2023年考研英语二真题答案解析超详解析

20２３年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二)试题答案与解析ＳectioｎＩUｓｅoｆEngliｓhＤirｅcｔioｎs:Rｅａｄthｅfollowｉngpassage.FｏrｅachnumｂereｄblanｋthereareｆｏｕrchoicesmaｒｋeｄＡ，B,CaｎdD.ChooｓｅｔhebesｔoneaｎdmaｒkyｏuranswersｏnANSWＥRＳHEETｌ.(10poinｔs)ＴｈeｏutbｒeaｋofswinefluthａtｗasfiｒｓtdeteｃteｄinMexicowasdeclaredaｇlobaleｐidemiｃonJune11,2023．Itistｈefｉrsｔworldｗideepiｄemic_____1_____ｂyｔhｅＷoｒｌｄHeaｌthOrgａnizationin４1yｅａｒs.Ｔｈehｅighｔenedalert_＿＿__2＿＿___ａnemｅｒgeｎcymeeｔingwithfｌuexｐertsiｎGeneｖaｔhatconvenｅｄaftｅrａshaｒpriｓｅincａｓesｉnＡｕstrａｌia,andrisｉng_____3＿____inBriｔａiｎ,Japan，Ｃhileａndｅｌｓewhｅｒｅ.Bｕｔtｈeｅpidemiｃiｓ＂__＿__4＿＿_＿＿"iｎseveｒitｙ,ａｃcｏrｄingtoMarｇaｒeｔCｈan,anｉｚation'sdireｃtorｇeｎeral，__＿＿_５_____theoverwｈeｌmｉｎgｍajｏｒｉtyｏｆpatiｅｎtsexpｅrieｎｃingonlyｍildsymptｏｍsanｄａfullrｅcovery,ofteninthe_____6＿____ofanｙmedicａltrｅatｍｅnt.Theoutbrｅａkｃametoｇlobal_____7____＿inlatｅAｐｒil202３,ｗhenMｅxicanaｕthorｉtiｅsnoｔicedanunusuaｌlylaｒｇenumbeｒｏfｈoｓpitalizａtionsaｎddeａｔｈｓ＿___＿8_＿＿__ｈealthyaｄults.AｓmuchｏfMｅxicｏＣｉtysｈutdowｎattheheighｔofaｐａnic,casｅsbeｇａnto_＿＿__9_＿___ｉnＮeｗＹｏrkCｉty,theｓouthwesteｒnUnｉtedStatesandaroｕndthewｏrlｄ.InｔｈeUnitedＳtateｓ，newcaｓｅｓseemｅdtｏfade___＿_10_____waｒmerweａtheｒarriｖed．ButｉnlａteSｅptｅmｂer2023,oｆｆiｃialｓｒeporteｄtheｒｅwas＿___＿１1_＿___fluａcｔｉvｉtyiｎaｌmoｓteveｒyｓtaｔeaｎdthatvirtuallｙallｔhe＿＿___12_____testedarｅthenewswineflｕ,aｌsｏknowｎas(A)Ｈ1N1，notseａsonａｌflu.ＩntheU.S.，ithaｓ_____13＿____mｏｒｅthanonemilｌiｏｎpeople,andcausedmorｅthａn600deathsａndmorｅｔhan6，０00hｏｓpｉtalｉzatiｏnｓ.Fedｅｒaｌhealｔhoffｉciａls＿____14___＿_Taｍiflｕｆorcｈiｌdｒｅnfｒomthｅnａｔionaｌsｔockｐileandbegan____＿１5＿_＿_＿ordｅrsｆromthｅstatesforｔhｅｎewswineｆｌuvacｃine.Theｎｅwvaccｉne,whiｃｈiｓｄiffeｒentｆromtheannuａlfluvacｃine,is____16_____ａheaｄoｆexpecｔａtiｏｎs.MｏreｔhａnｔｈｒｅemilliｏnｄoｓｅｓwｅｒｅtｏbemadeaｖaｉlableinearｌｙOctoｂer2０23,tｈouｇhmostofthｏse__＿__17_＿___dosｅｓwｅｒeｏftheFlｕMistnaｓaｌsprａｙｔｙpe,whiｃhisnot_____18＿＿___ｆｏrpreｇnａntwomen,ｐeｏpｌeｏver50oｒtｈosｅｗithbreathｉngdiｆｆicｕltieｓ,ｈｅaｒｔdiseaseorseveralｏtｈer＿____19____＿.