语言学概论2000年外国语学院入学考试试题

（PartI:BasicConceptsBrieflydefinethefollowingtermsinEnglish.pound4.deepstructure7.8.co-operativeprinciplesPartII:LanguageysisGivethephoneticsymbolforeachofthefollowingsoundstogetherwithanillustrationoftheuseofthesoundinanEnglishword.Youarerequiredtogivenolessthanthreewordsfortheillustrationofeachsymbol.voicelessbilabial highbacktenserounded voiced voicelessinterdental highfronttenseunrounded Indicatethepositionofmainstressineachofthefollowingwordsbywritinganaccentmark()overtheappropriatevowelsymbolorsymbols.1. 2.baboon3.behest4.decent5.6.executive7.indiscriminate8.massage9.yesterday10.11.sagacity12.neurologist13. 14.caress15.Eachofthefollowingcompoundsismadeupoftwoparts.Howdothepartsrelatetoeachother?Twoexamplesaregivenbelow:e.g.fleabite (abitefromaflea)bridcage(acageforbird) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.sunshine Therearetensentencesbelow,partofthesentenceisunderlined,readtheunderlinedpartcarefullyandidentifyitsconstructiontypeandwritetheterm(Modification,Predication,ComplementationandSubordination)intheblank.OneexampleisExample:Johnrunsslowly.Marystoodattheback.(Maryisanurse.(Marysings.Theoldmanlikestocomehereeveryday.(Iwanttogo.PeterkissedMary.Shecriedwhenshefelldown.JacksingsbutMarydances.Iknowwheresheis. Johnisclever.(Choosefromfivediagrams,theonethatillustratetherelationshipamongthreegivenclassesbetterthananyotherdiagramoffered.OneexampleisgivenA)C)D)e.g.animal,vegetable,bachelors,men,tennis sparrows,birds, people,scientists,white-haired,doctor, furniture,bed, baseballfans,s, ,mosquitoes, varsityathletes,seniors,membersofstudenthonor octopi,porpoises,thingsliveinthe wood,stone, 2.6Exinthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsinthefollowingsentences.Oneexampleisgivenbelow:e.g.Thejudgegaveorderstoclearthecourt.(orderthemembersofthepublictoleave)Hedidnotknowhowtodrawa Itfallstoyoutoreorganizethefootball Thebillhastwentydaysto Colorsrunin Wheredoestherivertakeits Hewhocannottakeajokeshouldnotmake cleared$5,000onitscottonexportslast Theflapoftheenvelopehascome Theygavetheirenemyagood Whereisthiscarpetto State,bywritinga,b,c,d,etc.wheretheprepositionunderlineda.Positionb.c.Passaged.e.Resultativestatef.Pervasive(static)g.PervasiveThemonkeysdisappearedthroughthewindow.Iwentintothebathroomtogetadrinkofwater.IlookedinthemirrorandthoughtIhadamonkey’sface.Amonkeywassittingontheedgeofthebath.Itwassqueezingtoothpastealloveritschest.Irushedoutofthehouse,shoutingforhelp.Outofthehouse,Ifeltcalmer.Isentforthemonkey-catcher,wholivedacrosstheriver.Weranbehindthehouseandwatched.Paperlayscatteredalloverthefloor.Indicatebya,b,c,whethertheobjectunderlinedinthefollowingsentencesHasanyonetouchedtheevision Whoismakingallthat WearejustpassingtheEiffel Takethedeep Somebodytookmycoatby Iclimbedthehillaslightfell Agasleakcancauseaserious Wehavefoughtagoodfight–and Haveyoudroppedyourhandkerchief,my AfterthatIpaidheravisitevery Giveatleastthreeverbstoillustrateeachofthefollowingtypesofspeechacts.Oneexampleisgivenforeach1.Assertives:assert, 2.Declarations:declare, 3.Directives:invite, missives:commit, 5.Expressives:apologize, PartIII:DetailedDiscussionThereare4giventopicsbelow.Youmaychooseanythreeofthemtogivedetaileddiscussion.(writeyouranswerontheblankpaper)WhatiscommunicativeWhatisindirectspeechUseyourownexperienceinlearningEnglishtoshowcultureisveryimportantinlanguagelearning.Canyougiveexamplestoillustratethephenomenaoftheinterlanguageinlearningaforeignlanguage?重庆大学外国语学院考试试题（英汉、汉英翻译）2000（考生注意：现代汉语部分直接做在试题上，翻译做在空白纸上Someoldthingswithwhichwehadgrownfamiliar,andwhichhadbeguntocreepintotheveryhabitofourthoughtandofourlives,havealteredtheiraspectaswehavelatterlylookedcriticallyuponthem,withfresh,awakenedeyes;havedroppedtheirdisguisesandshownthemselvesalienandsinister.Somenewthings,aswelookfranklyuponthem,willingtocomprehendtheirrealcharacter,havecometoassumetheaspectofthingslongbelievedinandfamiliar,stuffofourownconvictions.Wehavebeenrefreshedbyanewinsightintoourownlife.Weseethatinmanythingsthatlifeisverygreat.Itisparablygreatinitsmaterialaspects,initsbodyofwealth,inthediversityandsweepofitsenergy,intheindustrieswhichhavebeenconceivedandbuiltupbythegeniusofindividualmenandthelimitlessenterpriseofgroupsofmen.Itisgreat,also,verygreat,initsmoral.Buttheevilhascomewiththegood,andmuchfinegoldhasbeencorroded.Withricheshascomeinexcusablewaste.Wehavesquanderedagreatpartofwhatwemighthaveused,andhavenotstoppedtoconservetheexceedingbountyofnature,withoutwhichourgeniusforenterprisewouldhavebeenworthlessandimpotent,scorningtobecareful,shamefullyprodigalaswellasadmirablyefficient.Wehavebeenproudofourindustrialachievements,butwehavenothithertostoppedthoughtfullyenoughtocountthehumancost,thecostoflivessnuffedout,ofenergiesovertaxedandbroken,thefearfulphysicalandspiritualcosttothemenandwomenandchildrenuponwhomthedeadweightandburdenofitallhasfallenpitilesslytheyearsthrough.Thegroansandagonyofitallhadnotyetreachedourears,thesolemn,movingundertoneofourlife,comingupoutoftheminesandfactoriesandoutofeveryhomewherethestrugglehaditsintimateandfamiliarseat.Atlastavisionhasbeenvouchsafedusofourlifeasawhole.Weseethebadwiththegood,thedebasedanddecadentwiththesoundandvital.Withthisvisionweapproachnewaffairs.Ourdutyistocleanse,toreconsider,torestore,tocorrecttheevilwithoutimpairingthegood,topurifyandhumanizeeveryprocessofourcommonlifewithoutweakeningorsentimentalizingit.Therehasbeensomethingcrudeandheartlessandunfeelinginourhastetosucceedandbegreat.Ourthoughthasbeen“Leteverymanlookforhimself,leteverygenerationlookforitself,whilewereare