2023年考研英语二真题真正完整版六大题全有答案和译文

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[C]conｃｅrneｄwithﻩﻩ[D]wａrｄingoffSecｔioｎⅡReaｄprehensionPartAText1Tｈｅｌｏnｇestｂullｒuninacｅnｔｕryofart-maｒkethistorｙeｎｄedoｎａdraｍaｔicｎｏtewiｔhasaｌeof５6worksbyDamiｅｎＨirｓt,“ＢｅaｕtiｆulＩnsideMyHeadFｏrevｅr”，atSｏtheｂy’sinLoｎｄononSeｐteｍber15th20２3.Aｌｌｂｕttwｏpｉｅcesｓoｌｄ，fｅtchinｇmｏｒｅthａn￡７0ｍ,ａrecordfoｒaｓalｅbyａｓingleａｒｔist.Ｉtwａsalaｓtvｉcｔory.Ａstｈeａｕctiｏneeｒcａlｌeｄoｕtbｉds,inNeｗＹｏrkｏneｏｆtheolｄestｂankｓｏｎWallSｔｒｅｅt,LehｍanBrothｅrｓ,fiｌedforbａｎｋｒｕptcy．Theｗorldaｒｔmarｋethａｄａｌreａｄybeenlosinｇｍｏmentumforawhｉleafterrｉsiｎgbｅwildeｒinglysinｃe20２3.Ａtｉtspｅａkｉｎ202３ｉｔｗaswｏrtｈsoｍe$65billion,ｒecｋonsＣｌareMcAndrｅw,ｆｏｕnderofArtsEｃｏnomicｓ,aresearchｆiｒm—doｕｂletｈeｆigureｆivｅｙearsｅarlier.Ｓiｎcethｅniｔmayhavecoｍedoｗntｏ＄50billｉoｎ.Ｂuｔtｈemａrketgeneratesiｎteｒｅstｆarｂｅyｏｎditsｓizｅbecauseｉｔbringstoｇetheｒgreatｗｅaｌth,enormouｓegｏs,ｇreeｄ,paｓsiｏnandcontrｏvｅrsyｉnaｗａyｍatｃhｅｄbｙfewｏthｅrｉndusｔrｉｅｓ.IntｈｅweeｋｓａndmoｎｔhsthatfolloｗedＭrHirsｔ’ssale,sｐendｉngoｆanysortbｅｃａmedeeｐlｙuｎfashioｎable,esｐｅｃiallyｉnNeｗYork,wherethebail－ouｔｏfthｅｂankscoiｎcidedwｉththｅlossｏｆthousａｎdsofjobsanｄthefiｎaｎｃｉaldemｉseｏfmａｎyａrt-buｙｉnginvｅｓｔors．Inｔheartwｏｒldtｈatmeantcｏｌlectorｓｓtaｙedａwａyfｒomgaｌleriｅsandsalｅｒooｍs.Saleｓofｃｏntｅmporarｙarｔfｅllｂyｔwo-ｔｈiｒds,andinthｅｍoｓtｏｖerhｅaｔedsector—fｏrChiｎｅsecｏnｔeｍｐｏrａrｙａｒｔ—theyｗeｒｅｄownｂyneａrly９0%intｈeyｅartｏNoveｍbｅr2023．Wiｔhinweekｓthｅｗｏrｌd’ｓtwｏｂｉgｇesｔauctionｈouｓｅs，Ｓotｈeby’saｎdChrｉｓtｉe’s，hａｄtoｐayｏｕtｎｅarly$200minguarａｎteesｔｏcliｅntswｈohａdplａcedworksforsaｌewitｈｔhｅｍ．ThecurrentｄowｎturnintheａrtｍarkｅtisthewｏrstsinｃetheJａpaneｓesｔｏppｅdbｕyinｇImpｒesｓioｎiｓtsａttheendof19８９，ａｍovetｈatstａｒtｅｄｔｈemosｔseｒiｏusconｔracｔiｏｎintheｍaｒkeｔsiｎｃetｈｅSｅｃｏnｄWorｌdWａr．Ｔhistｉｍeｅxｐｅrtsreckonthａtpricesaｒeabｏut40%dowｎontheirpｅaｋonaveｒage,thｏughsomehavｅbeeｎｆａｒmoreｆluctuaｎt.ButEdwardDoｌmaｎ,Cｈrｉsｔiｅ’schiefeｘecｕtｉve，saｙs:“I’mprｅttｙconfｉdentwｅ’reatthebottｏm.”Whatmakｅsthiｓｓlｕmpdifferentfromthｅlast,hｅsays，isthａttheｒearesｔｉllbuyerｓｉntheｍarket，ｗhｅｒｅasinｔheｅarlｙ1９90s,wｈeniｎｔｅrestｒａteswｅrｅhiｇh,ｔhereｗａsnodemandeventｈｏｕgｈｍanycollectoｒswａｎｔeｄｔｏselｌ．Christie’sｒevenuesintｈｅfirsthalfof202３werestilｌhｉgｈｅrｔhaｎinthefirstｈalfｏf２0２3.Almosteveryoｎewｈoｗasintｅrｖieｗｅdfortｈiｓｓpeciａlrepoｒｔsaidｔｈattｈebiｇgestproblemａｔtheｍｏmentisnｏtalaｃkofdｅmａndbutalａckoｆgｏｏdworktoseｌl.TｈｅthｒｅeDs—deatｈ，debｔaｎdｄｉvorce—stｉlｌdeliverwoｒksofａrttotｈｅmａrket.Bｕtaｎyonｅwhｏdoeｓnothａvetosellisｋｅeｐiｎgａway,waｉtingforconfiｄenｃetｏretｕrｎ.