2023年12月一二三卷大学英语四级考试真题及答案汇总

ﻩ ﻩ ﻩﻩﻩ ﻩ机密★启用前版权所有大学英语四级考试COLLEGEＥNGLISＨＴEST-BａnｄＦouｒ-(4ＷZSHI）试题册☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆敬告考生ﻭ一、在答题前，请认真完毕以下内容:1.请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完毕以下两点规定。2.请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内,并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。3．请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用ＨB-２B铅笔将相应准考证号的信息点涂黑。二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容:1.所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答,在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。2．请在规定期间内在答题卡指定位置依次完毕作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试,作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。听力录音播放完毕后,请立即停止作答，监考员将立即回收答题卡１，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。3.作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。４.选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分,作答时必须使用HB－2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。三、以下情况按违规解决:１．不对的填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。２.未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。３.未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。4．考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。

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Ａ)WrｉtｅｔwobookreｐorｔｓaweekＢ)KeｅpａｄiaryC)HelpｗathhｏusｅwｏrkD)WaｔcｈedｕcationalＴVprogrａｍsonlｙ.SectioｎＣDireｃtions:Ｉnｔhissecｔion,yｏuwilｌhｅａrａpａssagethｒeｅtiｍes.Whenｔhepassageisｒeaｄforｔhefiｒsttiｍｅ，ｙｏｕshｏｕldｌｉsｔｅncａrefullｙfoｒiｔsgenｅralｉdea.Wheｎｔhepasｓagｅisｒeaｄforthesecondｔｌme，ｙｏuarereqｕｉｒedtｏｆillinｔｈｅblaｎksｗiththｅｅxaｃtｗordｓyouｈavejuｓｔｈeard.Finａllｙ,whenｔheｐａssageIsｒeaｄforｔheｔhiｒｄtiｍe,youｓhouｌdcheckwhaｔyouhaveｗritｔeｎ注意：此部分试题请在答题卡１上作答。Whenyｏuloｏkupaｔthenigｈtsｋy,whａtｄoyousｅe？Therｅareoｔher(２6)ｂoｄｉesouttｈerｅbeｓｉｄestｈemｏonａndsｔars.Ｏｎeoｆthｅmost（27)ofthesｅisacome(彗星)CoｍetｓｗeｒeｆoｒｍedaroundtheｓametimetheＥａrthwaｓfｏrｍed.Tｈeｙare（28）ｉcｅandotherfroｚeｎlｉｑｕｉdsanｄgasｅｓ.(29)thｅse“dｉrｔysnowｂaｌls"beｇintoorbitｔｈesｕn,justａsｔｈeｐｌanetsdo.Aｓａcometgeｔsｃlosｅrｔotｈesun，ｓomｅgａｓesinitbｅgｉｎtｏｕnfreｅｚｅ.Ｔhey(3０)duｓtpaｒtｉcｌｅｓｆｒoｍthecｏmeｔtoｆoｒmahｕgecloｕｄ.Aｓtｈeｔgetseｖennｅaｒertothesｕｎ,asolａrwｉndbloｗｓｔhｅcｌoudｂeｈinｄthecoｍet,ｔhusｆoｒｍingitsｔail.Thetaｉｌanｄthｅ(31）fuzzy(模糊的)atｍoｓｐhｅreａroｕndacomｅｔａre(３２)tｈａtcａｎhelｐｉｄentifyｔhis(33)iｎtheｎｉghｔｓky.Inanｙgｉｖｅnyeaｒ,aｂouｔadozenｋnowncomｅｔｓcｏmecｌｏseｔｏtｈｅsuｎintheirorｂits.Theａveｒaｇｅpersｏｎcan'tｓeｅtｈemall，ｏfcouｒse.Usuａllｙｔｈereisonlyoｎeorｔwoayeａrｂrigｈteｎoughtｏbesｅenｗiththe(34）ｅyｅ.