2023年考研英语真题及答案精选

202３年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案ＳeｃｔionILｉｓteｎingCoｍpreｈensiｏn

Ｄirectiｏnｓ:

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Dirｅcｔionｓ:

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TｒanｓfertoBaｒnarｄＵnivｅrsity（Ｙeaｒ)1920

MajoratUniversiｔy1ﻫFiｎalDegｒｅｅPhD

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Ｄeaｔｈ(Agｅ）7７

ＰartBDireｃtionｓ:ﻫﻫForqｕｅstioｎs6-１0，yｏｕwｉllhｅarａtaｌkｂyawell-ｋnowｎU.S.ｊourｎalist．Whiｌｅyouｌisten，compleｔｅｔheｓentｅncesoｒanswertｈequｅｓtｉons.Usenｏtmoｒｅｔhan3wordsforeacｈanｓweｒ.Ｙoｕwillｈeaｒtherｅcｏrｄｉngtwicｅ.Yｏuｎowhave25secoｎdstｏreaｄｔhesentenｃesanｄquestionsbeｌow．(5ｐointｓ）Besidｅsrｅpｏｒtｅrs,whoelsewerecaｍpedoutfｏｒdａysoutsｉde６thespeaker'sｈomｅ？Oｎeｒeｐorteｒｇottothespeaker'ｓaparｔｍentprｅtendiｎｇｔopａｙ7Tｈesｐeakerbeliｅvedtheｒepoｒterｗａntｅdapictureofhｅrｌｏｏkｉnｇ8Ｗhereｉsacoｒｒectionｔoafalsestorｙuｓuaｌlyplaced?9Accoｒdingtothesｐｅaker,thｅprｅｓｓwｉlｌlosereaderｓｕnlesstｈe１0ﻫeditorsandthｅnｅｗsdｉreｃtors

ParｔCＤｉrectｉｏns：ﻫ

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［Ａ]Ｈｏwｍuchexerciｓｅtheygeteveryday．

[B]Whａttheyaremｏsｔworrieｄaｂout.

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[A]gｅtenoughentertainment.

［B］ｈaveｍorｅaｃtivｉｔiｅs．

[Ｃ]ｒeceiveｅａrlyeduｃation.

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[Ａ]benoｐｌacefoｒｐlaｙ.ﻫ［B]ｂeｎeaｒaｃｏｍmonarea．

［C]havenｏTVsets．

［D]haveacoｍputｅrfoｒsｔuｄy.Quｅstionｓ１4-1６arｅbaseｄｏnｔhefolloｗｉｎgｔalkaboｕtｈowｔosaveｍoｎey.Ｙouｎowhａve１5secondstoreadQｕestions1４-16.ﻫ14.Accoｒdingtothespeaｋer，whaｔshouｌｄonepａyｓｐecｉalaｔtentｉontｏifheｗａntsｔｏsaveup?

[A]Familydｅbｔｓ.

[B]Baｎksａvingｓ．

[C]Monthｌyｂｉlls．ﻫ[D]Sｐendｉnｇhabiｔs.１５.Howmuchcanapersoｎsaｖeｂyretiｒemｅntiｆhｅgiｖesuphispack-a-daｙhａbit?ﻫ[A]＄190，0０0.ﻫ[B]$330,０00.ﻫ［Ｃ]$50０,０00.

［D]$1,00０,０00.16.Whatshouｌdonedobeｆｏｒeｐayinｇmoｎthlｙbｉllｓ,ifhewantstoacｃｕmｕｌateｗeａlｔｈ?

[Ａ］Ｉｎｖｅｓtｉｎtoaｍuｔuａｌfund．ﻫ[B]Ｕsethｅdｉscountｔickets.

［C]Qｕiｔhiseaｔing-oｕthａbit.ﻫ[Ｄ］Useonlyｐapeｒｂｉllsandsaｖeｃoｉns.ﻫQｕｅstiｏnｓ1７-2０areｂaseｄonａnｉｎterｖｉeｗｗｉｔhHerbeｒtA.Glｉeｂｅrman，ｄomｅstic-relａtionslawyer.Youｎｏwhave20secoｎdstoreadQueｓtionｓ1７-20．ﻫ１7.Whicｈwordbｅstdesｃriｂｅsｔhelawｙer'ｓprediｃｔioｎｏfｔhｅchanｇｅindivｏrceｒatｅ？ﻫ［A]Ｆａlｌ.ﻫ[B]Riｓe.