Ｂutｉtｗasstiｌlposｓibletｏvａccinａtｅｐeｏｐleinoｔｈerhigh－rｉｓｋgrouｐ:healtｈcａreworkers,ｐeoplｅ___＿_２0_＿__＿iｎｆantsａｎdhealthyｙouｎgpｅople.1[Ａ]ｃriｔicｉzed 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stａndｆｏremostｃoｎveｒsaｔionalpａrｔnersbｕtfeｗｈuｓbaｎdsｓhareｔｈisexpｅｃtaｔｉｏnoftheirwives.Insｈorttheimaｇeｔhａtｂestrｅｐresentｓthecurrentｃrisｉsｉstｈestereotypicalcａrtooｎsceneoｆaｍaｎsiｔtｉngaｔｔhｅbｒeａkfａsttablewitｈanewspａpeｒｈｅlduｐｉｎfronｔofhisface,whｉleａwomaｎglaresattｈｅｂａｃｋofiｔ,wantingｔotaｌk.２6．Wｈatiｓｍostwｉvｅs'maｉnexpectatｉonoftheirhusbands?A.Tａｌkingtｏthem．B.Trustinｇｔhem.C.Supportingtheircareers．Ｄ.Shａringｈoｕseｗork.２7.Jｕｄgingfｒomtｈｅｃonｔext，thephrase“wreaｋiｎghavoｃ”(Ｌine3,Ｐara.2）mosｔproｂａblymeaｎs＿__.A．generａtinｇｍotiｖatiｏｎ．B．exeｒtinginflueｎceＣ．causiｎgdamaｇeD.creatｉｎgpressuｒe28.ＡｌlｏｆｔｈefolｌowｉｎｇaretrueEXCEPT__＿__＿_A.ｍenｔendｔotaｌkmｏreｉnpｕｂｌicｔhaｎwｏmｅｎＢ.nearly50percｅｎtｏfrecｅntｄiｖoｒｃesａrecaｕsｅdbｙｆaiｌｅdｃonｖersationC．ｗｏmenａttachmuｃｈimportancetoｃoｍｍuｎicationbeｔweenｃｏuplesＤ.afemaｌｅｔｅndstobeｍoretalkaｔｉveａtｈomethanhｅrspｏuse２9．Ｗｈichofthｅｆolloｗingcａｎbeｓtsｕmmａｒizetｈeｍａinideaofｔhiｓtext?A．Ｔhemoｒalｄecayingdeserveｓmoreｒeseａrchbｙsociｏlogistｓ.B.Ｍarｒiagｅbreak－ｕpｓtemsfromseｘineｑualitiｅｓ.C.Ｈｕsbandａndwifeｈaveｄiffereｎtexｐectatｉｏｎｓｆromthｅｉrmａｒriａge.D.Convｅrsａtioｎａｌｐａtternsbetwｅｅｎmanａndwiｆｅarediffeｒｅnｔ.30.Intｈeｆolｌowiｎgpartiｍｍｅdiａteｌyaftertｈｉsｔexｔ,ｔheauthｏｒwｉllｍostprobaｂlyfocuｓon＿_＿___A.aｖｉｖidａccoｕntofｔｈenewbooｋDivｏrｃeＴalｋＢ．ａdｅtaileddescripｔioｎｏfthesｔｅreｏtypicalcarｔoonＣ.otherpｏssibｌereasoｎｓfｏｒａhｉgｈｄiｖorcerａteinｔｈeU.S．D.abrｉefintｒodｕctiｏntｏtｈepｏｌｉtiｃalscientiｓｔAｎｄrewＨaｃkerTexｔ3Ｏveｒtｈeｐastdeｃaｄe,mａnｙcｏmpaｎieshadｐerfｅcｔedtheartofｃｒｅatinｇａｕtｏmaticｂeｈaｖｉors—ｈabｉts—amongcｏnsumｅrｓ.Ｔｈｅsｅhａbｉtｓhavehelｐeｄcｏmpaｎiｅｓｅａrnbillｉoｎsoｆdollaｒswhencuｓtomerseatsｎacks,ａpplｙｌoｔｉoｎsａndwipｅcounteｒsalmoｓｔｗithoｕtthiｎkinｇ，ｏfｔeninｒｅsponsetoacaｒefullydesiｇnedｓetofｄａilycuｅｓ．“Thereareｆundameｎtalｐublｉｃheaｌtｈproｂlems,likeｄｉｒtyhａｎｄｓinｓｔeadofａsoapｈaｂit，ｔhatrｅmainkillerｓonｌybｅcauｓewｅcan’ｔfigureoutｈｏｗtochangepeｏple’ｓｈａbits,”Dr.Curtｉssaid．“Wｅｗantｅdｔｏlearnfｒomprｉvateindｕstryhowｔocreateｎeｗｂehavioｒsｔhathappeｎauｔｏmａticａlｌy.”ＴhecｏmpanｉｅsthatDr.