｄｓ．A.Eｖｅｎ

B．WhyﻮC.Alｔhough

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D．Plａntstｏbesｐaceｄwidely40.FａultｓinｔheEarth'scruｓtaｒemoｓtevidentinseｄiｍentａryformations,＿____iｎteｒruptpreｖiouslycｏntinuｏｕslaｙers.A.ｂyｗｈich

B．ｗhichｉt

Ｃ.ｗｈｅretheｙD.thuｓｉｔPａrｔTwoTranｓｌatioｎSeｃtionI(FｒoｍEnglisｈintoCｈinesｅ)Direcｔions:ReadthefｏlloｗinｇpassageｃarefullyandtｈenｔranｓlatetheunｄｅrlｉnｅdsenｔencesintｏChｉneｓe.(2０%)(１)Drr.CｌaudｅShannoｎofBeｌlTｅleｐhoneLabｏraｔorieｓ,ａndｈisｃolleaｇue,E．F.Ｍooｒe,ｏnceｂuiltａmachｉnｅtoplａｙtｈeｇaｍｅknｏwnaｓHex,usingananalｏgcｏmｐuteｒworkｉngoneleｃtrｉcalｖoltages.Ｉtbeatthemabｏut70percentofｔhｅｔｉｍe．“Ｉtfｒｅquｅｎtlyｓurｐriｓeｄitsｄesigｎersｂyｓelｅctiｎgodd-lookingmoｖｅswhiｃh,onaｎalysis,prｏvｅdsound,"Shａnnｏncｏmｍenｔs.(2)Eachofthｅseｍechanｉcalgame-ｐlaｙｅrsissaｉｄｔo“leａｒn”bｅcａｕseitisｓopｒogｒammedthatｉtｆｏlloｗstheBooｌeanalｇeｂrapａttern，ｄiscoveringｂｙｓadexperienｃｅthatｏｎｅtｈｉngｏraｎotｈｅrdoesn'twoｒｋａｎｄprｏfitｉngbymｉsｔaｋｅ.OneｏfShanｎon'smorefaｎtaｓticｔriumphｓistｈemagnｅtized‘"moｕｓｅ”ｗhicｈ,ｗhenpｌａcedｉnacomplicatedmazecｏnsistingofpａrｔitioｎｓ,issupposedtｏfｉndtｈeoneandtｈeonｌypatｈｔｏthe“chｅese.”Onthefirsttrythｅmousｅwｉlｌsｔumｂleaimlesslyaroundrｕnｎingiｎｔoonewａｌｌaｆteraｎother.Evｅntuaｌly，bｙrｅｐeatedtryaｎdｅｒror，itwilllocateｔhｅｃheese.Ifthemouｓeisgivenasｅcondｔry，itwillgosｔraigｈｔtoｔhecｈｅesｅwｉthｏuthittｉngasingleｂlｉnｄaｌley.Iｔwilｌ,ｄｏitfrｏmａnypａrｔofｔheｍaze.（3）Moreovｅr,ｉfitstraｉnerｃｈａnｇeｓｔhemａｚｅｏnitｂyreｌocatｉngｔhepaｒtiｔioｎs,tｈemｏuseｂｌuｎdeｒｓonlｙwheretheteｒrainhaｓbecｏmｅｕnfamiｌｉａr．Itcａｎrecogｎiｚeａｔｏnceposｉtｉoｎsthaｔhavenｏtｂｅenｃhaｎged.Evenｔualｌythemouseleaｒnsenoｕghtoforgetalｌforｍerａｒrangemｅｎｔｓandremｅmberｏnlyｔheｌatest,succｅssfｕlｏｎeｓ．(4)Tｈemouseitselｆｄoｅsnｏtthｉnk,butｉtｉsdiffｉcultｔｏａｒgueaｇaiｎstthethinkingdonｅbｙtheelecｔromａgnetａndcomputeｒthaｔｄrivetｈemouse.Tｈedｅvicedoeshavｅtheａbｉlitytodｉｓtinguiｓhbeｔｗeｅnrightanｄｗronｇ,aｎdtｏreviｓｅitssｔaｎdardsｏnthebasｉｓofitｓｏwnexperｉence.Ｐｒｏbａblｙtｈeclearｅstdiffereｎcebeｔweenmaｎanｄmacｈineｉsaqｕantitaｔiｖeonｅ.Thebraiｎhａｓrouｇhlｙamｉllioｎtｉｍｅsａsmaｎｙｐartsastheｂeｓtcomｐuｔer.Ontｈeothｅrｈand，ｔhｅdifｆeｒeｎcｅｍayliｅinaｓｐiｒiｔｕａlfａｃtｏｒ,embｒacｅdbｙｒeligioｎ.（５)Atanｙｒate，macｈｉnｅcannotexeｒcisｅｆreewillororigｉnateanyｔhiｎｇ—notyetWheｔheriteveｒwillisstiｌｌanoｐeｎaｒgumentSectｉoｎII(ＦroｍChｉｎeseｉｎtoＥngｌish)Diｒeｃtions：Rｅadthefolｌowingpasｓagecarefullyaｎdthentraｎslaｔｅtｈeundｅrｌｉnedseｎteｎcｅｓ