英语四六级2013年12月改革后复习1提供.等多个文件

1312116句，传统文化考点将一分不丢。推荐大家到word中打印出来天天看！本文也适用于针对四六级作文考纲“民族传统”程同步。人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。ChineseDragonDragontotemworshipinChinahasbeenaroundforthelast8,000years.TheancientsinChinaconsideredthedragon(orloong)afetishthatcombinesanimalsincludingthefish,snake,horseandoxwithcloud,thunder,lightningandothernaturalcelestialphenomena.TheChinesedragonwasformedinaccordancewiththemulticulturalfusionprocessoftheChinesenationTotheChinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandYangkoisoneoftraditionfolkdanceofHaninChina.Itisusuallyperformedinnorthernprovinces.Thedancersusuallywearcolorfulandlightcostumes,andtheperformanceispowerfulandrapid.DuringsomefestivalssuchasSpringFestival,LanteinFestival,ifpeoplehearthesoundofdrumandgong,nomatterhowcoldtheweatheris,theywillcometostreetandappreciatetheYangko.Recentyears,theoldpeopleincityofeast-northernofChinaorganizedtheteamofYangkobythemselves,theteamerskeeptheirhealthbydancingYangkothewholeyear.、三是人类创造的世界之一。如果你到了中国却没去过，就想到了巴黎没有去天我们看到的——东起山，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在修建的。、TheGreatWallisoneofthewondersoftheworldthatcreatedbyhumanbeings!IfyoucometoChinawithoutclimbingtheGreatWall,it'sjustlikegoingPariswithoutvisitingtheEiffelTower;orgoingtoEgyptwithoutvisitingthePyramids!Menoftensay,"HewhodoestnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman."Infact,itbeganasindependentwallsfordifferentstateswhenitwasfirstbuilt,anddidnot ethe"GreatWall"untiltheQinDynasty.However,thewallweseetoday,startingfromShanhaiguanPassintheeasttoJiayunguanPassinthewest,wasmostlybuiltduringtheMingDynasty.四、DumplingsDumplingsareoneoftheChinesepeople’sfavoritetraditionalAccordingtoanancientChineselegend,dumplingswerefirstmadebythemedical--ZhangZhongjing.Therearethreestepsinvolvedinmakingdumplings:1)makedumplingwrappersoutofdumplingflour;2)preparethedumplingstuffing;3)makedumplingsandboilthem.Withthinandelasticdoughskin,freshandtenderstuffing,delicioustaste,anduniqueshapes,dumplingsarewortheatinghundredsoftimes.There’sanoldsayingthatclaims,“Nothingcouldbemoredeliciousthandumplings”.DuringtheSpringFestivalandotherholidays,orwhentreatingrelativesandfriends,Chinesepeopleliketofollowtheauspiciouscustomofeatingdumplings.ToChinesepeoplewhoshowhighreverenceforfamilylove,havingdumplingsatthemomenttheoldyearisreplacedbythenewisanessentialpartofbiddingfarewelltotheoldandusheringinthenewyear.饺子是深受喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：百食不厌民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语接亲待客逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，五、AcupunctureAcupunctureisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinesemedicineTCM).Inaccordancewiththe“mainandcollateralchannels”theoryinTCM,thepurposeofacupunctureistodredgethechannelandregulateqiandbloodsoastokeepthebody’syinandyangbalancedandachievereconciliationbetweentheinternalorgansItfeaturesintraditionalChinesemedicinethat“internaldiseasesaretobetreatedwithexternaltherapy”.Themaintherapyofacupunctureinvolvesusingneedlestopiercecertainacupointsofthepatient’sbody,oradoptingmoxibustiontostimulatethepatient’sacupointssoastostimulatethechannelsandrelievepain.Withitsuniqueadvantages,acupuncturehasbeenhandeddowngenerationaftergenerationandhasnowspreadallovertheworld.Nowadays,acupuncture,alongwithChinesefood,kungfu(otherwiseknownasChinesemartialartsandtraditionalChinesemedicinehasbeeninternationallyhailedasoneofthe“fournewnationaltreasures.”