Ｃurtｉsturｎｅｄｔo—Ｐｒocter＆Gａｍblｅ，Colｇatｅ-PalmolｉveanｄUｎiｌever—ｈadinvestedhｕｎｄredｓofmiｌlionｓofdollaｒsｆｉndinｇthesubtｌｅcｕｅsinｃoｎsｕmers’livesthatcorｐorａtionｓcoulduseｔoｉntrｏducｅnewｒoutines.Ifyoulooｋhaｒdenｏｕｇh,yｏu’llfindｔhatmanyofｔhepｒoｄuctsweuseeveryday—chｅwingｇuｍs，skinmｏisturizerｓ,disinfectｉｎgwｉｐｅs,airfreｓheｎｅrｓ,waterpｕrifiｅrs,healthsｎａｃkｓ,aｎｔｉpeｒsｐiranｔs，cｏlｏgｎes,teetｈwhiｔeners，ｆabricsoftｅｎers,vｉtamins—aｒeｒesultsofmanuｆactｕrｅdhaｂitｓ.Acenturyago,fewｐeoｐｌereｇｕlarｌybrushedtｈeirtｅｅthmuｌtｉpletimeｓaｄay.Tｏday，beｃａuseｏfｃａnnyadvｅｒｔｉsinganｄpuｂｌｉcｈeａlthcampaｉgns，ｍaｎyAｍerｉｃanshaｂituａllｙgｉvｅtｈeｉrpearlｙwhitesａｃavity-preventingｓｃruｂtｗｉceaday,oｆteｎwithColgaｔe，Crｅｓtoroｎｅoftheotｈerbranｄs.ﻩＡｆeｗdeｃadｅsago,manypeopleｄidｎ’tｄriｎkｗａteroｕtsideofameal.Thenbｅvｅraｇecompanieｓstａrtedｂotｔlingｔheｐｒoductiｏnoffar-oｆfspｒｉngs,andnowoffiｃewoｒkeｒｓunthiｎｋingｌyｓｉpboｔｔleｄwaterallｄaｙloｎg．Chewinggｕｍ,onｃebouｇhtｐrｉmaｒilybyadolescentboys，isnowｆｅaturｅdiｎcommeｒｃｉａlsasabreatｈfｒeshｅnｅranｄｔeeｔhcleansｅrforuseaftｅraｍｅａl.Skinmｏistｕriｚersａreadvertｉsedａspａrtoｆmｏrｎingbeauｔyrｉｔuaｌs,slｉｐｐeｄinｂｅtweenｈairbｒushｉngaｎｄpｕｔtｉnｇoｎmakｅuｐ.“Ourprodｕctsｓuｃcｅedwhentｈeｙbeｃｏｍepartofdaiｌyoｒweｅklyｐatterｎs,”saｉdCarolBｅｒｎiｎg,aconsumｅｒpsｙcholｏgistwｈorecentlyreｔｉrｅｄｆromPrｏcteｒ&Ｇamble,ｔhecomｐａnyｔhatsold$76bｉｌlionofTiｄe，Crestanｄotherproｄuｃtslａstyear.“Creatingposiｔｉvehａｂitsisahugeｐartofimpｒｏvｉngouｒconsｕｍｅrs’lives，aｎdit’sessｅｎtiaｌｔoｍakinｇneｗprodｕcｔsｃomｍerciａｌlyvｉaｂｌe.”Tｈrougheｘｐeriｍentsａｎdobｓervation,sociａlsciｅnｔistsｌiｋeDr．Berniｎghａveｌｅarｎｅdtｈａtthereiｓpowｅrｉｎtyingｃertainｂehavioｒstoｈaｂitualcuestｈroｕgｈｒelentｌessadverｔｉsing.Asthiｓｎewsciｅncｅofhａbiｔhaｓｅmerｇed,coｎtrｏｖersiｅshａveeruｐtedwｈenthetacｔicｓhaｖｅbeeｎusｅｄtosellｑuｅｓtioｎａｂleｂeautycreamｓorunheaｌthｙfooｄs．３1.AccordｉnｇtoDｒ.Cｕｒｔis，ｈａbｉtslｉｋehanｄwashingwithsoap___＿____．[A］shoulｄbeｆurtｈeｒcuｌｔivatｅd[B]shouｌdbｅchaｎgeｄｇradually[C］areｄｅeplyｒootedinhisｔory[D]ａrebａsicallypriｖａｔeconｃｅｒｎｓ3２.Bottledwateｒ,chewｉngguｎandskiｎmoisturizｅrsarementionedｉnParaｇraph5ｓoａsto____[A]reveａltheirｉmｐacｔｏnpeople’ｓhaｂits[B]shｏwtｈｅuｒgeｎtneedofdaｉlynｅcｅssities［C]indicatetheｉreffｅｃｔonpeｏple’sbuｙiｎgｐower[D]ｍanifesｔthｅｓigｎificantroｌeofgooｄhａbits33.WｈichｏfthefｏllowingdoｅsNOＴbｅlongtoｐrｏductｓthatｈｅlpｃｒeａｔepｅople’ｓhabits?[A］Tide[B]Crest[C］Ｃolgａtｅ[D］Uniｌeｖer３４.Fromthetextweknowtｈatsomeｏfcｏnsuｍｅｒ’shabｉtsaredｅｖelopeddueto_＿___[A]perfectedａrtｏｆｐroducts[B]autoｍaｔicbehavｉorcｒeaｔion［Ｃ］ｃommercｉalpｒｏｍotionｓ[Ｄ]sｃiｅｎｔｉficｅxperiments３5.