ＣｏｍetHale-Bｏｐｐ,ｄiｓｃｏｖeredin1995，ｗasaｎunｕｓｕalｌybｒｉｇhtｃomｅｔ.Itsｏrbitbrｏughtiｔ(35）closetothｅEａrｔh,within１22milliｏesofｉt．ButHale-Boppcａｍeaｌｏngwayonitseathlyvisit.Itwon'ｔｂebａckforaｎoｔhｅrfourthousanddｙearsｏｒso.PａrtＩＩＩＲeadinｇComprehenｓiｏnﻩ(40minｕteｓ)ＳeｃtioｎADirectiｏns:Inｔｈisｓｅctioｎ，tｈereiｓapassagewiｔhteｎｂlanks.Ｙｏｕaｒerｅquiredｔoselectｏnewoｒｄfoｒeａchblankfroｍaｌｉsｔofｃｈoiｃｅsgiveninaｗordbanｋｆollｏwｉｎgtｈeｐasａge.Reａdthｅpaｓｓageｔhrｏugｈcarefullybeforemａkingyoｕrchｏices.Eａchchoiｃeintｈebankisidentifiedbyaｌｅtteｒ.PlｅasemarktｈeｃoｒreｓpondｉｎgleｔterfoｒeacｈiteｍoｎAnｓwerＳheet2withａsinｇlｅlinethrouｇhthecentre.YoumaynotuｓeanyｏftｈeｗordｓｉntｈebankｍorethａnｏnceQueｓtｉons36to４5ａrebasｅdontｈｅfolloｗingpasｓage.Ｓcｈｏｌarsｏｆtｈｅｉnforｍａtionsocietyarediviｄedｏverｗhetherｓoｃiaｌineqｕaｌitｙdecreasｅsorinｃreasｅsiｎａniｎformaｔｉon-baseｄsoｃｉｅty．However,tｈeｙｇenerallyａgｒｅeｗiｔhthｅidｅａthａtiｎｅqualｌｔyｉｎtｈrｍaｈonｓoｃiｅtyiｓ36ｄｉffｅｒentfromthatｏｆaniｎdusｔriaｌｓｏｃiｅty．AＳinfoｒmatｉzatioｎｐroｇｒesｓｅｓinｓoｃｉetｙ,ｔheｃａuｓeａndstrucｔuraｌnaｔureofsocialiｎeｑｕａliｔｙchangesａswｅll.Ｉｔseemｓthatthｅinｆｏrmａｔｒoｎsoｃiety３7ｔhｅquanｔiｔyofｉnｆormatｉonavailａblｅtoｔhemｅｍbeｒsofasocieｔbyrevｏlｕtｉoniziｎgtｈewaysofuｓinganｄexcｈangingｉnforｍatiｏn．Buｔｓｕchｈaviewiｓa３8ａnalysｉsbasedｏnthｅquanｔiｔyofｉnformaｔioｎｓｕpｐlieｄｂyｖarｉｏusｆｏｒmsofteｅｍassmｅdia.Adifｆerｅnt39iｓposｓibｌｅwｈenthｅaｃtｕａlaｍoｕntofinformatiｏn40byｔｈｅｕserｉｓtakｅoacｃoｕnt.Ｉｎfａct，themoreinfoｒmａtion４1throuｇhoｕtthｅｅnｔiresocieｔy,thewiderthegａpbeｃｏmesbetｗeen“ｉｎfｏｎnaｔionhavｅs"anｄ"inforｍａtionhave-ｎots,"leadingtoｄiｇttａlｄiviｄe．Acｃordｉngｔorｅcentstｕｄies,dｉgｉtaｌｄividehａsbeｅnｃausｅdbｙthreｅmajor42:clａss,ｓｅx,andｇｅnerａtioｎ.Intermｓｏfclass，ｄｉｇｉtaldiviｄeexistsａmonｇdiffｅrｅnｔtｙpesｏｆworkeｒｓandｂｅtｗｅｅnｔhｅupperandｍiddｌeclａsｓesandｔheｌｏweｒｃlass.With4３ｔosex,diｇitaｌdividｅｅxistｓbｅtweenmenanｄｗoｍｅn．Thegreaｔestgap,howeveｒ，iｓｂetweeｎthｅNｅt-genｅrａtion.4４wiｔｈpeｒｓｏnaｌcoｍｐuｔerｓandtheiｎterｎet，andtheolｄergｅｎeration，45toaｎinｄｕsｔrialsociety．注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accustomedB）ａcquｉredＣ）ａssｅmblyＤ）atｔｒｉbuteE)ｃhampionｓＦ)elementｓG)exｐanｄsＨ)familiarＩ)ｆlｏwｓＪ)funｄamentａllｙK）inｔerｐretationL)pasｓiveM)ｒegaｒdN)respｅcｔiveｌyO）superficialＳｅctｉonBDiｒeｃｔions:Ｉnｔｈisseｃtioｎ,yoｕａｒegoiｎgtｏrｅaｄａpａsｓａgewｉｔhｔｅnsｔatementsatｔachｅdｔoit．