２1．Inthｅfｉrｓtparagｒaｐh,ＤａmｉenHiｒst＇ssalewasreｆerｒedtoas“ａｌａstvicｔory”becauｓe__＿_.A.thｅartｍaｒｋeｔhadwitneｓｓｅdaｓuccessｉｏnofvictorieｓB.tｈeaucｔioｎeerfｉnａllygotthetｗopiecｅsatthehighestbｉdsＣ．ＢeaｕｔifulInsideMyHeadＦorｅveｒｗonｏｖerallmasterpiecesＤ．iｔwａssucceｓｓｆｕlｌymadeｊｕstｂｅｆoｒethｅwoｒｌdｆinaｎcialcrisis２2.Bysayiｎg“spendｉngoｆaｎyｓoｒtbeｃａｍedeｅplyｕnfashionaｂle”(Ｌiｎe1-２,Parａ．3)，theauthorｓuggeststｈaｔ_＿＿＿_．Ａ．collectoｒsｗeｒenoloｎgeractivelyinvｏｌvediｎａrt－mａrketauｃtionｓB.peoplｅstoppｅｄeveryｋｉｎｄｏｆsｐendｉnｇandｓtayｅdaｗayｆrｏmgａlｌerｉesC.ａｒtcoｌlectｉonasafashｉonｈａｄｌostｉtsappeａltoagｒｅatｅxtentD.woｒksｏｆartｉｎgenerａlhadgonｅoutoffashioｎsothｅyｗerenｏtworｔｈbuｙing２３．WｈｉｃhoftｈeｆoｌlｏwingstatｅmeｎｔsｉsNOTtrue？A．Ｓalesoｆconｔemporaryartfelｌdraｍaticalｌyfroｍ２023tｏ２０２3.B.Tｈeａrtmarｋｅtｓuｒpasｓｅdmanyotheｒiｎduｓtrｉesｉnｍomentum.C.Ｔhemarkｅtｇeｎerａｌlywenｔｄowｎwardinvarｉousways.D.Sｏｍeａrｔｄeａleｒswereａwaitiｎｇｂeｔｔeｒｃhanｃｅstocｏｍe.24．ThｅthreeDsmｅntiｏｎeｄｉntheｌaｓtpａrａｇraphaｒe____A.ａuctionhouses＇fａvoriｔｅsB.ｃｏntemｐoｒaｒytrｅｎｄsC.factｏｒmotingartworkcｉrｃulaｔｉonＤ.stylesrｅpreｓenｔingimpresｓionisｔs２5．Thｅmostapproｐｒiateｔiｔｌefｏrｔｈisｔexｔcoｕldbｅ___A.FlｕcｔuaｔionofＡｒｔPrｉcesB.Up－tｏ－dateAｒtＡuｃtiｏｎsC.ArｔMarketinDeclineD.ＳｈifｔedIntｅrestｉnArtｓＴｅxt2ＩwａsaddreｓsingasmallgａtheringinasｕburbａnVirｇinialｉｖingroom—awｏｍen＇sgrouｐtｈaｔhadinvitｅdmｅntojｏinthｅｍ.Ｔhrouｇhoutｔｈeｅｖｅningonｅmaｎhadbeenpartiｃｕlarlｙtalkatiｖe,fｒｅｑuｅntlyoｆferｉngidｅaｓandａｎeｃdotes,whilehiswiｆesaｔsilｅｎｔｌyｂesidｅｈiｍoｎtheｃoucｈ.ToｗardｔheeｎdoftｈeevｅｎinｇIｃommｅnｔｅdtｈatwomenｆrequｅntlyｃomplainthattheirｈusbａndｓdon'ttalktothem.Tｈismａnquickｌynoddedｉnagｒeｅment.Hｅgesｔuｒedtｏwａｒdhiswifeanｄｓaid,＂Shｅ'sｔhetalｋerinourfamily."Theroｏmbuｒstiｎtｏlaughter;theｍanloｏkedpuzzｌedandhurt."Ｉt'ｓtruｅ，"heexｐlａined．"ＷheｎIcoｍehomeｆromwｏrｋ,Iｈavｅnｏthingtoｓay.Ifｓｈedｉdn'ｔkｅeptheｃonversａｔiｏngｏｉnｇ,ｗｅ'ｄspendtheｗholｅevenｉｎginsｉlenｃe.＂ＴhiｓeｐisoｄecｒystalｌizeｓtｈeironyｔｈatalｔhｏugｈＡmeｒicａnmenteｎdtｏtaｌkmｏｒeｔｈanwｏmeniｎpublicsiｔuations,theyoｆtｅｎｔalｋｌｅssathome.Ａndthｉspａtterniswrｅakｉnghavoｃwiｔｈmａrrｉａgｅ.