Ｔｈeauthor’satｔitｕｄｅtowaｒdtheｉnｆlueｎｃeｏfadveｒtｉｓemenｔonｐｅｏple’shabｉtｓis_＿_＿［A]ｉndiffeｒent[Ｂ]nｅgａtｉｖe［C]positiｖｅ[D]ｂｉaｓedＴｅxｔ4ManｙAmｅriｃaｎsregａｒｄｔhｅjuryｓｙstｅmasａｃoｎcreteexpｒｅssiｏnｏfｃruｃｉalｄemｏcraｔｉcvａlｕes,inｃluｄiｎgthｅpｒｉnciplｅsthatａｌlｃｉtizｅnswｈomeetｍｉnimalqualificatｉonsoｆagｅandlｉteｒａｃyaｒeｅｑuallycompｅtentｔoserveonjuｒies;thaｔｊｕrorｓshouldbeｓelectｅdｒanｄomlyｆromaｒepｒesenｔａｔivecrossseｃtioｎｏftheｃｏmmunitｙ;tｈatnoｃitiｚｅnsｈouｌdｂeｄeｎiｅdtheriｇhttoserｖeｏnaｊuryonaccountofｒacｅ,relｉgion,sex，ｏｒnatioｎalｏrigｉn；tｈａtｄeｆｅndaｎtsareｅntitlｅdtｏtrialbytheｉｒpeeｒｓ;ａndthaｔverdicｔsshｏulｄｒepｒeseｎttheconsciｅnceoftｈecommｕnityanｄnotjｕｓtthｅlｅｔteroftｈelaｗ.Tｈejuryisalｓosaiｄｔobethｅbestsurviｖｉngｅｘａmpleofdｉｒｅctrａｔhertｈanrepresentativｅdemocracy．Inaｄiｒectdeｍｏcraｃｙ,ciｔizeｎstaｋeturｎｓgovernｉngthemseｌves,raｔhｅrtｈanelectingｒepreseｎtatｉvｅstoｇoｖernｆｏｒthem.Butａsrecentｌyasin1９86,juryｓｅlectioｎpｒocedｕrescoｎfｌiｃｔedwitｈｔhｅsｅdemocｒatiｃideals.Ｉｎsoｍestates,fｏrexａmple，jurydutywaslimiｔedtｏｐeｒｓonsｏfsｕpｐosedｌｙsuｐerioｒintelｌiｇｅｎｃｅ,educatioｎ，ａndmoralcｈaracter.AlthougｈthｅＳuprｅmeCourtｏftheUniｔｅdStａteshａdproｈｉbitedinｔｅｎtioｎalｒａｃialdiscｒimｉnatioｎｉnｊuｒyｓeｌｅctiｏnasearｌｙaｓtｈe1880cａｓeｏfSｔrａuｄｅrv．WestVirginia，tｈepｒａctｉceｏｆselecｔｉngsｏ-calledｅliteorblue-ｒibboｎjuｒｉespｒoｖideｄａconvenｉentwayaroundthisanｄotheｒaｎtｉdiｓcriｍinationｌaws.Ｔheｓystemalsofaｉｌeｄtoreｇularlyiｎcludewomｅnonjｕｒｉｅsｕntｉｌthemid-20thcenｔuｒy.ＡlthｏughwomeｎfirstsｅrveｄoｎｓtａtｅｊｕriesinUｔaｈin1８98,itwasnoｔｕnｔilｔhｅ１9４0sｔhａtａmａｊｏrityofｓtatesmaｄewomeneliｇiblefｏrjuryｄｕｔｙ.Eｖenthensｅveralstａｔｅsauｔｏmaticaｌlyｅxeｍptedwｏmenfｒomjｕrydutｙunlesstｈeyｐersｏnaｌｌyaskedｔｏhaｖeｔheirnamｅsｉncｌｕdeｄonｔhejuｒyｌist.Tｈｉｓｐrａｃｔicewａsｊuｓtifｉedbytheclａimthatwomｅnwereneedｅdathｏme，aｎdiｔｋｅptjuriｅsuｎｒepreseｎｔativｅofwomｅntｈrouｇhｔhｅ196０ｓ．In1９６8，tｈeCongresｓｏｆtheUnｉtedStatｅsｐasｓedtheJｕrySｅlecｔionanｄＳervicｅAｃｔ,ushｅriｎgiｎanewｅraｏｆｄｅmoｃraｔicreformsforthejury.Ｔｈislawabolｉshedｓpｅciａｌｅｄucationalrequiremeｎｔsfoｒfｅｄeｒaljｕrorsandreｑuｉredthemtobeseleｃｔｅdatrａｎdｏmfｒomａcroｓssectiｏnofｔheenｔｉｍunｉtｙ.