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[B]Toａdapttothedisintegraｔedfamilｙlife.ﻫ［C］Toｒeｔｕｒntｏthepｒacｔiｃｅiｎthe'60sand'７0ｓ.

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［C]enjoｙedaｈappｉerlｉｆｅ．

[Ｄ]taｓtｅdlｉttlebittｅｒnessofdｉsgracｅ.ﻫＹounoｗｈａvｅ5minｕtestotｒａｎsｆeralｌｙouransｗerｓfrｏmyｏuｒtestｂoｏklｅttoANSWEＲSＨEＥT１．

ﻫ全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(二）ﻫ

ＮatiｏnalＥntraｎceTｅｓtＯfEnｇｌishｆorMA／MSCａnｄidａtｅs

（2023)

考生注意事项

1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则，得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。ﻫ２.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题(一）、试题(二）。ﻫ3.本试题为试题（二),共１1页（5-１5页），具有英语知识运用、阅读理解、写作三个部分。英语知识运用、阅读理解Ａ节的答案必须用2B铅笔按规定直接填涂在答题卡1上,如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。阅读理解B节和写作部分必须用蓝（黑）圆珠笔在答题卡2上答题，注意笔迹清楚。

4.考试结束后,考生应将答题卡１、答题卡2一并装入原试卷袋中,将试题(一)、试题(二)交给监考人员。SeｃtiｏｎＩIUseofＥnglishﻫDireｃtionｓ:ﻫReａdthefoｌloｗiｎgｔext.Chooseｔhｅｂｅsｔword(s)fｏrｅａｃhｎumberedblaｎkaｎｄmarkＡ,Ｂ,CorＤｏnANSWEＲSHEET1.(10ｐoints)

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Ifｙｏuintｅnｄｕsinghｕmorinyourtalktomakepｅoｐｌeｓmiｌe,ｙｏｕｍｕsｔｋnowhowｔoiｄenｔifysｈaredexperieｎcｅsandprｏｂleｍｓ.Yourhuｍormｕsｔbeｒeｌevaｎttotheauｄiencｅａnｄshoｕldhelpｔoshoｗthemtｈaｔｙouａrｅonｅoｆtｈeｍorthaｔyouuｎderstandthｅirsituationandaｒｅｉｎsyｍｐａthywiｔhｔｈｅｉrpｏintoｆview.Depenｄｉnｇonwhｏmyouareaddressing,tｈeprｏblemswillbedifｆｅrent.Iｆyｏuaｒｅtalｋingｔoagｒouｐofmａnagers,youmayreferｔothediｓoｒgａｎizedmetｈｏdｓｏftheirsecｒetａriｅs;aｌteｒnaｔiveｌyifｙｏuaｒeaddresｓiｎgseｃrｅtａｒiｅs，youmaｙwａnｔtｏcｏmmｅntontheirｄisorganizｅdｂｏsses．Hereisanexａmple,wｈicｈIheardatａnurses＇coｎvenｔion，ｏfaｓtorywｈicｈworkswellｂeｃausetｈeaｕdiｅnｃeａlｌｓharｅdｔhesａｍevieｗofdｏcｔoｒs.AmａnarrivｅｓｉnhｅａvenａndisbeingshoｗnarｏuｎｄbｙSｔ．Peter.Hesｅesｗonderfulａccommodatioｎs，ｂeaｕｔifulgaｒdｅns,sｕnnｙwｅathｅr,andsooｎ．Ｅｖeryoneisｖerｙpｅaceｆul,pｏliteandfｒｉendlyuｎtｉl,waitinginａlｉnｅｆorlunch，thenewａrｒivａlissuddenlyｐusｈｅｄasidebyamａninawhitecoat,wｈoruｓhｅstｏtheheadｏｆtheliｎe，grabshisｆoｏdaｎdｓtｏmpsovertoａtableｂyhimself.＂Whoisthａt？"tｈeｎｅwarｒivalａｓkedSt.Petｅr."Oｈ,that＇sGod,"caｍethereplｙ,"butsoｍｅtｉmeshｅthｉｎkｓhe'sａｄocｔor."Ifｙouarｅpartofthegroｕpwｈichｙｏuarｅａｄdrｅssｉng，yoｕwillbeinapositiontｏknowｔｈｅｅxperｉｅncｅｓaｎｄｐrｏｂlemswhｉchaｒｅｃｏmｍontｏaｌｌofｙｏuaｎdｉt'lｌｂeappropriaｔeforyoutoｍakeapaｓｓiｎgremarkaboutｔｈeinediblecａnteeｎfoodｏrｔhechａirmaｎ'sｎoｔoｒｉousbadtａｓｔeinties.Withoｔherａｕｄiencesyｏuｍuｓｔn'ｔatteｍpｔtocutinwiｔhhumｏrastheyｗillｒesentａnoｕtsidｅrmakiｎgｄisｐａragingremaｒｋsａbouｔthｅｉrcａnｔeeｎorｔheirchairｍan.ＹoｕwiｌlbeonsａfｅrｇroundifyouｓtickｔｏscapeｇoatsliketｈｅPostOｆfiｃeortheteｌepｈoｎesysteｍ．Iｆyoｕfeelaｗkwａrｄbeiｎghｕｍoｒous,yoｕｍuｓtｐracｔiｃeｓｏtｈａtiｔbｅcomesｍｏreｎａtuｒal.Includｅａｆeｗcａsuaｌａndaｐparentｌyｏfｆ-the-cuffｒemarkｓwhiｃｈyoｕcandeliverｉnarelaｘeｄandunｆorceｄmaｎner.Oftenｉｔ'ｓtｈedelｉveｒｙｗｈichcaｕｓesｔheａudieｎcｅｔosmilｅ，soｓpeａksloｗlｙａndremｅｍbｅrthａｔaraｉsedｅｙebroｗｏraｎｕnｂelｉｅviｎglookmａyhelｐｔoｓhowthaｔｙouaremａｋingaligｈt－heａrｔｅｄｒemark.Looｋｆｏrthｅｈumor.Iｔoftencomesｆroｍthｅuｎexｐｅcted.Ａtwｉstoｎafamiliaｒｑuote"Ifaｔfirstyouｄｏn'ｔsuｃceeｄ,givｅuｐ"oraplayonｗordｓorｏnasituatｉon.Ｓｅaｒｃｈforexaggerationaｎｄunderstatｅmeｎts.Ｌookaｔyourｔalkaｎdpiｃkｏutafewwordsorseｎtenｃeswhichｙｏucanｔurnaboｕｔaｎｄｉｎjectwithhｕmor.41.Ｔomａkeｙoｕrhｕmorｗｏｒk,youshoｕｌd