ＴheｐaｔｔerｎwａｓobservedbypolitｉｃalｓcieｎtistAndrewHacｋｅrinｔｈelａte1970s.SｏｃioｌｏgｉstCatheriｎｅＫｏｈleｒRiessｍanrｅpｏrtｓinｈｅrｎewbｏok"DiｖorceTalk"thaｔmosｔoｆｔhｅwｏmeｎshｅintｅrｖiｅwｅd—ｂutｏnｌyafeｗｏｆtｈemen—gａｖｅｌackｏｍunicaｔiｏnａsthｅreasonfortheirdivorces.Giveｎthｅcｕｒｒｅntdiｖorceratｅofnｅarly50percent,thatamｏuntstomｉllionｓoｆｃasｅｓｉntheUniteｄStateｓeveryｙeａr—ａvirtualepidemiｃoffaｉledconversａtｉon.Inmyownreｓearchcoｍplaintsfroｍｗoｍｅnaｂouttheirhusbａndsmｏsｔoftｅnfocuseｄnｏtoｎtａngｉbｌeｉｎequiｔiessucｈashavinggiｖenupthechancｅfｏrａｃareertoaｃcomｐanyahuｓbandtｏｈｉsordoingｆarmｏreｔhａntｈeiｒshareofdaiｌｙｌife-supporｔwｏｒklｉkecleａnｉｎg,cookiｎｇ,ｓｏciaｌarrａngementｓandeｒraｎds．Inｓteadｔhｅyfocuｓｅdoncoｍｍuｎicａtiｏn:"Hedoesn＇tliｓｔｅｎtｏme.""Heｄoesn＇ｔtalktome．＂IfoundasHａckerｏbseｒvedｙearsbefoｒeｔhatmostwivｅswanｔtheiｒｈusbａndstｏbefiｒstaｎdｆoremosｔcｏnversationａlpaｒtｎersbutｆeｗhusbanｄssｈａrethisexpectationofthｅirwｉｖｅs.Inshoｒｔtheimagｅthａtｂestrepｒesentsｔhecｕrrentcrｉsisisｔhｅsｔereｏtypｉcaｌｃartoonsceｎeofamａnsittingaｔｔhebreａkfasｔtａｂlewｉthanewspaperheldupinfrontｏfhisｆacｅ，ｗhiｌeawoｍanｇlaｒesatthｅbackofit,wａntｉnｇｔotalk.26.Whatｉsmｏstwｉves'maｉnｅxpectatｉonoftheirｈusbands?A．Ｔaｌｋinｇtｏtｈｅm.B．Trustingtｈｅm．Ｃ.Ｓｕppoｒtinｇtheiｒｃareers.Ｄ.Shａrｉnghousｅwork.27.Judgｉｎgfｒomtｈeconteｘt,thephｒaｓe“wreakiｎghavoc”（Ｌinｅ3,Pａｒa.2)mｏbablymeanｓ___.A.geneｒａtiｎｇmotｉｖatiｏn.B．exeｒtｉnginflｕenｃｅC.caｕsingdamageD.ｃreａｔingpｒessuｒe２8.AlｌｏｆthefollowinｇaretrｕeEXCEPT＿_＿__＿＿A.meｎteｎdtotalkmorｅinpuｂliｃthanwoｍenB．neａrｌy50perｃentofreｃｅntdiｖｏrｃeｓaｒeｃａｕsedbyfaileｄconveｒsatioｎC.womｅnattａchmuｃhimｐortａnceｔoｃommunicatｉｏnbｅtweencoupｌesＤ.ａｆemaletendsｔobeｍoreｔalkaｔｉｖeathomethａnhｅrspoｕｓe２9.Ｗhｉｃhoｆｔheｆolｌowｉｎgcａnｂestsuｍmariｚethｅmainｉdeaoｆthistｅｘt?A.Ｔheｍoｒaｌdeｃａｙinｇdeｓervesmoreｒeseaｒchbysｏciologisｔs.B.Maｒｒiagｅbreak-upsteｍsfrｏｍsｅxｉnｅquａlｉties.C.Hｕsbanｄandwifehａｖediｆｆerenteｘｐｅcｔationsfrｏmtheirmarｒiaｇe．D.Cｏｎｖersａｔｉｏnalpattｅrnsbｅtｗeenmaｎandwifearｅdｉｆfｅrent．3０.Inthefolｌoｗingpartimｍｅｄiatｅlyaftｅrthistｅxｔ，ｔheauthｏrwｉｌlｍostｐrobablyfｏcuson______A.ａｖividacｃoｕntofthenewbｏoｋDiｖorceTalkＢ．adｅｔａｉleｄdesｃriptiｏnofthｅstereｏtｙpｉcａlcartoｏnC.ｏtherpｏssiblerｅａsｏnsforahighdivorceｒａｔeｉｎtｈeU．Ｓ.D.aｒoduｃｔionｔothepoｌiｔｉcａlsｃientｉstAndreｗHaｃｋerＴext3Oｖerｔｈepastdecade,mａｎycompanieshadpeｒfecｔedtheaｒtｏfcreatｉngautｏｍaticｂｅhａvｉoｒs—haｂitｓ—ａmongconsumｅｒｓ．Thｅｓeｈaｂiｔｓhavｅhｅlpedcomｐanｉｅsearｎbiｌlionsｏｆdollａrswhencustoｍｅrseatsnackｓ，applylｏtiｏnsanｄwiｐｅcountersalｍostwithoｕttｈinkｉnｇ，ofteninreｓｐonsetoacareｆｕｌlyｄeｓignedsetoｆdaｉlyｃueｓ.“Thｅｒearｅｆundamｅnｔalｐublichｅaｌthｐroblemｓ,liｋeｄirtｙhanｄsinsteaｄｏfaｓoaｐhabit,ｔhaｔｒｅｍaｉnｋｉllerｓｏｎlybｅcａｕseｗeｃan’tｆigurｅouｔhowｔｏcｈangepｅopｌe’shaｂits,”Ｄr．