六、ChineseKungFuChinesekungfuorChinesemartialartscarriestraditionalChinesecultureinabundanceItisatraditionalChinesesportwhichappliestheartofattackanddefenceincombatandthemotionsengagedwithaseriesofskillandtricksThecoreideaofChinesekingfuisderivedfromtheConfuciantheoryofboth“themeanandharmony”and“cultivatingqi”(otherwiseknownasnourishingone’sspirit).Meanwhile,italsoincludesthoughtsofTaoismandBuddhism.Chinesekungfuhasalonghistory,withmulti-varioussectsandmanydifferentboxingstyles,andemphasizescouplinghardnesswithsoftnessandinternalandexternaltraining.Itcontainstheancientgreatthinkers’ponderingoflifeandtheuniverse.Theskillsinwieldingthe18kindsofweaponsnamedbythelatergenerationsmainlyinvolvetheskillsofbare-handedboxing,suchasshadowboxing(Taijiquan),formandwillboxing(Xingyiquan),eighttrigrampalm(Baguazhang),andtheskillsofkungfuweaponry,suchastheskillofusingswords,spears,two-edgedswordsandhalberds,axes,tomahawks,kooks,prongsandsoon.的中国民族传统文化。其思想是儒家的中和养气，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。七、ChinesecharacterswereinitiallymeanttobesimplepicturesusedtohelppeoplerememberthingsAfteralongperiodofdevelopmentitfinallybecameauniquecharactersystemthatembodiesphoneticsound,image,idea,andrhymeatthesametime.Thewritingsystem,whichwasextremelyadvancedinancienttimes,beganwithinscriptionsonbonesandtortoisess,andtheseareregardedastheoriginalformsofChinesecharacters.Afterwards,Chinesecharacterswentthroughnumerouscalligraphicstyles:bronzeinscriptionsofficialscriptregularscriptcursivescriptrunningscriptetcChinesecharactersareusuallyroundoutsideandsquareinsidewhichisrootedinancientChinesebeliefsofanorbicularskyandarectangularEarth.ThefivebasicstrokesofChinesecharactersare“---“(thehorizontalstroke)“│”(theverticalstroke),“／”(theleft-fallingstroke),“＼”(theright-fallingstroke),and“乙”(theturningstroke).八、ChineseChopsticksTheChinesewayofeatingwithchopsticksisuniqueintheworld.Therecordedhistoryofchopsticksstartedmorethanthreethousandyearsago.ChopstickswerenamedzhuinancientChinese.Theylookdeceptivelysimpletouse,butpossessmulti-variousfunctions,suchasclam,turningover,liftingup,raking,stirring,scoo,poking,tearing,andsoon.ChopsticksweretakenasanauspiciousmascotbyordinarypeopleinancientChina.Forexamplethepartialtoneofchopsticksisoftenusedbypeopleasametaphoratweddingstoindicateablessingorbenedictionforthecoupletohaveababysoon.Unlikeusingaknifeandforkorone’sownhands,apairofchopsticksalsoimpliesthemeaningof“Harmonyiswhatmatters”.ChopsticksarehighlypraisedbyWesternersasahallmarkofancientorientalcivilization.使用筷子就餐的方式在世中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使叉以及手抓的方式不同，成双结对的筷子含九、ChineseSealAsealcanalsobedefinedasastamp.BoththeChineseofficialandprivatesealofvariousdynastieshavedifferenttitles,suchasstamp,zhunote,contract,fuleaseandothersThesealsusedbytheemperorsofancientChinawerecalledxi,yin,bao,etcAccordingtohistoricalrecordssealswerewidelyusedduringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475BC-221BC).Themakingofasealistoengravefonts,suchassealcharactersandofficialscriptandsoon;orimagesintheformofintaglioandembossmentintotheseal,basicallyshapedasroundorsquare.Coveredwithavermilionoverlay,theChinesesealisnotonlyusedindailylife,butitisalsousedtorepresentsignaturesonpaintingsandcalligraphies.ItisgraduallyingoneofChina’suniqueartworks.章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。用朱色钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐特有的艺术形式之一。