2021年北京市西城区高三二模英语试题

西城区高三模拟测试2021.5英语2021.5本试卷共14页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ChadTurnsdeliversforUPSinthesmalltownofDauphin,andisbelovedbyhiscustomers.AsseeninavideopostedtoFacebook,whenTurnsdroveintoaparkinglotforwhathethoughtwasa__1__uponTuesday,hewasgreetedinsteadbyadozenresidentsclappingandyelling,“__2__,Chad!”Turnswassoovercomewithemotionthathepulledouthishandkerchieftowipehis__3__.“Turnsiswell-knownforhisthoughtfulnessand__4__,”residentJennyShickleysaid,addingthatheoftenleavestreatsfortheirdogswhendeliveringpackages.SheorganizedthespecialeventafterpeoplecommentedinagroupFacebookpostaboutwhata(an)__5__jobTurnswasdoing.Sheraised$1,000forTurnsintwoweeksinthesmalltown.Thegroupgavehimthegenerousgiftwithalargecardsignedbymembersofthe__6__.JennysaidTurnshadtakencareofthemforayearandtheywantedtotakecareofhim.“Itis__7__thatthiscommunityfeelssostronglyaboutme,”Turnstoldthereporter.HesaidallUPSdriversdeservetobethankedinthisway.Healsoaddedthathewillpayit__8__bycontinuingtoprovidethegoodservicethatheisknownfor.“ChadisagreatUPSer,”UPSspokespersonJackieFajtsaidinastatement.“Celebrationslikethisreallyhighlightthe__9__ourdrivershavewiththeircustomerbase.WeappreciatethatUPSdriverslikeChadarebeing__10__forhowtheyaremovingourworldforward.”A.pick B.check C.warm D.moveA.Watchout B.Thankyou C.Cheerup D.HelpusA.eyes B.nose C.mouth D.handsA.determination B.courage C.patience D.kindnessA.new B.easy C.good D.usefulA.class B.company C.family D.communityA.surprising B.touching C.interesting D.challengingA.out B.down C.forward D.offA.bond B.problem C.lesson D.wordA.attracted B.recognized C.encouraged D.adopted第二节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AOneday,amanfoundthepupa(蛹)ofabutterfly._____11_____(see)anopeninginthepupa,herealizedthatthebutterflywasreadytoemerge.Sohesatdownandwatchedasthebutterflystruggledtoforceitsbody_____12_____thelittlehole.However,minutespassedandthebutterflystillcouldn’tgetout.Thestrugglewastoohardforitsweakbody.Themanthen_____13_____(kind)enlargedtheholeinthepupasothatthebutterflycouldfinallybreakfree.Butinsteadofflyingaway,itjustdraggeditselfaroundweakly,thendied.Thestruggletobreakoutofthepupawasnecessaryforthebutterfly’ssurvival_____14_____itenableditswingsandbodytogrowstrong.Withoutthestruggle,itwastooweaktolive.BSmartphoneshavebecomeanessentialpartofourdailylives.However,_____15_____(protect)youngerstudents’eyesightandmakesuretheyfocusontheirstudies,primaryandmiddleschoolswillhavemorespecificrulestolimitstudents’mobilephoneuseoncampus.TheMinistryofEducation_____16_____(release)anoticeinJanuarythatrestrictsprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsfromcarryingmobilephonestoschool.Thosewhostillrequiretheirphonesforsomereasonmustgettheirparents’andteachers’approvalandmusthandtheirphonesoverduringclasstime.Thepolicyaimstoimprovestudents’focusonstudyandfightfor_____17_____(addict)totheinternetandgames.CMicroplastics,referringtoplasticfragmentsandparticles(碎片和微粒)lessthan5millimetersindiameter(直径),havebeenfoundonMountQomolangmaashighas8,440metersabovesealevel,just408.86metersbelowthepeakofthemountain,accordingtoarecentstudypublishedinthejournalOneEarth.Scientistscollectedsnowandwatersamplesfrom19different_____18_____(spot).Theyfoundmicroplasticsinallthewatersamplesandpartofthesnowsamples.Themost_____19_____(pollute)samplewasfromtheBaseCampinNepal,_____20_____mosthumanactivityonthemountainisconcentrated.Ithad79particlesofmicroplasticsperliter第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIcelandhaslongbeenidentifiedashavinguniqueenvironments.Hereyoucanwalkandswimbetweentectonic(地壳构造的)plates,bathingeothermalwaters,andexperiencethewildlandscapes.Furthermore,theseuniqueenvironmentshaveattractedthespace-sciencecommunitytouseIcelandasoneofitstestsitesformissionstravellingtoMars(火星).ArriveinReykjavik.DAY1Aftercheck-in,youwillvisitthegeothermalpoolsoftheBlueLagoontorelaxafteryourflight,beforereturningtoyourhoteltofreshenup.YouwillthenheadtotheAuroraBasecampObservatory,whereyouwillbeabletoseethenorthernlightsrecreatedindoors.Intheevening,spaceexpertNiamhShawwillgivethefirstoftwotalksonourattempttoestablishbasesonotherplanets.DAY2Afterbreakfast,youwillsetoutonspecialvehiclestowardsPingvellirNationalPark,aregisteredUNESCOworldheritage(遗产)siteaccompaniedbyNiamh.Here,youwillhavetheopportunitytodosomethingthatyoucan’tdoanywhereelse,theopportunitytoswimbetweenthetectonicplates.Intheevening,youwillenjoyasecondtalkfromNiamh.DAY3Todayyoubeginyourjourneytowardsthe2020NASAtestsite,wheretheNASASAND_EMarsRoverisbeingtested.NASAscientistswillbeonhandtoexplaintheproject,alongwithupdatesofthecurrentMarsmissionsandthemostrecentfindings.DAY4In2019,IcelandSpaceAgencyhostedtheISAGEVRIExpeditiontoGrimsvotnVolcanoontopoftheVatnajokullGlacier(冰川)tofieldtesttheMSIMarsAnalogSpacesuitdesignedbytheNASA/Johnsonspacecentre.Wewillbeworkingtogetherwiththeagencytocreateauniqueexperienceforyoutodayontheglacier.DAY5Intheafternoon,youwillreachthebridgebetweenthecontinents,spanningagapinbetweenthetwotectonicplates,onyourwaytoKeflavikAirportandyoureveningflighthome.WhowouldbemostinterestedinthistravelarrangementtoIceland?A.Fictionwriters. B.Spaceenthusiasts.C.Wildlifeprotectors. D.Professionalswimmers.WhichdaysincludechancestoexperiencesomethingaboutMars?A.Day1andDay2. B.Day2andDay3.C.Day3andDay4. D.Day4andDay5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestpromotethistour?A.“Wehopetoofferyouagreatopportunitytoenjoyhiking.”B.“WewillletyouexplorehowNASAisapartofeverydaylife.”C.“Wewanttohelpyoudiscoverspacesciencethroughthejoyoftravel.”D.“WewillprovideyouachancetoexperiencethecultureneartheArcticCircle.”BSawyerCurrent’sfirstvisittoIslaMujeres,asmallislandoffthecoastofCancun,Mexico,wasmeanttobeagetaway.Butinsteadofrelaxingonwhitesandbeaches,Currentwasdisappointedatthenumberofunwantedanimalswanderingthestreets.“Dogswereeverywhere,comingoutofthebushesandalongthesidesoftheroad,”sherecallsofthattrip25yearsago.“Theyweredirtyandcoveredwithfleas(跳蚤)andscars.”“Itwassad,”shesays.“Ijustcouldn’tstandtowatchit.”Currentdecidedtohelpfixit.ShebuiltasecondhomeonIslaMujeresin2000,andbeginningwithaskinny,toothlesscatsherescuedfromthestreets,shewentontofindhomesformorethan2,000dogsandcats.Today,thankstoCurrent’sefforts,theislandnolongerhasawild-dogproblem,and“peoplearemoreawareoftheirpets’needs,”saysMarcelinoVelazquez,34,apropertymanagerfromIslaMujeres.“Theyvaccinate(打疫苗)themanddon’tabandonthemonthestreets.Thewayofthinkinghaschanged.”ForCurrent,itwasahard-foughttransformation.“AtfirstIwasangryandthoughtitwashorrible,”Currentsaysoftheconditionsontheislandwhenshebeganherwork.“Buttheseweren’tbadpeople.Theywerepeoplewithoutresources.”Whenshefirstarrived,thecommunityhadnosmall-animalvet(兽医),andanimalcontrolconsistedofateamofgovernmentworkerswho’droundupstreetdogsinatruckandkillthem.“Iusedtofollowthetruck,andwhenthey’dgoforlunch,I’dletthedogsout,”shesays.“OnetimeIlettheairoutoftheirtires(轮胎).”Atonepointshewascaringformorethan65rescueddogsinherhome,andsheestimatesshehasspentabout$1millionofherownsavingsonherefforts.