Eaｃhsｔatemｅntcｏntainｓinformationgｉveｎinoｎeｏｆthｅparaｇｒapｈslｄｅｎtｉfythｅpａratgrａｐhfrｏmwhicｈtheinformatonisdｅrｉvｅd.Yｏumａｙchoｏseaparａｇｒaphmorethanoｎcｅ.Eaｃhparａgｒaｐhｉｓmaｒkｅdwｉthａletter.AｎswerthｅｑｕestiｏnsｂymarkinｇｔheｃｏrrespondiｎgｌetｔerｏnＡnswerSheｅｔ2．Joy：AＳubjecｔＳchoolｓLａckBeｃcatedshoｕｌｄnotｒｅquirｅｇｉｖiｎｇupplｅasuｒeA）WhenJonａｔhanＳwiftｐｒoｐoｓeｄ，iｎ17２９,tｈatthepeoｐleofIｒelandeaｔｔｈeirchildren,hｅinｓisｔediｔｗoｕldsolvethrｅeprｏｂlemｓatonｃｅ：feeｄthｅhungrｙmasｓes,rｅduｃeｔhepopulationduｒingasｅverｅdeprｅｓsion,andｓtimｕｌａtetｈｅｒesｔaurａnｔbｕsｉｎess.Evｅnasasatire(讽刺）,ｉｔseｅｍsｄｉsgusｔinganｄshｏｃkinｇinAmeｒicawithｉtsｃhiｌd-centerｅｄｃｕlｔｕre.Bｕtaｃtually，thｅcountｒｙiscloseｒtoｈispｒoposaltｈanyoumightthinkB)Iｆyｏuspｅndｍuchtｉｍｅｗitｈeducatoｒsandpoｌicyｍakeｒs,yｏu'llｈｅａrａlｏｔofthefollowinｇworｄs:"sｔandarｄs,"“resuｌts,"“ｓｋilｌs，"“self－controｌ,"“aｃcｏｕntability,"andｓｏｏn.Ｉｈaveviｓiｔeｄsｏｍeofｔheｎeweｒsupposedlｙ“effｅctｉve＂scｈｏoｌｓ，wｈerechildrenｓhouｔslogａnsinordertｏlearnseｌｆ-contｒolｏrmｕstｓtandbehinｄtheiｒdeｓkｗhenｔｈeycan'tsｉtstiｌlＣ）AＩｏｏKatwｈatgoeｓoniｎmostcｌasｓrｏoｍsthesｅｄayｓmakeｓiｔabuｎdantｌycｌｅaｒｔhaｔwｈeｎpｅｏplethinkaｂouteducation，theyarenotthinkiｎgaboutwｈａtiｔfeelsｌiｋｅtobeaｃhilｄ，oｒwhatmaｋesｃinldhｏodａnｉｍｐoｒtａｎｔａndvａlｕａblestageofｌifｅinitｓownriｇhtD)I'ｍaｍothｅrｏfthｒee，aｔeaｃher，andａdｅvｅlopmenｔａｌpsyｃｈoloｇist.ＳoI＇vｅｗａtｃhedaｌoｔofchildren-talkinｇ，playinｇ,argｕing,eatinｇ,stｕdying,aｎdbeingyｏｕng.Herｅ'swhatI＇vecｏmeｔoundｅrｓｔaｎd．Thethｉｎgthatｓｅtsｃhilｄｒenapａrｔfromaｄｕｌtｓiｓnoｔtｈeｉｒignoｒance，nｏｒtheiｒlａckoｆskills.It'ｓtｈｅireｎorｍｏuｓcapacityｆorjoｙ.Thinkoｆａ3-ｙｅar－olｄlostiｎthepleasuｒesofｆｉｎdｉｎgoｕtwｈathｅcananｄcａnｎoｔsｉnkinthebathtub,a5-ｙｅar-oldbesｉdeｈerselfｗｉｔhthethrilloｆputｔｉngtoｇethｅrstringsofnonｓenｓicalｗordswｉthheｒbｅstfriends,ｏran11-yｅar－oldｃｏmplｅtelyaｂsoｒbｅｄiｎaｆasciｎatinｇｃｏmicstrｉp．Achild'sａｂilitｙtobecomedeeplyabsorｂedinsoｍｅthinｇ,aｎｄdｅrｉveinｔeｎsｅｐleasurefroｍthａtａbsoｒptｉoｎ,ｉssｏｍｅthingadultsspｅndtｈeｒestoftheｉrlｉvｅstrｙiｎｇtoreｔuｒnto．E)Afｒｉendｔoldmethｅｆollｏｗingｓtory.Onｅday,whenhewenttogethiｓ７-year-ｏldsｏnfromsoｃcｅrｐｒactice,hiskidｇreｅteｄhiｍwithａdowｎcastｆaceanｄasadvoicｅ.Thecoacｈhadciticｉｚeｄhimforｎｏtfocｕsingonｈissocｃｅｒdrills．Ｔhｅlittleｂoywalkｅｄoｕtoｆthｅｓｃhoolｗｉｔｈｈisheaｄanｄｓhｏｕｌdｅrshaｎｇiｎｇdoｗn．Hｅsｅｅmeｄwrappｅdinｓadness．Bｕtjustbｅforeheｒeachedthｅcaｒdoor,ｈesｕdｄｅnｌｙｓtoｐped,ｃrｏucｈing(蹲伏)ｄowｎｔopeeraｔｓomethiｎgｏｎthesiｄewalｋ.Hisfacewentｄownlowｅrandloｗer,andthen，wtｉhｃompｌeｔｅjoｙheｃallｅdｏut,“Dad.Comｅhｅrｅ．ThisｉｓtｈestｒangestｂugI’veeverseen.Ithas，like,amiｌlｉｏnｌegｓ．Ｌookａtthis.It'sａｍaziｎｇ."Ｈelookeｄｕpａtｈｉsｆatｈer，hｉsfｅatｕreｓoverｆlｏwiｎｇwithｅｎerｇyandｄelighｔ.“Ｃan＇tｗｅstayhereｆorjustaｍinｕｔｅ？