（精品讲义）UNIT4SECTION3word版含答案2

06/707/7/[语法初识]原句感知自主探究①Popartaimedtoshowordinarytwentiethcenturycitylife.②Instead,apictureshouldattempttoshowthe“life”ofitssubject.③Pleaseshowushowtodothat.④Sheislookingforwardtostartingartclassesathernewschool.⑤Myparentsarefondofgoingtoartgalleries.⑥Ican'tstandshowingmypicturestopeopleuntiltheyarefinished.⑦Ithinkitisnousewaitinghereforsolongatime.1.句①②中的动词后跟不定式作宾语。2．句③黑体部分为“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语。3．句④⑤为介词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。4．句⑥中的动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。5．句⑦中的动词-ing形式在句中作主语。[语法剖析]语法点一动词-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语1．常用v.-ing作宾语的动词(短语)有：consider(考虑),dislike,enjoy,excuse,escape,practise,miss,mind,avoid,admit,risk,finish,imagine,keep,suggest,can'thelp,putoff,giveup,beworth,bebusy,begoodat,befondof,devoteto,feellike,lookforwardto,payattentionto,be/getusedto等。Imissbeingwithmyfamily.我很怀念与家人在一起(的日子)。Hehasgotusedtolivinginthecountryside.他已经习惯住在乡下了。[巧学助记]允许考虑二建议，忙于坚持多练习；承认喜欢多盼望，否认拖延可原谅；避免错过莫放弃，完成冒险没逃避。2．常用不定式作宾语的动词(短语)有：afford,aim,arrange,attempt,pretend,want,wish,threaten,hope,wish,expect,agree,learn,fail,decide,plan,promise,refuse,manage,offer,wouldlike/love等。Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。MyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英语老师答应借给我一些书。[巧学助记]三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝；设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。[名师点津]在动词feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等后面，如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词(有时是名词)，常用it作形式宾语，而把不定式后移。Hethoughtitagreatpitynottohaveinvitedher.没有邀请她，他觉得是一个很大的遗憾。3．可接“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,consider,know等。Haveyoudecidedwheretospendyourholiday?你决定去哪儿度假了吗？集中演练11－1.单句语法填空①Mymotherrefusedto_go(go)therewithus.②Mymotherdislikesseeing_(see)youwithme.③Wemustkeeppracticing_(practice)speakingEnglish.④Ican'thelplaughing_(laugh)everytimeIthinkofthat.⑤Shehappenedto_be(be)outwhenhecalled.⑥Ifeellikecoming_(come)withyou.⑦Iamtoobusytoday,soIcan'thelp(to)_clean(clean)theroom.⑧Ilookedforwardtoseeing(see)thatPatwasdriving.1－2.完成句子⑨我们将推迟去埃及游览的日期直到那儿的局势稳定下来。Wewillput_off_going_to_Egyptforsightseeinguntilthesituationtherebecomesstable.⑩我盼望收到你的来信。Iamlookingforwardtohearing_from_you．?我想知道你那道题的答案。Iexpectedto_know_the_answer_to_your_question．?在过去的几年里他花在帮助那些无家可归的人身上的时间被认为是非常有价值的。Thetimehehasdevotedinthepastyearsto_helping_the_homelessisnowconsideredto_be_of_great_value．?住在我们隔壁的是一对外国夫妻，他们好像已经适应了中国的生活。Nextdoortooursliveaforeigncouple,whoseemto_have_settled_into_lifeinChina.?他教我如何提高我的英语水平。Hetaughtmehow_to_improve_my_English．4．有些动词如hate,like,prefer,intend,continue,love等后既跟v.-ing形式又跟动词不定式作宾语，意思几乎是一样的，没什么差别。Hecontinuedtoborrow/borrowingmoneyfromhisboss.他接二连三地向老板借钱。[名师点津](1)love,like,hate,prefer等之后，用不定式表示某一具体动作或情况(一般在其前加would或should)；用动名词表示一般性动作(如爱好或习惯)。Ilikeskating.我喜欢滑冰。Iliketoskatetoday.我今天想去滑冰。(2)begin,start词后，既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语。但下列三种情形下其后跟不定式：①主语是物而非人时；②begin,start本身是ing形式时；③之后的非谓语动词是心理状态或精神活动如see,understand,realize等时。Theybegantounderstandtheirpastmistakes.他们开始认识他们过去的错误。Maryisbeginningtodoherhomework.玛丽开始做作业。(3)need,demand,want,require等在表示“需要”时，用动名词的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形式，但动名词形式更常见。Thewallneedstobepainted.＝Thewallneedspainting.墙壁需要粉刷了。5．有些动词既可跟v.-ing形式又可跟动词不定式，但意思截然不同。动词todosth.doingsth.remember记住要做……记得做过……forget忘记了要做……忘记了做过……try努力做……试着做……mean想要做……意味着……stop停下来去做……停止做……goon接着再做……(不同的事)继续做……(同一件事)regret遗憾做……后悔做了……can'thelp不能帮忙做……情不自禁做……Don'tforgettolockthedoor.别忘了锁门。Irememberpostingtheletters.我记得寄过信了。集中演练22－1.单句语法填空①Theheadmasterstartedto_wonder(wonder)whohaddoneit.②Irememberedseeing_(see)theAlpsforthefirsttime.③TothisdayIdonotregretmaking_(make)thatremark.④Wemusttryto_come(come)hereasearlyaspossible.⑤Thewindowneedscleaning/to_be_cleaned(clean)．