Ｉntheｌandmarｋ1９７5deｃisiｏnＴａylorvｓ.Louisiana,theSupremeＣourteｘtendedtheｒequirementｔhaｔjurｉｅｓbｅｒepｒesｅｎtaｔiｖｅofallpａrtｓofthecｏｍｍｕnitytothｅｓtａteleveｌ.TheTａylorｄeｃisiｏnaｌsodeclａrｅdsexｄiｓcrimｉnaｔｉoninjｕrysｅlｅctionｔｏbeｕｎｃonstiｔuｔiｏnａlanｄoｒdｅredｓtatestousetｈｅsａｍeprｏｃedurｅｓfｏrselｅcｔingmａlｅaｎｄｆeｍalejｕrors.3６.FｒｏmtheprincipleｓofｔheUＳjｕｒysyｓｔem,weleａrnthat_＿____［A］bothlibｅrａteandｉｌliｔｅratepeｏplecanseｒveｏnｊｕries[B]defenｄantsarｅimｍunefrｏｍtrｉalｂytheｉｒｐｅers[C]ｎoagelimitshouldｂｅimｐoｓedforjuｒyｓervice[D]juｄgmentsｈoｕｌdconsｉｄerthｅopｉniｏnofthｅpuｂlic37.Theｐraｃticeｏfｓelectingｓo-caｌledeｌｉｔejurorｓｐｒiorto1968showed_____［A]ｔheinａdequaｃyofanｔidiscrimiｎａtｉonlawｓ[Ｂ］thepreｖaｌentdiscrｉminatiｏnagaｉnstcertainｒaｃeｓ[C]theconｆｌictingｉｄeａｌｓinjuｒysｅlectionpｒocｅｄｕres[D］theaｒrｏgaｎmｏnamoｎgtheSuprｅｍeCoｕrtｊusticｅｓ38．Ｅvenｉnｔhe1960ｓ,womenwｅreselｄomonthejuryliｓtinｓomestaｔeｓbecaｕｓｅ_____[Ａ]theyｗereａuｔｏｍaｔicaｌｌｙbａｎnedbystatelaws[B]theｙfellfarshortoｆtｈerequiｒｅdqualificａtｉons[Ｃ]theyｗｅｒeｓｕpposｅdtｏperformｄｏmesｔｉcduties[D]theytendeｄtoevadｅpｕblicengaｇeｍent３9.ＡfｔerｔｈeＪurySelectionandＳｅrviceActwaｓpasｓｅｄ._＿_［A］sｅxｄiscｒｉmｉnatｉoninjｕryselectiｏnｗasunconsｔｉｔｕｔionalａndｈadtobeaboliｓheｄ[B]educatｉonａlrequiｒemｅｎtsｂecameleｓｓrigidintheseleｃtionoffedｅrａljuｒoｒｓ［C]juｒｏrsaｔｔhｅstａteleveloughtｔobｅreｐresｅntａtiｖeoftheｅnｔirecommｕniｔy[D]stａteｓouｇｈｔtoｃonforｍｔothefederalｃoｕrtinrefoｒｍingthejｕrysｙｓｔｅm40.IndiｓｃuｓsiｎｇtheＵSjurysysｔｅm,ｔｈetexｔceｎｔeｒｓon_＿__＿__［A]itsnatuｒeａndｐrobleｍs[B]ｉtscｈarａcteriｓticsandtｒaditｉｏn［C]iｔsproｂlemsａndtｈeirsｏｌuｔions［Ｄ]itstrａditionanｄdeｖelopｍeｎtPａrｔBBOTHＢｏeiｎgandＡirｂushaveｔrumｐeteｄｔｈｅeffｉcieｎｃyoｆthｅirｎeｗesｔaircｒaft,ｔhe7８７anｄA350respｅctｉveｌｙ.Thｅircｌｅverdeｓignsanｄｌigｈtweigｈtcompｏｓitｅsｃertaｉnlｙmakeadiｆference.ButａｇroｕpｏfrｅｓearchｅrsaｔSｔanｆoｒdUnivｅrｓitｙTheａnsｗer，saysDrKroｏ，liｅswｉｔhbｉｒds．Ｓｉnｃe19１4，andaseｍiｎaｌｐａperｂyaGｅｒmanrｅseaｒchｅrcalｌｅｄCarlWiesｅlｓberger,sｃｉentisｔsｈaｖekｎoｗnthａtbirｄｓflｙingiｎfｏrｍａtｉon—ａV-shaｐｅ,eｃhelｏnorotherwise—expendｌeｓsenergｙ.Thｅairｆlowiｎgｏverabｉrd’ｓwｉngscｕrlsuｐwardsbeｈindtｈeｗiｎgtｉps,ａｐhenｏmenoｎkｎｏwｎａsuｐｗａsｈ.Otherｂｉrｄｓfｌyingintheupｗａshexperienceｒｅdｕｃedｄｒａｇ，andｓpｅnｄlｅｓsｅnergyｐropｅllｉngthｅmselves.PｅｔeｒLissaｍａn,anaeｒｏnauticｓeｘpeｒｔwhｏwasfｏrｍｅrｌｙatＣaｌtechanｄtheＵniverｓityofＳouｔｈｅrnWhｅｎaｐpliedtoａｉrｃraft,tｈeｐrinciｐlesareｎotsuｂｓtantiaｌlydｉｆfeｒenｔ.DrＫｒoｏandhｉstｅammodｅllｅdwhaｔwouldhａppenｉftｈｒeeｐaｓsｅngerjeｔsｄepartｉngfｒomLｏsAngeles,ＳanFraｎciscoandLasＶegasweretorendezvｏusoverＵtah，assumeaniｎverteｄV-formation,ｏccasiｏnaｌlｙswａｐplacessoallｃoｕｌdhaveaturnｉｎtｈemｏｓtfaｖｏｕrabｌeｐositions,andｐrｏceedtoLondon.Theyfｏuｎdｔhattｈeａirｃｒaftcｏnsumedasmuchaｓ15%lessfｕel(ｗithacｏncｏｍiｔantreducｔｉoninｃaｒbon-dｉoxideｏｕtput).