Iｗanｔtｏfindｏｕtwｈａthedoeswithallｔｈoselegs.Thisistheｃｏｏlestｅver."F)Thetraditionａlvｉｅwoｆsｕchmｏmｅｎtsisthａtｔhｅyconstituteacharmingbutirｒelｅvantbｙprｏdｕctofｙoｕth-ｓomethingtｏbｅpｕshｅdasidetomａkerｏomformoｒeimpｏrｔantquaｌiｔｉes,ｌiｋｅpｅrｓｅveｒance(坚持不懈),oｂｌiｇatｉon,andpractｉcaliｔy.YetmomｅntslikethiｓoｎeａｒejustｔｈeKindoｆinｔenseabsorptiｏｎanｄpleasｕｒｅadultsspenｄtheresｔｏftｈeirlivesseeking,Hｕmanliｖeｓａrｅgoｖｅｒｎeｄbythedeｓiretoexｐｅrienceｊoy.Becｏmingeｄuｃａｔeｄshouldnotrｅｑuiregiviｎgupjｏyｂｕtｒaｔheｒleaｄtofiｎdingｊoyinｎeｗkiｎdsofthings:ｒeadiｎgｎovelsinsteａdofｐlayiｎｇwithsmaｌlfiguｒeｓ,ｃonｄuｃtingｅｘperimenｔｓiｎｓteadoｆsｉnｋingcupsｉntｈｅｂａthtuｂ,anddebaｔｉngsｅriousisｓｕｅsrathertｈanstｒｉngingtogeｔheｒnｏnｓeｎseｗordｓ，forｅxampｌe.Ｉｎsｏｍeｃａｓes,scｈoolｓshouｌdhｅlpchｉlｄrenｆindnew,mｏrｅgrown－ｕpwaｙｓofdoiｎgthｅsamｅthｉｎgsthaｔareconｓtantsourcesｏfjoｙ:ｍakiｎgarｔ,ｍａｋingｆｒiends,maｋｉnｇdｅｃiｓioｎs.G)Buｉldingonａchiｌd'sabiliｔytｏfeeljoｙ,rａtherthanｐushingｉtａｓｉｄｅ，wouldn'ｔbethａtｈaｒd.Itwoｕldjｕstreqｕirｅaｓhiftiｎｔheeducａｔionworld’sminｄｓet(思维模式).lnｓｔeａｄｏftryｉngｔoｇeｔchildrｅｎｔoｗorｋharｄ,whｙnotfocusongettiｎgｔhemtotａkepleａsｕreinmeａｎｉｎgfuｌ,productｉｖｅactivity，ｌikemakingtｈｉngs，woｒｋingwithｏthers,exｐｌoriｎgiｄｅas,andsoｌｖiｎblems?TｈesefocｕｓｅsaｒenｏtsodifｆerｅｎtfrｏmｔhethingsinwｈicｈtheｙｄeligｈｔH)Beｆoreｙoubrusｈｔhｉsaｒgumｅｎｔasideaｓrｕbbiｓｈ,orthinkofjoｙasanunaffoｒdabｌｅｌuｘｕryiｎanatiｏnwhｅretheｒｅisａwｆuｌｐｏｖeｒtｙ，lowaｃademicacｈievement,aｎdhiｇｈdｒoｐoutraｔes，thinkagain．Theｍｏrehorriｂleｔｈeｓchｏｏlciｒcumｓtaｎｃｅs,ｔheｍoreimpoｒｔａntｐleasureistoaｃｈieviｎｇaｎyeduｃationalsucｃesｓＩ）Mａnyｏｆtheａsｓiｇnmentｓandruｌｅstｅachersｃomeupwｉth，ofｔｅnbｅｃausｅｔheyａrepｒessurｅdbythｅiraｄminｉstｒａtorｓ,treatｐleａｓureａndjoyａstheenemiｅsofcompeｔenceandresponsｉbility.Tｈｅaｓsumｐtiｏniｓｔhatchildｒenshouldn'tchatinｔhecｌassrｏombｅｃauseithinｄerｓharｄworｋ;insｔeａd，tｈeyｓhouｌdｌeaｒｎｔodeｌａyｇraｔｉfiｃation（快乐)sｏthａttｈeyｃaｎpｕrsuｅａbｓtrａｃｔgoals,liｋegoingtｏｃｏlｌｅｇｅ.J)Notoｎｌyｉｓｔhisabｏrｉｎｇanｄａwfuｌwaｙｔoｔｒeatchｉlｄrｅn,itmａkesｎosenseedｕｃaｔionally.Ｄeｃadeｓoｆrｅｓeａｒchhａｖeｓｈoｗnｔhatｉnordeｒtｏacquｉrｅskiｌｌsanｄrealknowlｅdgｅinｓｃhｏol,ｋidｓneeｄｔｏwanttｏｌeaｒｎ．Yｏuｃaｎforceacｈildtｏｓtayｉｎhisorherｓeat,fｉllouｔaｗｏｒkｓheet,ｏrpracticｅｄivision.Ｂutyoucan'tｆorｃeｔｈecｈilｄtoｔhinｋcarefuｌlｙ，eｎjoybooks,diｇesｔｃｏmplexinfoｒmation,orｄevｅｌopaｔastｅfｏrｌeａrning.Toｍaｋethathapｐｅn，youｈavetoheｌpｔｈechiｌdfiｎdpleasｕreｌnleamａnｇ-toseeｓchoolaｓaｓoｕrceoｆjoy.K)Adultｓtｅnｄtoｔａlkaｂoｕｔleａｒnｉｎｇａsifitweremedｉcine:unｐlｅａｓaｎt，ｂutneｃessaryanｄｇooｄfoｒyou.Whynotinstｅａdthinｋｏfleａmingasiｆitｗｅrefoｏd-sｏmethinｇｓoｖａluaｂlｅtoｈumaｎｓthatｔｈｅyhａveｅｖoｌveｄtoexpｅriｅnceitａsapleaｓure？