“Itwasexhausting,”sheadmits.NowIslaAnimalshasanon-siteshelterwithasmallstaff,andmanyvolunteersanddonorsamongtheisland’stourists.Eachyearthegroupre-homesmorethan170pets,manyofwhichflywithvolunteerstofamiliesintheU.S.andCanada.“There’snothingintheworldlikefindingastarvingdog,nursingitbacktogoodhealthandfindingitalovinghome,”Currentsays.WhatmadeCurrentfeeldisappointedwiththeisland?A.Insectsbitingpeople.B.Peoplewithoutresources.C.Housesinpoorconditions.D.Animalsabandonedinthestreets.WhydidCurrentfollowthetruckandlettheairoutofitstires?A.Toshowthelocalpeoplehowtosolvetheirproblems.B.Todrawpublicattentiontowhatshewasdoing.C.Tostoptheworkersfromkillingtheanimals.D.Tohelpthegovernmentpunishbadpeople.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeCurrent?A.Loving. B.Ambitious. C.Intelligent. D.Cautious.CUrbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.Byputtinginthedifferentroutesbywhichvehiclescantravelbetweenlocations,researchershavedevelopedanewcomputeralgorithm(运算法则)thathelpsquantifyregionsofjamsinurbanareasandsuggestswaysaroundthem.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofPhysics:Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure(基础设施)anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.Theteamapproachedtheissuebydesigningacomputeralgorithmtocapturethetopology—orrelationshipbetweenthedifferentroutesbetweenlocations—ofroadnetworks.“WefoundthatthemostsignificanttrafficbottlenecksinManhattanseemtoariseasaresultofthecity’sstructurallayout,”saidstudyco-authorDanielCarmody.“Forexample,thefactthatabridgeentersManhattanatarangewheretrafficisalreadylimitedduetoCentralParkslowstrafficintheareaconsiderably.”TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totestifthealgorithmworksequallywellinareaswithdifferentlayouts.Manhattanhasalongandthinstructure,whileChengduisround.Therearesignificantdifferencesinthewaytrafficmovesbetweenthesetwodifferentsetups,theresearcherssaid.“ThebottlenecksinChengduseemtoariseduetothefunctionofthebuildingsinaparticulararea,”Carmodysaid.“Forexample,itishardtotravelinandoutofthecentralbusinessdistrictinChengdubecauseofthelargeamountoftrafficalone.Beltways,orfasterstreetsaroundbusyareas,haveemergedincirclesaroundthisarea,whichisnotsurprisingbecausethisfeaturewasintentionallybuiltintothecity.”InManhattan,thebridgesandunderpassesthatformtheentryandexitpointscausetrafficslowdowns.However,inlowerManhattan,wheredriversseemtoobeythelowerpostedspeedlimits,trafficmovesmoresmoothly,forminganewtrafficbeltwaywiththesouthernendofCentralParkactingasablockbetweenlowerandcentralManhattan.“ItsurprisedusthatthereisanemergentbeltwayinsuchabusyareaofManhattan,”Carmodysaid.“Thisindicatesthat,unlikeinChengdu,beltwaysseemtoarisefromdriverbehaviorevenwhentheyaren’tpartofthestructuralplanofatrafficnetwork.”“Theresearchershaveimaginedthatthistechnologycouldgiveurbanplannersameanstoquantifytrafficpatterns,leadingtobettertraffic,”Carmodysaid.“Asmethodsoftransportationdevelop,newproblemswillemerge,andwehopethatourtoolswillgiveplannersnewwaystomeasurewhatisgoingonwithcitytraffic.”Accordingtothenewstudy,whatcontributestotrafficjamsinManhattan?A.Thenumberofbottlenecksandbeltways.B.Thelocationofbridgesandunderpasses.C.Roadfacilitiesanddriverbehavior.D.Roadsignsandurbanpopulation.ResearchersalsostudiedChengduinorderto__________.A.comparethelayoutsofthetwocitiesB.findbetterinfrastructureforonecityC.designtrafficpatternswiththealgorithmD.assesstheeffectivenessofthealgorithmWhydovehiclesmovefasterinlowerManhattan?A.Becauseoflowerpostedspeedlimits.B.Becausedriversfollowthetrafficrules.C.Becauseitisplannedinthetrafficnetwork.D.Becauseabeltwayhasemergedaroundthearea.Whoisthetargetofthisnewcomputeralgorithm?A.Cityplanners.B.Slowerdrivers.C.Infrastructuredevelopers.D.Roadsigndesigners.DBecausethecommercialinternethasbeendevelopedwithsolittleregardforprivacy,techcompanieshavebeenabletoturnpersonaldataintoconsiderableprofits,raisingbillionsofdollarsofftheirabilitytocollectandsellinformationaboutanyonewhohaswanderedwithinshoutingdistanceoftheirsoftware.Thisweek,Googleannouncedastepintherightdirection—butnotahugestep,noronethatwillstopGooglefromcontinuingtocollectimmenseamountsofpersonaldata.Atissueishowonlinecompaniestrackinternetusersastheybrowse(浏览)fromsitetositeonline,typicallythroughcookies(informationthatawebsiteleavesinyourcomputersothatthewebsitewillrecognizeyouwhenyouuseitagain).Themostharmfulversion,“third-party”cookies,isthewebalternativeofacompanypostingsecurityguardsacrosstheinternettomonitorwhatyoudo,evenwhenyou’reonothercompanies’sites.GoogledeclaredinablogpostWednesdaythatitwouldnolongeruseorsupportthird-partycookies,norwoulditcreateoruseanyothertechnologythattracksindividualusersacrosstheweb.GiventhatGoogleisamainsupplierofonlineadvertisingtechnology,itschangeinapproachwillimpactfarandwide.That’swelcomenews,althoughwithhugeamountsofwarning.AsLeeTienoftheElectronicFrontierFoundationnoted,third-partycookieswerealreadyontheretreat,withAppleandothermakersofpopularwebbrowsersmovingtoblockthem.Meanwhile,Google,FacebookandotherBigTechcompaniescontinuetocollectpersonalinformationinlargequantitiesfrompeoplewhousetheirsitesandservicesthroughfirst-partycookiesandsimilartechniques.Theconcernsaboutpersonaldatacollectionarethesamewhetherit’sbeingcollectedthroughfirst-partyorthird-partytechniques,saidMichelleRichardsonoftheCenterforDemocracyandTechnology.“Companiesmayusetheinformationtodiscriminateamonginternetusers,offeringdifferentgoods,servicesandevenpricestodifferentusers.”Insteadofhelpingadvertiserstrackindividuals,Googlesays,itisimprovingatechnologythatassignsusersnamelesslytolargegroupswithcommoninterests.That’sanimprovement,eventhoughittoomaybeatriskofabuse.Butwhydoanyformoftrackingatall?Privacyadvocatessaypitches(兜售)canbetargetedeffectivelybybasingthemonwheretheuserisatthemoment,notwhereheorshehasbrowsedpreviouslyonline.Ultimately,lawmakersaregoingtohavetolaydownregulationsgivingpeoplefarmorecontroloverwhetherandhowpersonalinformationisusedonline.Ideallythefederal(联邦的)governmentwillsetastrongfloorunderonlineprivacyprotections,butuntilthenitwillbeuptostatelawmakersorvoterstoact,asthisstatehasdonewithitsgroundbreakingonlineprivacylaws.It’sgoodtoseeGooglemovetheballforward,butthere’smuchfarthertogo.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ontheretreat”inPara4mostprobablymean?A.Exposed. B.Removed. C.Emerging. D.Fading.ItcanbelearnedfromthedeclarationthatGoogle__________.A.isdevelopingnewtechnologiestostopdatacollection.B.refusestoworkwithcompaniestrackingprivacyC.intendstoabandonitsadvertisingtechnologiesD.resolvestostoptheuseofthird-partycookiesFromthepassagewecanknowthatfirst-partycookies__________.A.arestillcollectingpersonalinformationB.areblockedbybigcompanieslikeAppleC.aremainlyusedbyadvertisingcompaniesD.arelessconcerningthanthird-partycookiesWhatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsGoogle’snewmove?A.Itislesssatisfactorythanexpected.B.Itneedstobemoreforcefultobeeffective.C.Itwillacceleratethedisappearanceofcookies.D.Ithasdrivenlawmakerstomakenewregulations.