Ｎitroｇen-ｏｘideｅmisｓｉonsdurｉngｔhecruisingportionｓoｆｔhefｌｉｇhtfeｌlbyａrouｎdaquaｒｔer．Thereare，ｏfcourse,kinkstobewoｒkｅdoｕt.Oｎecｏnsｉderaｔｉoｎｉｓsafetｙ,oratleaｓtthｅperｃeptiｏnofit．Ｗoulｄｐａｓsengｅrsfｅelcomｆoｒｔaｂｌetrａvｅllｉnginconvoy?ＤｒＫｒoopｏintｓouttｈattｈeａirｃrafｔｃｏｕldｂesｅpaｒateｄbyｓｅveralnauticalmilｅs,aｎdwouldnotbeｉｎｔheｕnｎervingｌycosｙgrｏupｉngsfavｏureｄbydisplayteａmsｌikeｔｈeＲedArｒows.Apａssengeｒｐeｅｒiｎgoｕtofthewindowmigｈtｎｏｔeｖenｓeｅｔheothｅrplanｅｓ.Ｗheｔhertheｓeｐarａtioｎｄistanｃeｓinvｏｌvedwｏｕlｄsａtｉｓｆyａｉｒ－traffic－contrｏｌregulaｔionsisanothermatter,ａlthoughawoｒｋingｇrｏuｐatｔhｅInterｎationalCivilAvｉation．Ｏrgaｎｉsatｉｏnhasincｌｕｄeｄthepｏsｓｉbｉliｔyofformaｔionｆlyｉngｉnａbｌueprintforneｗoperａtionaｌguidelineｓ.Ｉｔrｅmａinｓtobesｅｅnhowweaｔheｒcondｉｔionsａfｆｅctｔhｅairfｌｏwsthatｍakefoｒｍationflｉghtmoreｅffｉｃient.Inｚonesofinｃｒeasedtuｒbuｌeｎｃe,ｔhepｌanes’wａkesｗillｄecaymorequiｃklyａnｄｔｈeeffeｃtwiｌldiｍinish.DrＫroｏsaysthiｓｉsonｅｏfｔheareashｉsteaｍｗillｉｎvesｔｉgatefuｒｔher.Iｔmightalsｏbeｈaｒdforａirlineｓｔoco-ｏrｄinaｔethedeｐaｒtuｒetiｍesaｎｄdｅstinaｔioｎsoｆpassengｅrａiｒcraｆtinawａｙｔhatwoｕlｄalｌowthemtｏgainfromfｏｒmationflight.Ｃargoaircrａft,iｎcoｎtｒast,mightｂeeaｓieｒtoresｃheduｌe,asmightroutinemiｌitarｙflｉgｈｔs．Aｓｉｔhaｐpens，America’sarmeｄｆorcｅsareontｈeｃａsｅaｌｒeady.Earｌierｔhｉsyearthecountry’sDefenceAdvancedResearchＰroｊeｃtｓAgencyannoｕnｃeｄplanstoｐayBoｅingtｏinvｅstigatefoｒmａtionflight，thoughthｅｐrｏgrａｍmehaｓyｅttｏｂegｉn.Tｈeｒeａrereportsthatsomｅmｉlitaｒyaircrafｔflｅｗinｆｏrmaｔionｗhentｈeyｗerelowoｎfuelduｒingthesｅcondwｏrldｗar,butDrＬｉssamaｎsaystｈeyaｒeaｐocrｙphａl．“ＭyｆatherwasａnRAＦpiｌｏtandmｙcousｉｎthｅsｋippeｒｏfaＬancａstｅrlｏstoverBerlin,”headds．Ｓohesｈｏuldkｎoｗ.４1.FindinｇｓofｔheStaｎfｏrd42.Theｕｐwashexpeｒｉencemaysａvepｒｏpellinｇenerｇｙasｗelｌasreｄucingreｓisｔａｎce.43．Fｏrmaｔionflightismorecomfoｒtａbleｂecauｓepasｓenｇeｒｓｃannotseetｈeotｈｅrplanｅｓ.44.Theroｌethatｗｅatherｐlaysiｎformationflightｈasnoｔyetｂeｅnclｅaｒlydefined.45.IthaｓbeｅndocｕmentedtｈａtduｒinｇWｏrldWaｒII，Ameriｃa’sarmedｆorcesoｎcetrｉedforｍationflightｔosavｅｆuel．4６.Dｉrecｔｉons：InthｉｓsｅcｔiontｈｅreisatextｉnEngｌish.ＴｒａnsｌateｉtinｔoＣhineｓe.WriteｙｏｕrｔransｌatｉoｎoｎＡNSＷＥRSHＥET2.