L)Ｊoyshouldnoｔbetｒainｅdｏuｔoｆchiｌｄrenorleftｆorａfteｒ-ｓchｏoｌｐｒograms．Themoreｄifficｕltachild'sliｆecｉrｃumstaｎces,themｏreimportantiｔiｓｆoｒthａtchilｄｔofindjoyinhisｏrheｒcｌassroom.”Pleaｓuｒe"isnotadirtyword．Ａｎdｉtｄoeｓn'ｔruncouｎtertｏtheｇoａlｓofｐubliceｄucａｔion.Ｉtis,infact,tｈeｐｒｅcondiｔiｏn．注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46．Itwiｌlｎoｔbeｄifｆiｃulｔtｏmａkｅleamｉｎgasｏurceoｆjｏyifeducaｔorschａnｇｅtheiｒｗayoｆthinkiｎｇ47．Whaｔdiｓｔinguishescｈildrenｆromａdultsｉstheirstronｇabｉｌｉtytoderivｅjoyfｒomwhaｔｔhｅyareｄoing48.ＣhildrｅninAmｅrｉcaarebｅinｇtreatedｗithsｈockｉngcrｕeltｙ

49.Ｉtisｈｕｍannaturｅtoseekjoyinlｉfe.5０．Grown-ｕpｓaｒelikeｌyｔothinkthatlearｎｉngtocｈilｄrｅniswhatｍｅdｉｃineistopaｔｉenｔs51.Badschooｌcondｉtｉonsmａkeatalｌtｈｅmoreｉmpｏrtaｎttotuｒnleaｒnｉngintoajｏyfiulexperiｅncｅ.52．Adultsdonｏtconsiｄerchildren＇sfeｅｌiｎｇsｗhenｉtｃoｍｅｓｔoｅｄｕcatioｎ5３.Ａｄmｉnistｒａｔoｒsseｅmtobelｉevethatonlｙhａｒdｗorkwｉｌlleadcｈildrentotｈeiｒeｄucatｉoｎalgoａls.54.Intheso-called“effeｃtive"sｃhools，ｃhildrｅｎarｅtaughtｓｅlｆ-cｏntｒｏlunderasetｏfstrictrｕles55．Ｔoｍａkeｌearniｎgeffectiｖｅ，edｕcａtoｒsｈavｅtｏｅnsuｒetｈatchildrenｗanttolearn.SeｃtｉｏｎCDirections:Ｔhereａre2paｓsａgesｉnｔhiｓｓection.EaｃhpassageｉｓfolLowedbysoｍequestiｏnsoｒunfiniｓhedstatｅｍeｎts．FoｒｅachofｔhemtherearefｏｕrchoｉceｓｍarkｅdA),B),C）ａnｄＤ）.YoｕshoｕｌddｅcｉdeｏnｔhｅbestｃｈoiｃeaｎｄmarktｈeｃｏｒrespoｎdinglettｅrOnAnswerSｈeet2witｈasingleliｎethrouｇｈｔhecentre.PasｓａgeＯｎeＱuesｔｉons5６to60areｂａｓedonthefollｏwiｎｇpasｓａｇe．Whｅnit'ｓｆiｖeo'clｏｃk，peoｐleｌeａvetheiroｆfiｃe．Theｌengｔｈoftheｗoｒkdａy,formanｙwｏrkｅrsiｓｄefinedbytiｍe.Theyleaveｗhｅnthecｌocｋteｌlstｈemｔｈｅy'redone.Thｅsedaｙｓ,thetimeisｅｖerywｈｅｒe:nｏtjｕｓtｏnclｏcｋsorwatches，butｏｎcｅll－phonesanｄcompｕｔers.Thａtmaｙbeａｂadtｈｉng,paｒtｉculａｒｌyaｔｗｏrk．Newreｓeａrchｓhowsthatｃlocｋ-basedwｏrkschｅduｌesｈｉｎdｅrmｏraｌe(士气)ａndcreativiｙty.Cloｃk-tiｍersoｒｇanｉzetheｉrdａybｙblockｓofminutesanｄｈours.Foｒexａｍple:ａmeｅtingfrom9a．m．to１0a.ｍ.,rｅsｅarchｆom１０a.ｍ.tｏnｏon.etc.Oｎｔhｅotherhaｎd,task-tiｍersｈavealistｏfthｉｎgstheｙwanttoaccｏmplｉｓｈ.Ｔheyworｋdｏwｎtｈelist,ｅachtaskstａrtswhenｔhepｒevｉｏustasｋiｓcomplｅtｅｄ．Itissaidｔｈatallofuseｍｐloyamiｘofｂoththeｓetypesofplanniｎg.Whａt，ｔhen,aretheeffectsofthinｋingａbouttimeintheｓedifferｅntwaｙs?Doesonｅmakｅusmoreｐrｏduｃｔｉve？Bｅｔteratｔheｔaｓkｓａｔｈaｎｄ？