[A］tａｋeａdｖantａgeofdiffｅrｅntkｉｎｄsofaｕdienｃe．ﻫ[Ｂ］ｍakｅｆｕnoftｈedｉｓoｒganiｚeｄｐｅople.ﻫ[C］aｄdrｅssdiffeｒenｔpｒoblｅmｓｔｏdifｆerentｐeｏple.

［D]shoｗsｙmpathyforyourｌisｔeners．42.Ｔhｅjokeabｏutdocｔｏｒsimpｌｉｅｓthat,intｈeeyesofnｕrsｅｓ,theyarｅ

［A]impoｌitｅｔoｎewａrrivaｌs．ﻫ[Ｂ］vｅrｙcoｎsciousoftheiｒgodｌiｋerole.ﻫ[C]entｉtledｔosomeprivileｇes．ﻫ［Ｄ]vｅrybusyevendｕriｎglunchhours.43．Iｔcanbｅｉnfｅrｒedfromthｅtextthatpublicservｉceｓ

[A]havebｅnefｉtedｍａnｙpeoplｅ.

[B］aretheｆocｕsofpublicaｔｔention.

[C]areaninａpproｐｒiatesｕｂjectfoｒhumoｒ．ﻫ［D]hａveoftenbeｅnthｅlａugｈingstock.４4.Toaｃhｉevethedｅsｉredresult,humoroｕsstorｉesshｏuｌdbedelｉvｅred

[A]inwｅlｌ－wordedｌａｎgｕagｅ.

[B]ａsaｗｋｗardlyaspossiblｅ.ﻫ［C]iｎexagｇｅｒatedstatemｅnｔs.ﻫ[D]asｃａsuaｌｌyasｐｏｓｓｉble.４5.Theｂestｔｉtleforｔｈeteｘtmaybeﻫ[A]UｓeHuｍorEｆfｅｃtivｅly．

[B]VarioｕｓKｉndsofHuｍor．

［C]AｄdＨｕｍortoＳpeeｃh.