Ｃurtissaid.“Wewantｅdtoleaｒnfromｐrivateｉndustｒyhowｔocreａｔenｅwｂｅｈavｉorsthａｔｈappeｎautoｍaｔicａlly.”ThecomｐaｎiesthaｔDｒ.Cｕrｔistｕｒnedｔｏ—Prｏcter&Gamｂlｅ,Colｇaｔe-ＰalｍoliveａndUnileｖer—haｄiｎvestedｈundredｓｏfｍillｉｏnsｏfdoｌlarsfinｄingｔhesuｂｔleｃueｓｉnｃoｎｓumers’livesｔhatcorporatｉonscoulduｓetｏinｔｒｏducenｅｗroutines．Ifyouloｏkharｄenough,yｏu’llfｉndｔｈatmａｎyofｔｈｅproductsweuｓeｅｖeｒｙdａy—ｃｈeｗiｎgguｍs，skｉｎmoｉsｔｕｒizｅrs,ｄisiｎfeｃtingwiｐeｓ，airfreshenｅrｓ，waｔerpuｒiｆiers,healthsnacｋs,antｉperspｉｒａｎtｓ，colognｅs，ｔeｅthwｈitｅｎers，fａbricsｏfｔｅneｒs,vitamiｎs—areresultsoｆmaｎufacturedhaｂits.Aｃeｎｔuｒyaｇo,fewpeｏpｌeｒｅｇularlybｒushedtｈeiｒteeｔｈmｕlｔiplｅtimeｓaｄaｙ．Today,becauseoｆcannｙaｄｖertisinganｄpubliｃhealthcampaigns,ｍanｙAmeｒicａnsｈabituａllyｇｉvetheirｐeaｒlywhitesａcaｖｉty-pｒeｖentｉnｇscｒubtｗicｅaｄay,ｏftenwithColgａte，Ｃrestorｏneｏfｔhｅotherbrandｓ． Ａfewｄeｃaｄｅsago,ｍａnyｐｅoｐｌedｉdｎ’tdrinｋwaterｏutsideofameal.Theｎbｅverａgecompaｎiesｓtarｔｅdboｔtlｉnｇtheproductionｏffar-offｓpｒingｓ，ａndnoｗｏffｉceworkｅrsunthinkｉｎglｙｓipｂoｔtledwaterａｌｌｄaｙloｎg.Chｅwinggｕｍ，onｃｅboughtpｒｉmaｒilybｙadolescｅntboyｓ,isｎｏｗｆeａｔuredｉncommｅrｃiaｌsasaｂreathfreshenｅrandteｅthcleａｎserfｏrｕseafterameal．Sｋiｎｍoｉｓtｕrizerｓaｒｅａdvｅrtｉsedａｓpartoｆmｏrningbeauｔyｒitualｓ，slｉｐpeｄinｂｅtweｅｎhairbrusｈｉngandpuｔtingonmａkeup.“Oｄuctssuｃceｅｄwhenｔhｅybｅcomepaｒtｏfdaiｌyorｗeeklypatｔeｒns，”saidＣａrｏlBｅｒnｉng,acｏnsｕmerpsychｏｌogｉsｔwｈoｒeｃentlyrｅtiｒｅｄfromProcteｒ&Gamｂle,thecompaｎytｈatｓolｄ$76bilｌioｎoｆTｉde,Cｒestandotheｒproductｓｌasｔyear.“Cｒeaｔingpositiｖｅhaｂitsｉsahｕgeｐａrtofimproｖinｇouｒconsumeｒs’liｖes，anｄiｔ’ｓesｓentialｔomakingnewpｒodｕｍeｒｃiallｙviablｅ.”Thｒouｇhｅxpeｒｉmentsａnｄobｓeｒｖａtion,sｏｃiaｌscienｔistslikｅＤr．Ｂｅrnｉnghａｖeｌeaｒｎeｄthattheｒeiｓｐｏｗｅrintｙｉngcerｔainbｅhaviorstohａbｉｔualcuｅｓthrougｈrｅlｅntlｅｓsａdveｒtisinｇ.Asthｉsnewｓciｅnｃeofｈａbithaseｍｅｒged,contｒoveｒsiesｈａｖｅerupｔeｄwhenｔheｔaｃtiｃｓｈaveｂｅeｎuｓedtｏｓeｌlquestionａblebeautｙcｒeamsoｒuｎhealtｈyfoｏds.３1.ＡｃcorｄingtoDr.Ｃuｒtis，haｂitslikehａndwashiｎgwｉthｓoap＿＿_＿_＿_＿.[A]shoulｄｂeｆurthercuｌｔｉvateｄ[B]shoｕldｂechａｎgedgrａｄually[C］ａｒedeｅｐｌyroｏteｄｉnhisｔory[Ｄ]arebaｓｉcalｌyprivａtecoｎcerns32.Botｔlｅdwateｒ,chｅwｉnggｕnandskinmoiｓｔuｒｉｚersaremeｎtionediｎPaｒａgraph5ｓｏaｓto____［A]revealtheirimpactｏnpeoｐle’shabits[Ｂ］shｏwtheurgeｎtｎｅｅdofdailynｅcessｉties[C]indｉcaｔetheirefｆｅctonpｅople’ｓbuyｉnｇpowｅr[D]maniｆestthesｉgｎificanｔroleofgooｄhabｉｔs33.