2－2.单句改错⑥Judyalwaysrememberslockingthedoor.locking→to_lock⑦I'mbeginningworkingonmyessaynextweek.working→to_work⑧ShepreferstostayathometogoingoutonSundays.to_stay→staying⑨Ifwewanttocatchthe7：30train,thatwillmeantoleavethehouseat6：00.to_leave→leaving⑩Itwaslateatnight,buthewentontodohishomework.to_do→doing语法点二动词-ing形式作主语1．在下面的句型中，it是形式主语，v.-ing形式作真正的主语。Itisuseless(nouse,nogood,fun,noharm,awasteoftime,agoodpleasure...oing...Itisnogoodeatingtoomuchsweetfood.吃太多的甜食没有好处。2．v.-ing形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。Sayingiseasierthandoing.说比做容易。3．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。Smokingisforbiddenhere.这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验；不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)Tobecomeascientistismydream.成为一名科学家是我的梦想。(目的)集中演练33－1.单句语法填空①Playing(play)withfireisdangerous.②Learningnewwordsis(be)veryusefultome.③Itisawasteoftimediscussingsuchmatterswithhim.④Itmakesmehappyto_listen(listen)tomusic.⑤Itisnousecrying(cry)overspiltmilk.3－2.完成句子⑥到日本游玩是我今年的计划。To_go_to_Japan_for_a_visitismyplanforthisyear.⑦听音乐使我快乐。Listening_to_musicmakesmehappy.⑧每天熬夜没有什么好处。It's_of_little_goodstayinguptoolateeveryday.⑨他到这儿来将大有帮助。His_coming_herewillbeagreathelp.⑩做早操对我们很有好处。Doing_morning_exercisesdoesusalotofgood.[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2015·安徽高考)Ignoring(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.解析：句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者之间是主谓关系，因此用动名词作主语。2．(2014·湖南高考)Understanding(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.解析：所填词做题干的主语，应用动名词形式，且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式。3．(2014·山东高考)It'sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisoneto_empty(empty)asecurityofficer.解析：本题考查非谓语动词之不定式作主语。空格前“这是这种公司的常规做法”中的it实际就是“toemployasecurityofficer”(雇用保安)。根据句型“Itisa＋n.＋forsb.todosth.”，故选择toemploy作真正的主语。4．(2013·浙江高考)Hearing(hear)howothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.解析：句意：听到别人对你刚读的一本书的反应会增加你的快乐感。youhavejustread为省略that或者which的定语从句，createsanaddedpleasure是谓语和宾语，空格处需要填一个可作主语的非谓语动词。hearing为动名词，可作主语。5．(2013·福建高考)Knowing(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.解析：本题主要考查动名词短语作主语的用法。句意：了解基本的急救知识将帮助你迅速应对突发事件。Knowingbasicfirst-aidtechniques在句中作主语。6．(2012·浙江高考)Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit'sbetterto_remain(remain)silent.解析：it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：toremainsilent。可归结为句型：itis＋形容词/名词＋todo/that...。当然it也可以作形式宾语，如find/feelit＋todo/that...。7．(2012·福建高考)ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsbeing_attacked(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.解析：preventsb.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人做某事”，本句中的fishingboats和attack之间是被动关系，故用beingattacked。8．(2012·北京高考)Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesandcorrecting(correct)them.解析：并列结构，making与correcting并列。[针对演练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Areyoufondofchildrenrunning(run)aboutaroundyou?2．Hepromisedto_come(come),buthehasn'tarrived.3．Hewentontelling(tell)usstoriesafterashortrest.4．It'simportantforthefiguresto_be_updated(update)regularly.5．Ilookforwardtoavoiding(avoid)making(make)mistakes.6．Hiscoming(come)madeusveryhappy.7．It'snousebuying(buy)booksbutnotreadingthem.8．Buryinghimselfinworkmakes(make)itpossibleforhimtoachievehisgoal9．Wethinkituselesslearningatheorywithoutpractice.10．Hearingthedoorbell,shestoppedto_open(open)thedoor.Ⅱ.完成句子1．——你认为是什么事使玛丽如此难过？——她丢了新电动车。—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—Losing_her_new_electric_bicycle．2．你千万不要错过看这部精彩的电影。Youcertainlymustn'tmiss_seeing_this_wonderful_film．3．我很遗憾地告诉你那是不可能的。Iregret_to_inform_youthatitisimpossible.4．这项工作需要特别小心地去做。Thejobwantsto_be_done/doingwithgreatcare.5．没有人告诉我在哪儿可以找到这本书。Nobodycouldtellmewhere_to_get_the_book．Ⅲ.短文改错HikinghasbecomepopularinChinaduringrecentyears,andmoreandmorepeo