Ｈａpｐiｅｒ?InexpeｒimｅntscｏnductedbyTamarAvneｔandAnne-LaureＳeｌlｉer,theｙhａdｐａｒｔicipanｔｓorganizeｄｉffeｒeｎｔａctivities-fromproｊectｐｌanning,hoｌidａysｈoｐping,toyoｇa-byｔimeｏrto-dolｉsttｏmｅasurehowｔheｙｐｅrfｏrｍｅdｕndeｒ"clｏckｔimｅ"vs“tasktime."Thｅyfounｄclocktiｍerstobemoｒeｅfficientbutlesshappyｂecａuｓethｅyｆeltlｉttlecoｎtroloｖertheｉrlives.Taskｔimｅｒsarehａｐｐieｒandｍorｅcreativｅ,butｄuｃtｉve．Thｅytendtoenjoyｔhemｏmenｔｗｈensｏmeｔhingｇoodishappeniｎg,andsｅｉzeopporｔunitiｅstｈatcomeup.Theresｅarcｈeｒsaｒｇｕｅthａttａsk－bａseｄorｇanizingtendstoｂｅuｎdervaluedandunｄer－supportｅｄｉnｔhｅbuｓineｓscuｌture.Smartcoｍpａｎiｅs,theｙbelievｅ,wｉlltryｔobakｅmoreｔaｓk-ｂａsedpｌａｎniｎginｔotheirstraｔegiｅs.Thismｉｇhtbeasｍａlｌchangｅtｏthewayｗeｖiewwoｒkandｔheoffｉcｅ,buttｈeresearcherｓarguethatitcｈａｌlｅｎgesawidesｐreａdcharａｃtｅriｓticoftheecｏnomｙ:worｋorｇaｎiｚedｂyｃｌocktime.Whilemｏstpeopｌｅwｉｌｌｓtillprobaｂlyneed,ａndbｅ,tｏsomeexteｎt,clｏｃk-tｉmers,taｓk-ｂasｅｄｔｉmiｎgshoulｄbeuseｄwhenpeｒｆｏrmｉngajoｂthaｔreｑuiｒesmｏｒeｃｒeaｔｉvity.It＇llmakethosetaskｓeasｉeｒ,ａndthetasｋ-doｅrｓwiｌlbｅhaｐpier.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡２上作答。５6.Whａtｄｏestｈeauthoｒｔhinkoftimｅdｉsｐlａyeｄｅｖerywhｅre？A)Itmaｋｅｓeｖｅrｙbｏｄｙtiｍｅ－conscioｕsＢ)ＩtｉsａconvenｉenｃefｏrwoｒkandlifeC)ＩtｍayhａｖｅanｅｇaｔiveｅffectoncreatiｖewｏrkD)Ｉtclearlyｉnｄicaｔｅsthefａsｔｐacｅofmｏdemlｉfe

57.Howｄopｅｏplｅusuａlｌygｏaboutthｅirwｏrkａcｃordｉngｔoｔｈｅauthor？Ａ)Ｔｈeyｃomｂｉnｅｃlock-basedａndｔaｓｋ-bａsｅdplanｎｉnｇＢ)ＴｈeygiｖeｐｒioritytotｈｅｍoｓturgentｔaskｏnhandC)TheyｓｅtａｔimelｉmiｔｆｏｒeａchspecifictaskﻩD)Theyacｃompliｓhｔｈｅirtａskｓonebyｏｎe5８.WhaｔdｉdTamａrAvnetａndＡｎnｅ－LauｒeSelｌierfindinｔｈeｉrexperiｍｅｎｔsaboutｃloｃk-ｔｉmｅrs？A)ThｅyｓeｉzeｏｐportｕniｔiesａsｔｈeｙcoｍｅuｐB）ThｅyａlwａysｇeｔtheirworkｄonｅintimeＣ)TheｙhaveｍｏｒecoｎtrolｏvｅrｔheｉrliｖｅsD)Thｅyteｎｄtoｂemｏｒeｐrｏｄuctiｖe５９.Whaｔdoｔhｅｒｅsｅarcherssayaｂouttoｄay＇sbusiｎesｓcuｌｔuｒe？A)ＩtｄoesnotsｕpportthestrategiｅsadoptedbｙｓmａrtｃompanｉesB）Ｉtdoesｎotattacheｎougｈimpoｒtanceｔotaｓk-bａseｄpｒacticｅC）Itｐｌacesmｏreeｍphasisoｎｗｏrkefｆｉciencｙｔhanonｗｏrkｅrs'liｖesＤ)Itaimstobrｉｎｇeｍployees'poｔenｔiａlandcreａｔivilyinｔofullｐlay60．Whatdothｅreseａrcｈｅｒssuｇgeｓt?A)Task-basedtimingiｓpｒｅｆerｒeｄｆorｄoiｎgcreativeworkB)Iｔisimｐortaｎｔｔokeepaｂalanceｂetweenwｏrｋａndlｉfｅ．C)ＰerformingcreativｅjoｂstendstｏmakeｗｏrkeｒshaｐpierD)AsｃｉｅntifｉcstaｎｄardｓhoｕｌdbｅadoptedinjoｂｅvaｌuatｉonPａssageＴwoＱuestｉons61tｏ65arｅbａsedonｔｈefollowingpassａgｅ．MarthaＳtewａｒtwaｓｃharged,triedanｄｃonvictedoｆacriｍｅin2023.Aｓsheｎｅarｅdtheｅndｏfｈerpriｓoｎsentencｅ，aｗｅll－kownｃｏlumｎisｔwrotetｈａtshewaｓ“ｐayinghｅｒdues,"ａndthaｔ“thｅreissｉmｐlynoreasｏnforanyonｅtｏａｔtempttoｄeｎyheｒrightｔoｓtarｔａｎew．"Suｒｅly，thｅAmericａniｄeａlｏfsecoｎｄｃhanｃeｓｓｈouldnｏtbｅreservedonlyｆorｔherichanｄpoｗerfｔul．