新的题目考博真题汇总华东理工

29—华东理工大学（样题）ⅡVocabulary(10%)PartDirections:Ineachitemofthefollowing,chooseonewordthatkeepthemeaningofthesentenceifitissubstitutablfortheunderlinedword.ThenmarkoutyouroroiceontheAnswerSheet.Mr.Bridgesmentionedbrieflyseveralothersubjectsinthecourseofhistalkbutmostlykepthimselftothemaintopic.A.touchedoffB.toucheddownC.touchedonD.touchedTedgotabetterjobandlefttheschoolbeforeMrs.WolcoxhadhimA.disgracedB.degradedC.executedD.Realizingthatmanyreadersfindlongdescriptivepassagesuninteresting,Brucebeganhisstorywithanexciting.A.melancholyB.tediousC.incredibleD.OneofNike’sfounders,PhillipHampsonKnighthadbeenatopathletewhenhewasattheUniversityofOregonandhemovedontoeastudentatStanfordBusinessSchool,butretainedhisinterestinsport.A.remainedB.pC.D.Ahaphazardknowledgeofseveralstylesofalanguagemaybeworsethanuselessifwedonotknowthetypeofoccasiononwhicheachisappropriateorifwedonotknowwhenweareslidingfromoneofanother.A.causalB.disorganizedC.systematicD.unIcontend,quitebluntly,thatmarkingupabookisnotanactofmutilationbutoflove. B.C. D.Recentbordersbetweenthetwocountriesleadcredencetotherumorsofanimpendingwar.A. B.C. D.Youmaymakegoodgradesbystudyingonlybeforeexaminations,butyouwillsucceedeventuallyonlybystudyinghardeveryday.indue B.inthelongC.inthe D.inthefirstGainingacknowledgementfromfellowworkersandmanagersgivesaasenseofimportanceinsociety. B.C. D.Youshouldberelievingmeofdutyat10:30,butdon’thurryifit’sinconvenient;I’llhandontillyouarrive.turn B.lookC.keepon D.takeoverPartBDirections:Therearetenpletesentencesinthispart.ForeachoftheSentence,therearefourchoices.ChoosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceandcoverthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Beforesittingfortheentranceexaminationforpost-graduatestudents,manycandidatestrytofamiliarizethemselveswiththeformulaoftheexambyngtests.A.imitatedB.simulatedC.stimulatedD.MaryandJohntookalongtimeinsayinggoodnightinordertopostpone ofparting.A.lousyB.reliefC.anguishD.Jamesisverysetinhisways,butMarkhasamoreattitudetoA.tolerantB.flexibleC.cautiousD.Hewassomeanthathecouldn’tbearto thesmallestsumofmoneyforthecharityappeal.A.letoutB.payupC.giveinD.partSomeonehassaidthataman’shistorybeginsaboutonehundredandfiftyyearsbeforehisbirth,orwords.inany B.tothatC.ina D.totheItisreportedthataconferenceonworldcommunicationsandtransportationwillbe bytheBritishernmentnextmonth.subscribed B.givenC.presided D.putMariowasawardedthemedalfordisyingprofessionalofthehighestorderintherescueattemptstwoweeksago. B.C.in D.Thebirchbarkcanoeisnotas asitappears;itisbuilttowithstandlongjourneysoverroughwaters.A.solidB.fragileC.toughD.CoachGreenallowedJohntojointhebasketballteamalthough,,hewasnottallenough. B.C. D.inMrs.Smiththoughtherchildrenwenttothemovies;,theywenttothezoo.in B.orC.onthe D.sotoⅢReadingComprehensionDirections:Therearefourpassagesinthispart.Eachisfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ChoosetheoneoutofthechoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,andmarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.PassageThousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandstic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedsandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnowpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthroughtheeyeball.Noknives,nostitches(刀口缝合),nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowbetried.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanbetreatedmedically.Upuntilthe1960stheinstrumentsusedtoperformsurgicaloperations B.C. D.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefind medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialthestudyofartwentthroughacompletemoreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalman’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompleThelaserbeamissostrong itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamofitsheatisincreasedbytheheatoftheitcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightitsendsoutheatinmanydifferentSurgeonscannowcarryoutoperations canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumanresultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforaremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserresultinverylittledamagetothepatientsTherapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeant inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocuresurgeryislikelytoimproveweshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferwearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancerPassage2In1885OwenWister(1850—1938)recordedthat“itwon’tbeacenturybeforethewestissimplythetrueAmerica,withthought,type,andlifeofitsown”andhewanted“tobethehandthatonce,forall,chronicledandlaidbarethevirtuesandthevicesofthisextraordinaryphaseofAmericansocialprogress.”Heneverbecamethatself-envisionedTolstoioftheoldWest,butin1902TheVirginianwaspublished.Itwoninstantsuccessandskyeditsauthortofame.Itisstillthemostpopular“western”noveleverpublishedandthemasterdesignforthefictionoftheWildWest.TheVirginianestablishedaliryform,aformulapopularlyknownas“horseopera”,whoseconventions,cliches,andvalueshavereappearedinnovelsandshortstories,inmoviesandevisionserials,eversince.Theromanticcowboyistheheroandgentleman,oneofthose“goodmeninthehumblerwalksoflife”,whoseemsthroughshams,defendsjusticeandalady’shonor,shootsitoutwiththevillainandconquersevil.BecauseofTheVirginian,Wistercreatedacharacterwhoistheoriginaltypeforthewesternfolkhero.HerepresentstheembodimentofcertainAmericanideals—amanwhoisequaltoalloccasions,whoshowsindependenceofaction,amanwhokeepshiswordwhois“abroadguagefellowlivingamongnarrow-guagefolk”.ButthelirydeviceandcowboycodewhichWisterestablisheddictatedthattheheromustkillthebadman.Thisnecessityforsanctioningmurderandromanticizingofthecowboyasagentlemanprohibited.TheVirginianandthegenreitcreatedfromingseriousfiction,orevenanauthenticproductofthewesternexperience.Insteadofachievinghisambition,therefore,WistergaveusasortofAmericanfolkepic,thecowboystory.OwenWister thewayoflifeinthewestin1885wasapassingthecowboyin1885symbolizedthetypicalAmericanthewestwouldbealwaysisolatedfromtherestofthecountrybyitsmoralcodenoneofThereferencetoWisterasaself-envisionedTolstoiimplies TheVirginianisasgreatanovelasWarandWisterunderestimatedhimselfasanWisterwantedtobeawriteroflightasTolstoihadlaidbarethevirtuesandvicesofRussiansociety,WisterwoulddoforthesocietyoftheAmericanStylistically,TheVirginianisnotedforthefactthat waswrittenaccordingtoapre-establishedestablishedtheformulaknownas“horsefollowedthe ryconventionsoftheabandonedAmericanconventionsinfavorofforeignThepopularitywhichwasaccordedTheVirginianindicatesthat realizedhisstatedgaveusanauthenticaccountofthewesternbecametheAmericanTheauthorofthearticlebelieves TheVirginiandidnotdeservethesuccessitWistermadeadefinitecontributiontoAmericanliWisterwasacowboystoriesshouldbeconsideredseriousfictionPassage3Deathcomesquicklyinthemountains.Eachwinterholidaymakersarecaughtunawaresastheyhappilyskiawayfromthefixedruns,littlerealizingthatasmallavalanchecansendthemcrashinginabone-breakingfalldowntheslopeandleavethemburiedundertonsofcrispwhitesnow.Therearelotsoftheoriesabouthowtoavoiddisasterwhenhitbyanavalanche.PracticeisnormallylessThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookcewastypicalavalanchematerial.ForseveraldaysbeforetheIhadskiedlocally.Earlywintersnowwaswearingthinandcoveredwithice.Ontopofthatnew,warmerflakesweregentlyfallingtoproduceadangerouscarpet.Totheskierwhoenjoysunmarkedslopesitistemptingstuff,deepnewpowersnowonahardbase—theskiingthatdreamsaremadeof.Andsometimesnightmares.Snowfallsinsectionslikeacake.Differentsectionshavedifferentdensitiesbecauseofthetemperaturesatthetimeofthefallandintheweeksafterwards.Problemscomewhenanyparticularsectionistoothickandnotstickingtothesectionbeneath.ThesnowofthepastfewweekshadbeenfallinginratherhighertemperaturesthanthoseofDecemberandearlyJanuary.Theresultoftheseconditionsisthatevenaslightincreaseinthetemperaturessendsathinstreamofwaterbetweenthenewsnowandtheold.Thenthenewsnowsimplyslidesoffthemountain.Suchslidesarenotunexpected.Localcitizensknowtheslopeswhichtendtoavalancheandtheweatherinwhichsuchslidesarelikely.Trapsaresettocatchthesnoworpreventitslip;bombsarecedandexplodedfromtimetotimetosetoffsmallavalanchesbeforeabigonehastimetobuildup;andaboveall,skiersarewarnednottoskiindangerareas.Inspiteofthis,avalancheshappeninunexpectedareasand,ofcourse,ignorethewarnings.Theonecomforttorecreationalskiers,however,isthatavalanchesonthemarkedskislopesarequiterare.Noskiresortwantstheimageofbeingadeathtrap.Eachwinterholidaymakersinthemountainscomefacetofacewithdeath