[D]ＤｉｆｆerentHumｏrStrａtｅgｉｅs.Teｘｔ２ﻫ

Sincethｅdawnofhumaningenuity,ｐｅoplehaｖedevisedevermorecｕｎninｇtoｏlstoｃoｐｅwｉthwｏrkｔhatｉsdaｎgerouｓ,borinｇ,bｕrdensｏme，orjustplainnasty.Thaｔｃompｕlsionhasresｕlｔedinrobｏｔics－－thescienceｏfcoｎｆerｒiｎgvａrioushuｍaｎｃａｐaｂilitｉesonmacｈines.Andiｆsｃiｅntiｓtshaveｙｅｔtocｒeatethemｅchａnicalｖｅrｓｉonofsciｅncｅfictioｎ,theyhavebｅgｕｎtocｏmｅclose.

ﻫ

Asareｓulｔ,tｈｅｍodeｒnworｌdisｉｎcreasinｇlypopulａtedｂyintｅｌｌigeｎtgｉzmoswhoseprｅseｎcｅwebａrelｙｎotiｃebuｔｗhoseｕｎiｖeｒsａlexｉstencehasremｏvedmuchｈumanlaboｒ.Ourｆactｏｒieshｕmｔotｈｅｒhytｈmofroｂｏｔassemｂlyarms.Ｏｕrbａnｋingiｓdoneａtａｕｔomatｅdtellerterminａlｓtｈaｔthａnkuswithｍecｈaｎｉcalｐolｉtenessｆorthetransａcｔion.Oursｕbｗaytｒaｉnsarecoｎtrｏlledbｙtireleｓsｒｏbo-drivｅrs．Aｎdtｈankｓｔothｅconｔｉnuａlｍiｎiａturｉzａｔionｏｆelecｔroｎicsaｎdmicrｏ-meｃhanics,thereａrealrｅａdyroboｔｓｙstｅmsthatcanpeｒformsomeｋiｎdsofbrainａndbonesurgｅryｗithsuｂmilliｍｅtｅraccｕrａcy--fargreatｅrprｅcisionthanｈｉghlyskｉlleｄpｈysiciaｎｓcanａchｉｅvewiｔhthｅirhandsalone.Buｔifｒoｂotsaｒetｏrｅachｔhｅnexｔstageofｌaborsavingｕtility，theyｗillｈavetoｏperａｔｅwｉtｈｌesｓｈumansｕpｅrvisｉｏnaｎdbeaｂleｔomakeatleａsｔａfeｗｄecisｉｏｎsforthｅmselveｓ--gｏalsthａtposｅaｒｅａｌchallｅnge．"Ｗhileweｋnoｗhowtoteｌｌaｒobottohａndleaspｅcificerror，"saysDaveＬaｖeｒy，manageｒｏfａroｂoticsｐｒogramatNAＳA,"weｃan'tyetgivｅａｒobotenough'coｍｍonsense'ｔoｒｅｌiablyｉnteraｃｔｗｉthaｄynaｍicwｏrld．＂Indeｅdthｅqｕestfoｒtｒuｅａrtｉfｉcｉalintｅlligenceｈaspｒｏducedverymixｅdｒｅsuｌts.Despiteaspelｌofiniｔialoptimiｓｍinthe1960sanｄ19７0swheｎitappeaｒｅdthａｔtｒansistorcirｃuitｓandmｉcroproｃessorｓｍighｔbeaｂlｅtocｏpyｔheactioｎofthehumａｎｂrainbytheyｅar202３,resｅａｒchersｌatelyhavebeｇuntoeｘtenｄthaｔforecaｓｔbydeｃaｄesifnotｃeｎturiｅs.Ｗhatｔheｙｆoｕｎd,iｎａｔtemptｉnｇtomodeｌthoｕght,ｉsｔhatthehｕmanbrain'sroughlyoｎeｈunｄredbillｉoｎnerｖecellsaremuchmｏretalｅnteｄ－andｈumanpeｒceｐｔionｆarmoｒｅcｏmｐｌｉｃateｄ--thanpreviouｓlｙimagiｎed.Theyhａveｂuiｌtrｏbotsthatcanｒecｏgnizｅtheeｒroroｆamachineｐａnｅlbyafrａctｉonoｆamillimetｅrinaconｔrolleｄｆactｏryenｖironment．Bｕtｔhehumaｎmindcaｎglｉmpsearapidlychangiｎｇｓceｎeandｉmmｅdiatｅlydisｒegarｄｔhe98peｒｃentthatｉsirrelｅvaｎt,inｓtantaｎeouslyfocｕsｉngoｎthｅmonｋｅｙａttｈｅsｉｄｅofaｗｉｎdｉngforｅstrｏaｄｏｒthesingleｓuspicioｕsfacｅinａbigcｒoｗd．TｈeｍosｔadvａncedcoｍputｅrsystemsoｎEaｒthcan'ｔaｐｐrｏａcｈthatkiｎdｏfaｂilitｙ,andnｅuroscｉeｎtiｓｔｓｓtilldon'ｔｋｎowquｉtehowｗedoit.４６.Hｕmaninｇｅnuitywaｓiｎitiallydemonsｔｒateｄiｎ

［Ａ］theｕseofmacｈinｅｓtｏprｏｄucesciｅｎcefｉｃtｉon.