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。You’refacedwithalotofdecisionsineverydaywork.Therearemultipletaskscallingforyourfocus,andyouareburningdaylightorevenburnouttryingtodecidewhatcomesfirst.35Ifyou’regoingtothinksmarterabouthowyouprioritize(排序)tasks,youhavetoinvestalittletimeawayfromyourto-dolist.Here’sthething:whatyouworkonconfirmsyourvalues.Youmaythinkit’snobigthingtoworkovertimeforalittlewhile,butsomethingwillbesacrificedwiththisdecision.Ifyou’reaparent,youmightspendlesstimewithyourkids.Similarly,ifyouchoosenottoworkmuchoreffectively,you’redecidingthatyourvalueslieoutsideyourcareer.36Writeallthetasksdownandcreatefourboxescontainingallofthingsyoucareabout.Thiscouldbe:helpsthecommunity,helpsone-to-onerelationships,makesmoney,andthingsyoufindpersonallyfulfilling.Thenplacethemintheboxesandseehowmanyoftheboxeseachonetakesup.Anythingthatfillsjustoneboxhastobereconsidered.Anythingthatfillsnothingshouldnotbeconsideredatall.37Fromhere,therestoftheprioritizationgetsalittleeasier.Younowhaveabetterideawheretheeffortsarereallypayingoff.Youalsoknowwhenyouarewastingyourowntime.Inordertofigureoutaplanforyourself.Thefirstthingyoushouldbedoingisgatheringallofyourtasks,largeandsmall.38Otherpeoplearecountingonyouoryourfutureselfwilldependonthemsomehow.Theseareactuallyeasiertoprioritize.Thenbreakdownlargetasksintosmallerpieces.Thathelpsputthingsinorder.Partofthereasonwedothesmallthingsfirstisthatbeingproductivefeelsgood.Acknowledgingaccomplishmentsmakesyoumorelikelytokeepgoingandpushesyouthroughthemorecomplicatedtasks.39Noticewhenyourenergylevelsarehighandwhentheyareweak.Beawarewhenyou’remoreproductiveforsocialactivitiesandwhenyou’rebetteroff.Themoreyoustudyyourself,theeasierplanningbecomes.Nowthatyouhaveyourprioritiesinorder,goaheadandyouwillboostyourproductivity.A.Youcanalsoprioritizebasedonenergylevels.B.Thegoodnewsisthatsometaskscankeepyoumotivated.C.Sohowcanyoufigureoutwhat’smostimportanttoworkonfirst?D.Thisactivityallowsyoutoseewhereyoureallywanttoinvestyourenergy.E.Ifyouwanttomakeanewlist,youneedtoturntoyourcolleaguesforhelp.F.Therearesometasksthatareprettystraightforwardandyouneedtodothething.G.Whereyouinvestyourtimeisnotjustaboutwhatyouvaluebutalsowhatyoudon’tvalue.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43分,共12分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。Someofthemostsuccessfulpeopleinhistoryhavedonetheirbestworkincoffeeshops.Peopleacrossnationsandcenturieshavetappedintotheircreativityinacafé.Therearemanywayscoffeeshopsboostourcreativity.Thecombinationofnoise,casualcrowdsandvisualvarietycangiveusjusttherightamountofdistraction(注意力分散)tohelpusbesharpestandmostcreative.Someofusstickinearbuds(耳塞)assoonaswesitdowntoworkinapublicsetting.Butscientistshaveknownforyearsthatbackgroundnoisecanbenefitourcreativethinking.Asuitablelevelofnoiseinacafeteriacanactuallyimproveyourcreativeoutput.Ifyou’reslightlydistractedfromthetaskathandbysomestimuli,itboostsyourabstractthinkingability,whichcanleadtomorecreativeideageneration.There’salsothefactthatinacoffeeshop,we’resurroundedbypeoplewho’vecometodothesamething,whichactsasamotivator.Simplyperformingatasknexttoapersonwhomakesalotofeffortcanmotivateyoutoworkharder.It’ssimilartogoingtothegymforaworkout.Thatisthesocial-facilitationeffect:yougothere,youseeotherpeopleworkinganditputsyouinamoodwhereyoujustnaturallystartworkingaswell.Anotherthingthatcanmakeworkingathomeorintheofficetiringisthevisualenvironment;oftenwesitinthesamechairandlookatthesamefourwallswithoutrelief.Howtheofficeisdecoratedhasaneffecton