theyfailtorealizehowdangerousavalanchescantheyarenotexpertenoughatskiingonthefixedtheyaretryingtoavoidareaswhereavalanchestheyskigreatdistancesdowntheAccordingtothewriter,skiingconditionsintheSalzburgareaofAustriabeforetheaccidenthappenedwere perfectfortheinexperiencedunsafebecausethenewsnowwascoveredwithtypicalofconditionsresultinginsuitableonlyforskiingItwouldappearfromthetextthatavalanchesarebroughtabout aparticularsectionofsnowisnotthickthereisaslightfallintheheavysnowfallsturnintotheicebetweendifferentsectionsofsnowInareaswhereavalanchesareknownto localresidentsstayindoorswhentheweatherismeasuresaretakentopreventserioussmallavalanchescaneasilybeskiersformthemselvesintoawalltokeepthesnowinAlthoughaccidentsdohappen,skierswillbereasonablysafe theystayontheofficiallyapprovedtheyskionlyfortheyskionlyattheychooselesscrowdedskislopesPassage4TheEnglish,asarace,areverydifferentfromallothernationalities,includingtheirclosestneighbors,theFrench,BelgiansandDutch.ItisclaimedthatlivingonanislandseparatedfromtherestofEuropehasmuchtodowithit.Whateverthereasons,itmaybefairlystatedthattheEnglishmanhasdevelopedmanyattitudesandhabitswhichdistinguishhimfromotherBroadlyspeaking,theEnglishmanisaquiet,shy,whoisfullyrelaxedonlyamongpeopleheknowswell.Inthepresenceofstrangersorforeignersheoftenseemsinhibited,evenembarrassed.Youhaveonlytowitnessacitytrainanymorningoreveningtoseethetruthofthis.Serious-lookingbusinessmenandwomensitreadingtheirnewspapersorhavingalightsleepinacorner;noonespeaks.Infact,todosowouldseemmostunusual.Anarailwaycarriageshakehandswithallthepassengers.”Needlesstosay,hewasnotbeingserious.Thereisanunwrittenbutclearlyunderstoodcodeofbehaviorwhich,ifbroken,makestheimmediay.Inmanypartsoftheworlditisquitenormaltoshowopenlyextremesofenthusiasm,emotion,excitement,etc.,often paniedbyappropriategestures.TheEnglishmanissomewhatdifferent.Ofcourse,anEnglishmanfeelsnolessdeeplythananyothernationality,buthetendstodisyhisfeelingsfarless.Thisisreflectedinhisuseoflanguage.Imagineamancommentingonthegreatbeautyofayounggirl.Whereasamoreemotionalmanmightdescribeheras“anexcellentjewel”,“extremelybeautiful”,“precious”,theEnglishmanwillflatlystate“Um,she’sallright”.AnEnglishmanwhohasseenahighlysuccessfulandenjoyablefilm mendsittoafriendbycommenting,“It’snotbad,youknow,”oronseeingveryunusualsceneryhemightconveyhispleasurebysaying,“Nice,yes,verynice.”Theoverseasvisitormustnotbedisappointedbythisapparentlackofinterestandinvolvement;hemustrealizethat“allright”,“notbad”,and“nice”,veryoftenhavethesenseof“first-class”,“excellent”,“beautiful”.Thisspecialuseoflanguage,particularlycommoninEngland,isknownasrestrainedstatement.FromthepassagepeoplecaninferthattheEnglisharedifferentfromothernationalitiesmainlyin theprincipleofallIfonedoesn’twanttobeedinpublic,hehad behaveshakehandswithallpeoplehetalkwithkeepTheword“inhibited”mostnearly A. B. C. D.Accordingtothepassage,the haslessfeelingsthanotherhasemotionsasdeepasanyotherexpressesemotionbyuseofhislikestohaveajokewithforeignAnEnglishman’ssaying“allright”usuallyhasthesense “not B.“quiteC.“fairlygood” D.“verygood”ⅣTranslation(10%)Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoHistorically,Jeep’sreputationasago-anywherevehicledatesbacktotheSecondWorldWarwhentheoriginal dbythe ,AlliedsthroughthePacificandTheMacquarieDictionaryofMotoringsaysthenameJeepstemmedfromtheThenamewaseventuallycorruptedto“jeep”,fromthepronunciationofthelettersGP,andbecameatrademarkownedbytheWillys.JeepbecamepartofChryslerin1988andthehassincespentalotofmoneytorevitalizetheJeepproductionfacilities,andtoincreasethenumberandstyleofmodelsavailable.ChryslersaystheJeep’swartimereputationandruggedimageundoubtedlyhelpedittocarveoutanewroleinpeacetimeasarecreationalvehicle.ItsaystheJeepcreatedtheoriginalmarketforrecreational,off-roadvehiclesusingthepowerfulfour-wheeldrivetraction(knowncommerciallyas4WD)forwhichthearmyjeepwasfamous.ⅤWritingDirections:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionof200wordsonthetopicHowtoSolvetheEnergyProblem.Youmustbaseyourcompositiononthefollowingoutline:(WriteyourcompositionontheAnswerEnergyisoneofthebiggestproblemsmostconcernedbytheOneofthesolutiontotheproblemisseverecon