[B]ｔｈｅwideｕsｅoｆmａchinesinｍanｕfacｔuriｎｇiｎdｕｓtry.

［C]ｔheinvｅｎtｉｏｎoftoolｓfordifｆｉculｔanddａngeｒoｕswoｒk．

[D]ｔｈeeliｔe'scunniｎｇtaｃklｉnｇofdangｅrousａｎdboｒingｗｏｒｋ．４7.Tｈeｗord"gｉzmos"(linｅ1,paragrapｈ2）mｏstｐｒobablymｅansﻫ[A］pｒogramｓ.ﻫ[B］eｘpertｓ.ﻫ［Ｃ]ｄeｖices．

［D]ｃｒeatures.４８.Acｃordiｎgｔoｔｈeteｘt,whaｔisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodｅsiｇnａｒobｏtthatcaｎﻫ[Ａ]ｆuｌfilｌｄelｉcａtｅtａskslikeｐｅrfｏrminｇbrａinsurｇeｒy.ﻫ[B］intｅｒactwithhｕmanbeingsverbaｌly．

[Ｃ］ｈａveａlittlｅcommonｓeｎｓｅ.ﻫ[Ｄ]rｅsｐondindｅpendentlｙｔｏaｃhangｉngworlｄ.49.Besidｅsreduｃｉｎghumanlaboｒ,robotscａnalso

［A］makｅafewdeｃｉsionｓfｏｒｔhemseｌｖｅs.

[B]deａｌwｉthsomeerroｒｓｗiｔｈhuｍaninteｒｖeｎtｉｏｎ.

[C]improｖefactｏｒyｅnvironments．ﻫ[Ｄ]cultivａｔｅhumａnｃreａｔivitｙ.50.Theauthoruｓeｓtheexamｐlｅofamonkeytoargｕethatrobotsａre

[Ａ]eｘpectedtocopyhumａｎbrａiniｎiｎternalsｔrｕcture.ﻫ[Ｂ]ablｅtoperceivｅabnｏrｍalitｉesimmｅdiaｔｅlｙ.

[C]farlesｓaｂleｔhａnhumanbｒaininfoｃｕsiｎgonreleｖantｉｎfｏrmation.ﻫ［Ｄ]beｓtｕsｅｄiｎacontrollｅdｅnvｉｒｏnment.Ｔeｘt3ﻫﻫ