Ｕnfoｒtuｎatelｙ,manyfedｅralａnｄstａtelａｗsｉmpｏｓｅpost-conｖicｔionｒeｓtrｉctioｎsonaｓhockｉnｇｌylaｒｇenumberoｆAｍericaｎs,ｗhoareｐreveｎtedfromeｖerｆullypaｙingｔheｉｒｄeｂttｏsocietｙ.Atｌeａｓt65ｍilｌioｎpeopｌｅinｔheUnitedＳtateｓhaveacrｉmiｎaｌrecord.Thiscanｒｅsultinseverｅpenaltiestｈａtcontｉnuelｏngａftｅrpｕniｓhmentiscompleteｄ．Ｍanyofthｅsｅｐeｎalｔiｅsareiｍpoｓedrｅgarｄlessoftｈeｓeriousnessofｔheoffｅnｓｅortheｐｅｒｓｏn'sindｉｖｉduａlciｒumstａnｃｅsLawsｃaｎrｅstriｃtｏrbanvotｉng,accesstopuｂｌiｃhousing,andproｆｅs-sionaｌandｂusinesslicｅnｓｉｎg.Theyｃanaｆfectａpｅrsｏn＇sabｉlitytogetａjobａndquaｌｉficationforbenefiｔs．Ｉnalｌ,moｒｅtｈaｎ４5,00０lawsａndｒuｌessｅｒveｔoｅxclｕｄevａｓtnumｂｅｒsofpeoｐleｆromｆｕllypartｉciｐatｉngｉnAmeｒicanlife．Someｌａwsmakｅsense.Ｎooneadvｏcａtｅslｅｔtingsomeｏnｅconvictｅdｏfpeｄoｐhｉlｉａ（恋童癖)woｒｋｉnaｓchool.Bｕttooofｔｅncｏlｌａteral（附随的)ｃonsｅqｕｅnceｓbeａｒnｏrelatioｎtopuｂlicsａfetｙ.Shｏuldaｗomanwhｏpoｓｓessedasｍaｌlamounｔｏfdrugsyｅarsagoｂepermanｅntlyunaｂｌｅｔｏｂｅlicensedasaｎｕrｓe?Thｅselawsaｒｅalｓocouｎｔerproduｃtive,ｓｉncetheymaｋｅitharderforpeｏpｌewiｔｈcriminａｌrecoｒdstofindｈousingoｒlandajob,twokeyfactorsｔhatreｄuｃebacksliding．Arecentreportｍakｅｓｓeveｒaｌｒecommｅndaｔiｏnｓ,ｉncludingthｅabｏｌitiｏｎofｍostpoｓｔｃoｎvicｔionｐenaｌties，excｅpｔforthosespeｃｉｆｉcalｌyneededtoprotｅcｔpublicｓafｅty.Whｅrｅtheｐenalｔｉesaｒenotaｍuｓt,theyｓhｏuldｂeiｍposedonlyｉfthefaｃtsｏfacａsｅsupportiｔ.Ｔhｅpｏｉntiｓnottoｅxcｕｓｅorfoｒｇｅttheｃrimｅ.Ratheｒ，iｔｉstｏrｅcoｇnizethａtｉnＡmerｉca＇svａstcrimiｎalｊusticｅｓyｓｔem,seｃｏnｄcｈaｎceｓarecrucial.Itiｓｉnnoone'sinｔereｓtｔoｋeeｐalaｒgesegmeｎtoｆthｅpopulatioｎonthemａrginsoｆsociety.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whaｔｄoestheweｌl-knｏｗnｃolｕmｎｉｓｔ'sｒemarkａｂoutMaｒthaStewａrtsugｇesｔ?A)Herpａstreｃordmightｓtandinhｅrwayｔoanｅｗlife．B)HerbusinessweｎtbａnkruptwhileshewａsiｎprｉsonC)Ｈerrelｅasefrｏｍprisｏｎhasdｒawnliｔｔlｅatｔentｉon.D）Herprisonsｅnｔencemiｇhthavebeenexｔendeｄ．62.WhatｄｏweleaｒｎfroｍｔheｓeconｄparagrａphabouｔmanｙcｒiｍinalsiｎAmenca？Ａ)Theｙbackslideafteｒservingtheｉrteｒｍsinｐrｉson.B)TｈｅyareｄeｐrivｅdoｆchａｎcｅstoturnoverａnewｌeafC）TheyrecｅiveseveｒeｐenaｌtiｅsforcomｍａttingｍinorofｆenseｓD)Theyareconvｉctｅｄrｅgaｒdleｓsoftｈeｉrindｉviｄualcircumsｔances

63.ＷｈａtaretｈecoｎseqｕeｎｃesｆormanyAmeｒicanｓwithａcｒｉmｉｎalｒecoｒd？A)TｈｅyｒemainpｏｏrforｔｈeｒestofｔheirlivesB)TheyａrｅdeprivedoｆａlｌsociａlbｅnefitsC)TｈeyaremaｒｇinaｌiｚeｄinsocietyD)Tｈｅyａrｅdeseｒｔeｄbythｅirfaｍｉly64．Whatdoｅｓtｈeauthorthaｎkoｆtｈepost－ｃｏnvｉｃtionlaｗsandｒules？A)TｈｅyhｅlptｏmａｉnｔａiｎsｏcｉａlstabilｉtyB)SomeoｆtheｍhaveｌongbｅenoｕtｄaｔedＣ）ＴheｙareｈａrdlyｕndｅrstooｄbｙtbｅｐuｂlicD）Alｏtｏfｔhemhavｅnｅgativeｅｆfｅctsonsoｃieｔｙ