ＷｈｉcｈｏｆｔheｆolｌowinｇdoesNOTbeｌoｎgｔopｒodｕctsｔｈatｈｅｌｐcreatｅpeople’sｈａbits?[Ａ]Tｉde[B]Cｒesｔ[Ｃ］Coｌgate[D]Uniｌever34.Fromtheｔｅxtwｅknowthａtｓomeofcoｎsｕmｅｒ’ｓhａbitsaｒｅdevｅｌｏpeddueｔo__＿__［A]pｅrfecteｄartofprｏduｃts［B]ａutomaticbeｈａviｏｒcreaｔｉon[C]commerｃiａｌpromoｔiｏns[D］ｓciｅnｔificｅxperｉmｅnts35.Theauthor’sａtｔiｔudｅtoｗardtｈeinfluenceｏfadvertiｓeｍentonpｅoｐｌe’shａbitsｉｓ____[A]ｉndifferｅnｔ[Ｂ]negaｔiｖe[Ｃ]positive[D]biaｓｅdTexｔ４ManyAmerｉｃａnsregａｒdｔｈejｕryｓysｔeｍasａconcｒｅteexprｅssiｏｎoｆｃrｕcialｄemoｃraticvalｕｅｓ,includingｔheprinｃｉpｌesthatａｌlｃｉtiｚeｎswhｏmｅｅtｍiｎimａlqｕaliｆicａtionｓofagｅandliｔｅracyａｒeｅquallｙｃoｍpeｔenttoｓerｖeｏｎjurieｓ;tｈatjｕrorｓshｏuldbeｓelectedrandｏmlyfroｍaｒeｐｒesｅntatｉｖｅcｒosｓseｃtionｏfthecommｕnｉty;thａtnocitizenｓhouldｂedｅniｅdｔｈerightｔoｓerｖeoｎａjurｙonaccountofｒaｃｅ,rｅligiｏn,sex,ｏrnaｔionaloｒigin;tｈatdｅfendaｎtsareentitｌedtoｔrｉalbythｅirpｅｅrs;aｎdthaｔverdicｔsshｏuldrepｒeｓentthｅconｓcienceofthｅｃoｍmuｎｉtyanｄnotｊustｔｈｅletteroｆtheｌａｗ.Tｈejuryisaｌsoｓaidｔobetheｂeｓtｓurviｖiｎｇexaｍｐleｏfｄiｒｅcｔｒaｔhertｈanrepresenｔaｔiｖeｄemｏｃｒacy.Inadirecｔdｅmocracy,cｉtizｅnｓｔaketuｒｎsgoveｒninｇｔｈｅmｓelves，ｒatｈｅrｔｈanelｅctｉngｒｅprｅsentaｔivestoｇoｖernfｏrtｈem.Butasreｃentlｙasin1986,ｊurｙselｅctｉonprocedｕrｅｓｃonflicteｄwiｔｈthesｅdemoｃraticideａlｓ.Insomestaｔes,forexaｍplｅ,jurydｕtｙwaslｉmｉtｅdtｏｐersonsofｓupｐｏsedlysupeｒioｒinteｌligｅncｅ,educａｔｉon,andｍｏｒalcharacter.AlthoughtｈeＳupreｍｅCourtoｆｔheUniteｄStateshaｄpｒoｈibｉteｄintｅntionａlｒaciaｌdiscriminatioｎinjuryseｌectｉonasearlyasthe1８8０casｅofStrａuderv.WｅｓtVirｇｉnｉａ,thepractｉｃeofｓｅｌｅctｉngso-ｃａlledeｌｉtｅorblue－ribｂoｎjuriespｒovidedａcｏnvenientwａyarounｄthisandotｈeraｎtidiscriｍiｎａｔionlaws．Ｔｈｅsyｓtemalsofaｉlｅdtoregularlｙiｎcludewomenonjuriesｕnｔiltｈｅmiｄ-２0thｃentury.ＡltｈouｇhwomeｎfirstservedonstaｔeｊuｒiesiｎUtahiｎ1898,ｉｔwasnotｕntilthe1940sthatamajorｉtｙoｆstateｓmadeｗomeneliｇibleｆoｒjurｙdｕty.Eventheｎsｅverａlｓｔatesauｔomatｉcallyｅxｅｍptedwoｍｅnｆromjuｒyduｔyunlesｓtｈeypeｒsoｎallyaskedtohａｖetheirnaｍesincludｅdonｔhejurylisｔ.Thisｐraｃticｅwasjuｓｔifiedbyｔｈecｌａimthatwomｅｎwereneeｄｅdaｔhome，anｄiｔｋｅptjuriｅsｕnrｅpreｓentativeoｆwomｅnthroughtｈe１96０s.Iｎ1９68,theCongressoftheUnｉteｄSｔaｔeｓpａｓsedtｈeＪurySeleｃtiｏｎaｎdServiceAct，ushｅrinｇinanｅｗｅrａｏfdｅmｏcｒａticreformsfoｒｔhｅjury．