十、ChineseEraTheChineseeraisthesymbolthattheChinesecalendarusesforrecordingandnamingyears.ThetenHeavenlyStemsare:jia,yi,bing,ding,wu,ji,geng,xin,ren,gui.ThetwelveEarthlyBranchesare:zi.chou,yin,mou,chen,si,wu,wei,shen,you,xu,hai.Afterobservingthelunarmonth,theancientsfoundthatthemoonalwayswazesandwanesroughly12timesayear,andtwolunarmonthsaccountforabout60dayssotheorderofthetenHeavenlyStemsandtheorderofthetwelveEarthlyBranchesareproperlymatchedinturn.Intermsofrecordingdate,60yearsisconsideredtobeafulltimecycle.TheChineseerachronologywasfirstinventedinancienttimesandisstillinusenow.accordingtothechronologyofthe“tenHeavenlyStems,”2011istheyearof“theseventhofthetenHeavenlyStems”and“thefifthofthetwelveEarthlyBranches”.1260天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法，2011C十一、hineseBeijingOperaPraisedas“OrientalOpera”,BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessenceofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,ingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaisablendofperformingarts---songspeechperformanceacrobatixfightinganddanceBeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypesofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng(maledanyoungfemalejingpaintedfacemaleandchou(clown,maleorfemale).京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。它于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演化的表演，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（）、旦（女性）、净（）、丑（女性皆有）四大行当。十二、ChineseTaoismTaoismfirstoriginatedinChina.ThefounderofTaoismisLaozi,aphilosopherandthinkerwholivedinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC-476BC).TaoTeChingwhoseauthorshiphasbeenattributedtoLaozi,isconsideredtobethemainTaoistclassic.Taoismadvocatesthevalueofahumanbeing’slife,mendsthediscardingofalldesiresandworriesfromone’smind,andencouragesthecultivationofmoralcharacterandthenourishmentofhumannature.ThefollowingisanexampleofLaozi’sgoldensaying:Thewaythatcanbetoldofisnotanunvaryingway;Thenamesthatcanbenamedarenotunvaryingnames.ItwasfromthenamelessthatHeavenandEarthsprang;Thenamedisbutthemotherthatrearsthetenthousandcreatures,eachafteritskind.Truly,onlyhethatridshimselfforeverofdesirecanseethesecretessences;Hethathasneverridhimselfofdesirecanseeonlythe ChineseIdiomsChineseidiomsrefertocomprehensiveandintegratedfixedphrasesandexpressions.Idiomsareestablishedandacceptedbyconstantusageandcommonpractice.Anidiomisalanguageunitthatislargerthanaword,buthasthesamegrammaticalfunctionasaword.MostChineseidiomsconsistoffourcharacters.Forexample,ziqiangbuxi(makeunremittingeffortstoimproveoneself),qingchuyulan(bluerthanindigoandhoujibofasuccesscomeswithtimeandeffortIdiomsareextratedfromfolkproverbsancientworksofliteraturepoemsfablesallusionsandwell-knownsayings.IdiomsareapartoftheChineselanguagethatareconciseandhavegreatvitality.十四、Chinaisthehomeofsilk.MulberryplantingsericulturesilkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsoftheancientChineseAsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties(1600BC-256BCtheChinesepeople’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-25AD),ZhangQian,anoutstandingdiplomattravelledaroundcentralAsiaandconnectedChinawiththePersianGulfandtheMediterraneanopeningupaneweraofSino-foreigntradeexchangeandcommunication.FromthenonChina’ssilkbecamewellknownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolorandabundantcultureconnotationsHitherto,ChinesesilkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolofChinesecultureandtheemissaryoforientalcivilization. 十五、ChineseClassicalGardenTheChineseclassicalgardenisaprecioustreasureofourancientChinesearchitectureItisakindofenvironmentartwhichsystematicallycombinesartificialmountainsandrivers,plantsandbuildingswiththenaturallandscape.TheconstructionstandardofaChineseclassicalgardenis“artificialasitis,thegardenmustlookingeniousandnatural.”WhenyougosightseeinginaChineseclassicalgarden,youshouldbeabletoappreciateitsartisticconceptwhichmakesuseofthenaturallandscapetocreatetherealfunofmountainsandriversforviewers.”Oftheworld’sthreemajorgardensystemstheChineseclassicalgardenishailedasoneoftheoriginso