（15pｏints)“Ｓuatainabｉliｔy”hasbeｃomｅaｐopularｗｏrdｔhesedays,butｔoTeｄＮing,ｔheconｃeptwillａｌwａyshavepｅrsonalmeaning.Ｈaｖｉｎgenduｒedａｐaiｎfuｌperiｏｄｏｆunsustainabｉlityinｈisownlifｅｍａdeitclｅartohｉｍtｈａｔｓuｓtainaｂility-oｒienｔedvaｌuesmusｔbｅｅｘprｅｓsedtｈouｇhevｅｒｙdaｙactiｏnandchoiｃe。Ningrecalｌsspendingａｃonfusingyearinthelａte1990ssellinginsｕrancｅ．Ｈe’dｂeeｎthoughtheｄot-comｂoomandｂｕrstａnd,despｅrateforajob,sｉｇｎｅdonwithaBouldｅragency。Itdｉdin’tgoweｌl.“Ｉtｗａsareａllｙhadmovebｅcauｓetｈat’snoｔmypassｉon，”sａysNｉnｇ,whosｅdｉｌｅmmaabouｔthejｏｂtrａnslａｔed,predictabｌｙ,inｔoalackofsalｅs．“Ｉwasｍiseraｂle，ＩｈadｓoｍuｃhanxietyｔhatＩwouｌdwakeupintheｍiddleofthenighｔandstaｒeatthecｅiling.Ｉhａｄnomoneyandneedｅdｔhejob．Eveｒyｏnｅsaid,‘Justｗait,ｙou’ｌｌｔruｎthｅcoｒｎer,gｉveitｓｏmetimｅ．’”47.Dirｅctｉｏns:ＹouhavejustcｏmeｂａckfrｏmthｅＵ.S.ａsaｍｅmbeｒｏｆaＳino-Ameｒicanｃｕlｔuｒａleｘchａｎgeprｏgraｍ.WｒitealetｔertｏyourＡmｅｒicancolｌeagueｔo1）Exｐｒｅssｙourthａｎksforhiｓ/herwarｍreｃeｐｔion；2)Welｃomｅhim/heｒtovisitChinainｄuｅcｏurse。Youshoｕlｄwritｅaｂouｔ100worｄsonANSＷＥRＳＨEＥT2．Dｏnoｔsignyourｏwnnamｅattheendｏfthｅleｔteｒ.Use“ZhangＷei”ｉnstead。Doｎoｔwｒiteyｏｕraddrｅss.(１0ｐｏinｔs）48.Dｉrｅctions:Iｎｔhissectioｎ,ｙouareaskedtowrｉteaｎessayｂａsedontheｆollowingchａrt.Inyoｕrwritiｎg,ｙoｕｓhouｌｄ１)Interprettｈecｈartand2)Ｇivｅｙouｒcomｍeｎts。Youｓhoｕldwrｉteaｔlｅast150words。WritｅyouｒessayoｎonＡNSWＥRSHEＥＴ2.(１5ｐoints)范文:Inｔhｉｓchart，wecanseeｔｈeｍobilｅphonesｕbscriptiｏnsindevelopｅdcoｕntrieshaveasteadyaｎdsｌightincｒeaｓefｒｏｍ1９９０to2023andｔhenreｍainconstａｎｔin２0２3.Mｅanwhilｅtｈｅmobilｅphoneｓｕｂsｃrｉptionsiｎdeｖelopingｃｏunｔrｉeｓｈａvewitnｅｓsｅdaslowincrｅaseｆroｍ19９０to２023andthenａgrｅatsurgeｆｒｏｍ20２３tｏ2023７：thebiｇｇｅstsｕrｇehａppｅnsfrom2023to20２3.Thisｃhartreflｅctsｄifferentdevｅｌoｐiｎgｍｏdesofmobilephoneｉnduｓtｒｙiｎdevelopｅdaｎdｄevｅlopｉnｇcounｔriｅs.Thedｅveｌopeｄｃoｕntriesｈａveａｌimiｔednumberofpopulatｉｏnｓ,ｍostoｆwｈomａrewｅll-educatｅｄ.Tｈerefｏre，ｔｈｅsｐreａdingofｔhemobilephoneｓervｉcｅisｅfficiｅntandｓooｎthemarkｅtｉsｓatｕrａted.Aｌｓoaｔtｈeｂeginningthedeｖｅloｐedｃouｎtrieshａvｅｍorepｅopｌewhoｃanaffordｔhｉsserviｃe.Thｅdeｖelopiｎgcountrieshaｖeａlargepｏｐulatｉonwhokｅepsalargedｅｍaｎdｆorｍobilｅserｖicｅ．Ａsthemobiｌepｈonesｅrvｉｃebeｃｏmescｈeapeｒanｄcｈeapｅr,thｅincreａsiｎgcｕｓtｏｍerssubscｒibetobeｎeｆitfｒｏｍtｈiｓｓｅrｖicｅ。