Thiｓlａwaｂolisｈedsｐｅｃialedｕｃatiｏnalreｑuireｍenｔｓfｏrfｅderａljｕｒoｒsandreqｕiredｔｈeｍtobｅｓｅlectedａtranｄomｆrｏｍacrｏｓsseｃtionoｆｔheentirｅcommｕnity.Intｈelanｄmark1975deｃiｓionTaｙlorｖs.Louｉsianａ,thｅＳupremeCoｕrtexｔｅnｄｅdtｈeｒｅqｕiremeｎtthatｊurｉesｂｅreｐresentａｔiveofallpａrtsofthecoｍｍunitｙtｏｔhestａteleｖel.TｈeＴaylordecisionaｌｓｏｄｅclａｒｅdsｅｘｄiｓcｒiminaｔｉoninjｕｒｙｓｅlectiontｏbeuｎconstｉtutionalaｎdoｒdereｄstatesｔoｕseｔhｅsamｅproｃedurｅsforｓｅlectingｍalｅａndｆemaｌejurｏrｓ．3６.FromthｅprｉnｃiplesoftheUSjurysysｔｅm，welearntｈat___＿__[A]bothlibeｒatｅandillitｅraｔeｐｅｏpleｃanserveonｊurｉes[B]defendａｎtsａreiｍmuｎｅfrｏmtｒialbytheiｒｐeｅrs[C]ｎｏagelimiｔshoｕｌdｂｅｉmposedｆorjurysｅrvicｅ[D］juｄｇｍｅntshouldcoｎｓidｅrtｈeopiniｏnofthepublic３７.Thｅpracticeｏfｓeleｃtingsｏ-callｅdｅliｔｅｊuｒｏrspｒiorto1968showed____＿[A]theｉnaｄequacyofantｉｄiscrimｉnationlaｗs[B］theｐrevaｌentｄｉscrimｉnａtionａgaｉｎstcｅｒtaｉnrａcｅs[C]tｈeconflictiｎｇiｄealsinjuryseｌectｉonpｒｏcｅdures[D]ｔｈeａrｒoｇancｅcoｍｍoｎamongthｅＳuｐｒｅｍeCouｒtjuｓtｉces38.Evenｉnthe196０s,ｗoｍｅｎwereseldoｍonthejｕrｙlｉsｔｉnsomeｓtatesbeｃausｅ__＿__[A]tｈeｙweｒeautｏｍａtｉcalｌｙｂanneｄbysｔatelaｗs［B]ｔhｅyfeｌlfarsｈorｔｏftｈｅｒequｉｒedquaｌiｆicaｔions［C]tｈｅｙwｅｒｅsupposedｔoｐeｒｆormdomesticduｔｉeｓ[Ｄ]theytendedtｏevａdepuｂlicｅngａｇeｍent３９.AfｔｅrｔheJurySelectｉonandSerｖicｅActwａsｐassed.___［Ａ]sexｄiscriminaｔioniｎｊuｒｙselｅｃtioｎｗasuncｏnsｔｉtｕｔioｎalａndhadtｏbeaｂolisheｄ[B］educaｔｉonaｌrｅquｉremeｎtsbecamｅlesｓriｇiｄｉｎthｅselecｔionofｆedeｒalｊurors［C]jurorsａttheｓtateleｖｅｌｏuｇhttobereｐreｓeｎtaｔiveoｆｔheentirecommuｎｉtｙ[D]sｔatｅsｏuｇhtｔｏconformtｏｔhefedｅrａlcｏurtinreforｍingｔhejｕｒｙsｙstem４0.IndiｓcussinｇtheUＳjurｙsyｓtｅm,thｅｔextｃenterson＿_＿____[A］itｓnaｔureａｎblｅｍs［Ｂ]itscｈaｒａctｅristicsanｄtraｄition[C]itsproblｅmsaｎdtheirsolutｉons[Ｄ］itstｒadｉtｉonaｎddｅvｅlopmentPartB根据下文判断正误。原文：BOTHBoｅingandＡｉrbushaｖeｔrumpeｔｅdtheefficieｎｃyoｆｔｈｅｉrｎewesｔaircraft,ｔｈe787ａndA350reｓｐecｔively.Tｈｅiｒcleverｄesignsandｌｉgｈtｗｅigｈtcomｐｏsiｔescertainlｙmａkeaｄiffｅｒenｃｅ.ButａｇrｏuｐofresearcｈｅｒsａtStanｆordUniversity，ｌedbｙIｌanＫｒoo,hasｓuggｅｓtｅdthaｔaiｒliｎescouｌdtaｋeamorenaturａｌisｔｉcaｐpｒoachtocutｔｉｎgjet-fueluse，ａndｉtｗoｕldnoｔｒeｑuiretheｍｔobｕynewairｃrａｆt．Thｅansweｒ,ｓａysＤrKroo,lｉeｓｗiｔhbiｒds.Since191４,ａnｄaｓeminaｌｐａperbｙaGｅrmａｎｒeseａrcheｒｃaｌｌeｄＣａｒｌＷiｅｓｅlsbeｒgeｒ,scientｉstsｈaｖekｎｏwｎthatｂirdsflyingｉｎformatiｏn—aＶ－shape，echelｏnoroｔheｒwｉｓe—eｘpeｎdlesｓenergy.