65.Whatistheａｕｔhoｒ'smainpuroｓｅlnｗｒitingthepassａge？A)Tｏｃreａｔeoppoｒtunitiｅsｆorcriｍinalstｏreforｍthｅmselｖes.Ｂ）ToａpｐealforchangesiｎAmeｒｉｃa'sｃrimｉｎaｌjusticesyｓtemC)Toｅnsurｅthatｐeｏpｌｅwｉｔhacriｍｉnalrecordliveadｅcentlife.D)Tocａllｐｅｏple'sattenｔｉonｔopｒisｏnｅｒs'cｏnditionsinAmeｒica.ＰartIVﻩＴrａnslａtｉon ﻩ (3０minuｔes)Ｄｉrｅctｉouｓ：Foｒthisｐart，ｙouareallowed３０ｍinuteｓｔotraｎslateaｐaｓsagefｒomChｉｎeｓoＥnglish.YｏusｈｏｕldwriteyｏuranｓｗerｏnAnsweｒSheet２.云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。本地人中流传着许多关于因爱而生、为爱而死的故事。如今,在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂(parａdiｓe)。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PaｒtI Ｗritｉｎgﻩﻩ(30ｍiｎuｔes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分,之后将进行听力考试)Directiｏｎs:Ｆortｈｉsｐart,youaｒｅallowed3０minuteｓｔoｗｒｉteanessaycommentinｇontｈeｓａyinｇ＂Ｎｅvｅrgｏoｕttheretosｅewｈａthａppens,goouｔｔhｅretｏmａkｅtｈingshappen."Youcａnｃiｔeexampｌｅstoiｌlustｒaｔethｅiｍｐortancｅofbｅiｎｇpartｉcipantｓratheｒｔhanｍeｒｅonｔｏokersｉnlife．Youshoｕldwriｔeａｔｌeat120wordsbutnomorethan180wｏｒdｓﻬ2０23年12月四级听力原文第一版Part1短对话Quｅｓtion1-M:Doyouremeｍbｅrtｈewoｎderfuｌｆiｌmonspacｅｅxploratiｏnｗｅwａtchedtｏgetｈerｌastmontｈ？-W：Ｓuｒe。It’sａctuａｌlytｈｅｍｏｓｔimprｅssivｅoｎeI’veseenｏnthａｔtopｉc。Q：Ｗhatdowｅlｅaｒnabｏｕttｈesｐeakers？Qｕｅsｔion2-W：Aｒeyｏulｏoｋiｎgforanythiｎｇinpａrｔiculaｒ?-M：Yes。Mｙｓoｎｉsgraduaｔingｆromhighsｃhool,aｎdIｗantｔｏgｅthimsomethingｓpｅcｉａl。Q：Whｅrｅｄｏestheｃｏnｖｅrsationｍoｓtpｒobａblytakeplａce?Question3-M：Mikeｔoｌｄmeｙesｔerdaythathｅhａdbeenｌｏokｉｎgiｎｖａinfｏrajobｉntheartgallｅｒｙ。-Ｗ：Reａlly?ＩfIreｍｅmbeｒright，ｈehadａchancetoworkthere,ｂｕthetｕrｎｅdiｔdｏｗn。Q：WｈａtdoeｓｔhewｏｍansａyaｂoｕｔＭikｅ?Quesｔｉon4-Ｗ：WouｌdyouliketocoｍetoSusan’sｂirｔhdaｙparｔytoｍｏｒrｏwevenｉng?－M：I’mgoinｇtogivealectuｒetomｏｒrｏw。IｗisｈIｃoulｄbeinｔwoplacesatthｅsametiｍe。Q:Whatdoeｓtｈemanmeａn?Ｑuｅstiｏn5-Ｗ：Aｒｅn’tｙouｄｉｓcouｒagｅdbｙｔｈｅgｒeｓｓｙoｕrsｔafｆismaｋing?-M：Yｅs。ItｈinｋIｗiｌlgｉvethemadｅadlineandhoｌｄthemtoｉt。Q:Whatｉｓtｈemaｎprobablｙgoingtodo?Ｑｕesｔioｎ６-Ｗ:Ｅxcuｓemｅ。Coulｄyoｕｔｅllmewheｒetheｖisitoｒs’pａrkｉｎgiｓ?Iｌｅftｍｙcarthｅｒｅ。－M：Sure。Ｉｔ’ｓinLｏｔC。Overｔｈatwａy。Q:Wｈatdoesｔhewoｍanｗａｎttoｋnow?Ｑｕｅｓtion7－W：Ｙoulookgreat!Nｏｗtｈaｔyｏu’vｅtaｋentｈoｓｅfitnessｃlａｓses。-M:Thanｋs。I’vｅｎeverｆelｔbｅttｅrｉnｍylife。Ｑ:Whatdoｅｓｔhemanmeａｎ?Quｅstiｏn8-W：Ｉrealｌyａdmｉｒetheｅffiｃiencｙｏｆyｏursecｒetａriｅｓ。－M:Ｏurcompａｎyseｌectsonｌythebesｔ。Thｅｙhaveaheａvｅworkｌｏａdandwｅgivetheｍalotofｒespｏｎsibilitiｅs。Q:Whatarethesｐｅakerstａlkｉngａｂｏut？Ｐａrt2长对话Cｏｎveｒsｉon1W：HiＬ