Ａsｄiscussedabovｅ,ｉtisnｏtsurｐｒisingtｏｓｅeｔhiscｈａｎge.Inmyoｐiniｏｎ,thistｒenｄthaｔtｈenｕmｂerofmobile-phonesｕbscripｔionsｉｓiｎcｒeaｓiｎｇlyiｎcreaｓingwillｃonｔiｎｕeｆｏｒawｈileinthｅfuｔｕreSecｔionIＵseｏｆEnglish一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道,叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采用的针对性措施。首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。第三段引用专家的观点,认为瘟疫并不严重。第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…wasｄeclareｄaglobａlepidｅmic…”,根据ｄeｃlａｒe的逻辑(“宣布为”），可知应当选D项designatｅd“命名，制定”，而不是Ｃ项comｍｅnted“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。２．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索,选出答案,难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应当抓住alｅｒt、ｍｅeｔing和aｓｈarpｒｉsｅ三者的关系,根据afterasｈａrprｉse可知是rise(“病例数的增长”)是ｍｅeting(“日内瓦专家会议”)的因素，由此可推导出ａleｒｔ并非是meeting的因素，而是结果，即meeting使得alert升级。根据上述分析可以排除Ｂ、D选项,B项actiｖated“激活，激起”，Ｄ项“促使，引起”,此两项的选择都在讲alｅrt导致了ｍｅeting的召开。而C项follｏwed意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出ａftｅr的逻辑,完全满足本句ｒｉse之后是ｍeetiｎg,ｍeetｉnｇ之后是aleｒt的逻辑,所以是对的项。而A项ｐroceedeｄ“继续”，属不及物动词,不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。３．【答案】B【解析】本题目应当关注并列连词anｄ，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达iｎＢrｉtaｉn…相应前面的ｉnAustralia，所以空格处risｉng____＿应当相应asharpriｓｅincases(“病例数的剧增”)，因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。A项diｇiｔs“(阿拉伯）数字”,不表达数量,不能与rising形成搭配；C项amounts“数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指的是cases,可数名词);Ｄ项sumｓ“金额，款项”,不能用于表达“病例数”。B项numbｅrs“数量”，修饰可数名词(如:larｇeｎumbeｒsofcaｓes大量的病例）,符合题意。４.【答案】Ａ【解析】此处句子开头的“Ｂut”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思(第二段)形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达如“heｉｇhteneｄaleｒt”、“ｅmergｅncymeｅting”和“aｓhａｒpriseiｎcaｓｅｓ”都在讲述猪流感的严重性,所以根据But和inseｖerｉty，可知空格处应当是“不严重或缓和”的逻辑。５.【答案】A【解析】Bｕttheeｐiｄemicis“ｍｏderaｔｅ”iｎsｅveriｔｙ,……5……patｉentｓeｘpeｒiencing…ｓymｐｔomsand…reｃoｖeｒy…，本句的划线部分是句子主干（主系表），逗号后面的表达是包具有逻辑主语paｔｉｅｎts和逻辑谓语experｉencing的独立主格结构（syｍptomsａnd…ｒecｏvｅｒｙ是逻辑宾语)。根据语法原理,只有介词wｉth才可以引导独立主格，所以选Ａ。再比如:Sheｓatthere,withteａrsstreamｉngdownherｆaｃe.“她坐在那里,泪流满面”。6.【答案】Ｂ【解析】根据出处句中…ｉntｈｅｏf…这个搭配,可排除A、D项,答案应当选Ｂ、Ｃ项中的一个。Ｂ项iｎtheabｓencｅｏｆ“缺少,不存在”，例如Thecasewasdismissｅdintｈeabsｅｎceofanydefiｎｉteｐｒoof.“此案