Ｔheairflowingoverabird’swｉnｇscｕrｌsupwａｒｄsbehindｔhewingtips,aｐhｅnｏmｅnｏnknｏwnasupwash.Otｈerbirdｓｆlyingintheｕpwashｅｘperieｎｃｅreduceｄｄｒaｇ,andspｅndlessenergｙpｒoｐｅllｉngtｈemseｌvｅs.PｅtｅrLisｓamａｎ,aｎaeｒonautｉcsｅxpｅrtwhowasｆormｅrlｙａtCaｌtecｈandｔｈｅUｎiveｒsｉｔyofSoｕｔhernＷheｎapｐliedtｏaiｒｃrafｔ,theprincipｌesareｎｏtsubstａntｉaｌｌydifferent.DｒＫrｏoandhｉsteａmmodeｌledｗｈaｔｗｏuldhaｐpenｉｆthｒｅepasseｎｇerjetｓdepartiｎgfromLosAngeles，SanFranciｓcoandLａsVeｇaswerｅtoreｎdｅｚvｏusｏvｅrUｔah,assuｍeaninvｅrtedV-forｍatiｏn,oｃcasioｎａｌlyswapｐlａｃessoallcoｕｌｄｈaveａｔurnintｈemostfａvourａbleｐositions,aｎdproceｅdtoLondon．Theyfoｕndthattheａircｒafｔcｏｎsuｍｅdasmuchａs15%lesｓfuｅl（ｗithacoｎｃomiｔａntｒeducｔioninｃarbｏn-dｉoｘｉｄeoｕtpｕt).Nitrogeｎ-oxｉdｅemiｓsionsdｕｒiｎgtｈecｒuｉsingportiｏｎsoftheflｉｇｈtfｅｌｌbyａｒoｕndaquaｒter．Ｔheｒeare,ofcouｒsｅ,kinkｓtobeworkeｄout.Ｏnecｏnsidｅrａtioniｓsafety,oｒａtleasttheｐerceptionofiｔ.Woｕｌdpasｓeｎgersｆｅelcｏmfortabletraveｌｌiｎgiｎｃonvoy?ＤrKroopｏiｎｔsouttｈattheａircｒaｆtcoulｄbeseparatedｂyｓｅverａｌnaｕticalmｉles，andwoｕldnｏtbeｉnthｅunnｅｒvinglycosygroｕpingsfavouredbydisplａyｔeamsｌiｋetheＲedArrows.Aｐassenｇeｒpeｅrinｇoutofｔhewindowｍigｈtnotevenseetheotherplaｎeｓ.Ｗhethertheseｐａratｉｏｎdistanceｓiｎvolvedｗouｌdsａtisfｙaｉr-ｔrafｆic-cｏｎｔrｏlｒeｇuｌａtionsisanotｈｅrmatｔeｒ,althoｕghaworkinggｒｏupaｔtheInternationaｌCiｖilAviａtｉon.Oｒｇanｉsatｉonｈasiｎcludedtｈepossibilityofｆormatioｎflyｉnginａblｕeｐrｉntforneｗｏｐｅraｔｉonalgｕidelｉnｅｓ．Ｉtremaiｎstobｅsｅenhowweaｔhｅrcｏnｄitiｏnｓaｆfecｔtｈeairflowsｔhatmakｅｆｏｒmationfｌｉghtｍoｒeeffiｃiｅnｔ．Ｉnzoｎesｏfｉncreasｅｄturbulence,thepｌanes’wakeswiｌldｅｃａymoｒequickｌｙａｎdtheefｆectwiｌldiminish.DrＫroｏsayｓthｉsisonｅoｆｔheareashｉsｔｅａmwillinvesｔigａｔefurthｅｒ.Itmighｔalsobehardｆｏrairliｎestｏco-ｏｒdinateｔhedｅpａrtｕreｔimｅsaｎｄdestinatioｎsofpassengeｒaircrａftｉnawａytｈatwｏuｌｄallowtｈｅmｔogaｉnｆromformationflｉgｈｔ.Cａrｇoａircraft,inｃontraｓt,miｇｈｔｂｅeasierｔorｅscｈeduｌｅ,aｓmightrouｔinｅmiliｔaｒyflｉghtｓ.Asｉthappens,America’sａｒmeｄforcｅsareｏnthecaseａlｒｅady.Ｅaｒliｅrthiｓyeａrｔhｅcoｕntry’ｓDefencｅAdｖaｎceｄRｅseａrcｈPｒojectsＡｇencyaｎnoｕncedplａｎｓtｏpａｙBoeingｔｏinvesｔiｇateｆormaｔionｆlighｔ,ｔhoughthｅpｒogｒamｍｅhasyeｔtoｂｅgin.Theｒearｅreportsthaｔsomｅmilitａryaircraｆtｆｌewinforｍatiｏnｗｈｅntheywereｌowonｆｕeｌduｒingｔhesｅcondｗｏrｌdwar,butDｒＬissａmanｓaｙstheyａreａpocｒyphal.“ＭｙｆaｔhｅrwasaｎRAFpilotａｎdmyｃousinthｅskipperofａLancasterｌｏstoｖerBerliｎ,”ｈeaｄds.Soｈｅｓhouldｋnow.４１.FinｄingｓoftheStanfoｒdUｎｉversityreseaｒcherｓｗiｌｌproｍｏtetｈｅsalｅsofｎｅwBｏeiｎｇanｄAiｒbｕsａｉｒcrａft.42.Ｔheupwashexperｉencｅmayｓaveｐroｐelｌingenｅrｇyasweｌlasreducingreｓisｔance.４3.Ｆormatiｏnfｌigｈtismorecomｆoｒｔａblebｅcausｅpaｓｓenｇerｓｃannotsｅeｔheotherplａneｓ.４4．Theｒolethatweaｔｈerｐlayｓinformaｔionflighthasnｏtｙｅｔｂeenclｅａｒlyｄefinｅd.４5.IthａsbｅendoｃｕmｅnteｄthａtduriｎｇWｏrｌdWａrＩI，Ameｒicａ’sａrmeｄforceｓonｃetrieｄformａtionflighｔtoｓavefueｌ.4６.Dirｅctions:InthisｓectiｏnｔheｒeisatｅxtｉnEnglish．ＴｒａnslateｉｔiｎｔoＣhinese.WriteyｏuｒtransｌatiｏnonＡNSWＥＲSHEET2.(１5points)“Suａtainabilｉtｙ”hasbecomeapopulaｒｗordtheseｄａys,buttoTedＮinｇ,tｈecｏnceｐｔwillalwaysｈaｖeｐerｓonalmeaning．Hａvingｅnｄuredapainfulpeｒioｄofunsustainabilｉtｙｉnhisownｌifemadｅｉｔcleartohｉmｔｈatsustａinability-orｉentedｖaｌuesmustbｅexpressｅdthｏugｈeｖerｙdayactｉonａndcｈoice。Nｉnｇｒeｃalｌsspendingacｏnfuｓinｇyｅaｒintheｌａte１9９0ｓselｌinｇinsuraｎｃｅ．He’ｄbeenthｏuｇhtｈedot－cｏｍbooｍａndburstand,ｄespｅratｅfoｒajｏb，signedonwiｔhaＢoulｄerａｇency。Itdiｄｉn’tgowｅll．“Itｗａsａrealｌｙhａdmovｅbｅcausｅthat’sｎｏtmypaｓsｉon,”sayｓNing,wｈｏsedilｅmmaabouｔtheｊobtranｓlaｔed，ｐｒedictabｌy,ｉｎtｏalackoｆsaｌeｓ.“Ｉwａｓmiserabｌｅ,IｈadsoｍuｃhaｎｘｉetｙtｈaｔＩwｏuldwaｋeupinthemidｄlｅofthenightａｎdstaｒeatｔｈeceiｌiｎg．Ｉhadｎoｍｏnｅｙａｎdneededtheｊob.Everyoｎeｓａｉd,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthｅｃｏrneｒ,ｇiｖeｉtsometiｍe.’”47.Ｄirｅｃtions:YouｈavｅｊustcoｍｅbaｃkfromthｅU．Ｓ.ａsamemberofaSino－Amｅricanｃuｌturａlexcｈａｎｇeproｇram.WriｔealeｔtｅrｔoｙｏurＡmeｒiｃancolｌeagｕeｔｏ１)Expresｓyourtｈankｓforhis/herｗarmreceptioｎ;2）Welcoｍｅhiｍ/hertｏvｉｓitＣhinaiｎduecourse。Ｙｏushoｕldwriｔｅaｂout1００woｒdｓｏnAＮSWEＲSHEET2.Ｄonｏtｓigｎｙｏｕrownnamｅatｔheenｄoｆtheｌｅtter.Use“ZhangWｅi”insteａｄ。Ｄonoｔwriteyｏｕｒaddrｅss.（10poinｔs)4８.Directiｏnｓ:Inthisseｃｔiｏn,ｙｏｕareasｋｅｄtowｒiteａnessａybasｅdonthefollowｉｎgcharｔ.Inyoｕrwritｉnｇ,ｙoｕshoulｄ1）Ｉntｅrｐrｅｔthechartand2）Giveyｏurcｏmmｅnts。Yｏuｓhoｕldｗriteatleaｓｔ1５0words。WriteyoｕressayｏnonANＳWERSHEEＴ2．（1５points)Inthisｃhａrt,ｗecanseｅtheｍｏbileｐｈonesubscripｔｉｏｎｓindｅvelｏｐeｄcountrｉｅｓhaｖeastｅadyaｎdｓlightiｎcrｅasefroｍ1９90ｔo2023andthｅｎｒemａiｎconsｔaｎtｉｎ202３．Meaｎwｈiｌeｔhemoｂiｌephonesubｓcrｉptionsinｄｅvelｏｐingcountｒｉｅshaｖewitnessedasloｗincｒｅasefrom1９９0tｏ2０２3andtｈenagｒeatｓurgeｆrｏm2023to２0２37:thｅｂiggeｓtsurｇeｈappeｎsfrｏｍ202３to2023.Thiscｈａｒtreflｅctsdiffｅrenｔｄeｖeloｐingmｏdｅsoｆmobileｐｈoneindustｒyｉnｄｅvｅlopｅdａnddevｅlopiｎｇｃountｒies.Thedevｅｌoｐeｄcoｕnｔｒｉesｈavｅalｉmitｅdnumberｏfpｏpｕｌatｉons,mostｏｆwhomarｅwｅlｌ－edｕcated.Theｒeforｅ，ｔｈｅsｐreａdingofthｅｍoｂｉｌephｏnｅsｅrｖiｃｅiseｆficienｔandsoonthｅmａrkeｔｉｓsatｕrａtｅd.Ａlsoaｔｔhebeginninｇｔhedevｅlopedcouｎtrieｓhａvemorepｅｏplewｈocaｎaffordthisｓｅrvicｅ.Thedeveloｐinｇｃoｕntｒｉeshavealar