Coulｄthebadｏlｄｄaysofecｏnomiｃdecliｎebeaboｕttoreturn?SｉnceOPEＣaｇreｅdtosupｐly-cutsinＭarch,theｐriceｏfcｒudｅoilｈaｓｊumpeｄｔｏalmoｓt$2６abａrrel,uｐfｒomlessｔhan＄10ｌaｓｔDecｅｍbeｒ.Thisｎear-tｒiｐlingｏｆoiｌpriceｓｃallｓuｐｓｃarymｅmoriｅｓoｆthe197３oｉlshoｃk,whenｐricｅsquaｄｒｕpled,and19７9-80,ｗhｅntｈeyａｌsoａlｍoｓｔtriｐled.Bｏthｐrevｉouｓｓhｏcksｒesultｅdｉnｄouble－digiｔinflaｔｉonａndglobalｅｃonｏmiｃdecline.Ｓｏｗｈeｒｅaｒethｅheaｄlineswarniｎgｏfgloomanｄdoomthistime?TheoilpricewaｓgｉｖｅnanotherpusｈupｔhisweekwｈeｎIraｑｓuspｅnｄｅdoiｌexｐorts．Strenｇtheｎingeconomｉcgroｗth，atthｅsａｍetiｍｅaswｉnｔeｒgripstheｎoｒthernhｅmｉsphere，cｏuldpushtｈeprｉcｅhｉgｈｅrstilｌintheshoｒttｅrm.Yettheｒｅaregoｏdreasｏｎｓｔoexpeｃtｔhｅecｏｎoｍｉccoｎｓｅquenｃesnowｔoｂｅleｓsｓeveｒeｔhａnｉnthe1９70s．Inmoｓtcｏuntrｉesｔhecｏsｔofcrudｅoilnowaccountｓfoｒasmalｌeｒshareｏfｔｈeｐrｉceｏfｐetrolthaｎitdidinthe１９70s.ＩｎEuｒｏpe，tａｘeｓａccｏｕｎtfｏｒuptofour-fifthsofｔｈerｅｔailpricｅ,sｏevｅnquｉｔｅbigchanｇesinthｅpriｃeofcruｄｅhａveamoreｍｕtｅｄeffeｃｔonpｕmｐpricｅstｈanintｈeｐasｔ.Rｉcheconomiesaｒealｓolesｓdependｅntonoilthanｔheyｗere,ａndsolｅsssensiｔｉvｅtｏswingｓintheoｉlprice.Ｅneｒgyconservａtiｏn，asｈifttoｏtheｒfuelｓandadeｃlineintｈeiｍｐortanｃeｏfｈeavy，eneｒｇｙ-ｉnｔenｓiveｉｎｄｕstrｉesｈavereｄucedoｉlｃonｓumption．Sofｔｗare，ｃonsulｔancyandmｏbiletｅlｅphｏnesｕsefarlessoilthaｎｓtｅelorｃarproｄｕctioｎ．ＦoreachdｏllaｒｏｆGDＰ(ｉｎcoｎstantpriｃeｓ）rｉｃｈecｏnomｉesｎｏwuｓeｎeaｒly50%lesｓoiｌtｈａnｉn1973.ＴheOECＤeｓtimatesinitslateｓtEconomiｃOｕtｌookthat,iｆｏilpricesａｖeragｅd$２2abａrrｅｌfｏrａfｕllｙｅaｒ，cｏｍｐarｅdｗith＄13in1９98,ｔhiswouｌｄincｒeasethｅoｉｌｉmportｂｉlｌiｎricheconomieｓbｙonly０.25-0．５%ofＧDP．Ｔhatisｌessthanｏnｅ-quaｒteｒoftｈeinｃｏmｅｌoｓsin1974oｒ1980.Oｎtｈｅｏthｅrhａnd，oｉl-importingｅmerｇingecｏｎomｉｅs--towhichheaｖyindｕｓtryhａssｈiｆtｅｄ-ｈavebeｃoｍｅmoreeneｒgy-intensｉve,aｎｄsocoulｄbemoreｓeriｏusｌysqueeｚｅd.Onｅmorereasonnotｔoloｓesleepｏvertherｉsｅinoilpｒiceｓｉsthat,unliketherｉsesｉntｈｅ１９７0s，ithａsnoｔｏccurredagａiｎstthｅbackgｒｏundofgｅnｅraｌcoｍmｏdｉtｙ-priｃeinｆｌａtionandｇlobaｌexcessｄemand.Aｓizableportioｎofｔheｗorlｄｉsoｎｌyjusteｍeｒgｉnｇfｒomｅcoｎomiｃdeｃliｎｅ.TheEconｏmisｔ'scommoditｙpriceindeｘisbrｏａｄlｙunchangingｆromayearａgo．Iｎ1973commoｄitypriｃeｓjuｍpｅdby70％，ａnｄin1979byaｌmost30％.51.Themａinreasonforthelatｅｓtriseoｆoiｌpｒｉcｅｉs

[A]gｌobａlinflation.ﻫ［B]ｒeducｔioniｎｓupply.

[C］fastgｒowthineconomy.

[D]Irａq'ssｕsｐenｓionofexpｏrts.52．Ｉｔｃａｎｂeinｆerredfｒomtheteｘtthaｔｔhｅrｅｔaiｌpriｃeｏfｐetｒolwiｌlｇoupｄramaｔｉcaｌｌyｉfﻫ[A］priceofcrudｅrｉｓes.ﻫ[B］commｏdｉｔypriｃｅｓrise.ﻫ［C]coｎsumｐtiｏｎrises.ﻫ[Ｄ]ｏiltaxｅsrｉsｅ．５3．TheestimatesiｎＥconｏmicOutloｏｋshowｔｈatiｎｒichcounｔriesﻫ［A］ｈeaｖyindustryｂecomesmｏreenergy-ｉntenｓive.

[Ｂ]incomｅlossmaｉnlｙresuｌtsfroｍfluctuaｔingcｒudeoiｌｐｒｉces．

［C］maｎufactｕriｎginｄustryｈasｂeｅnsｅriouslyｓｑｕeｅzeｄ．

[Ｄ]ｏilpｒicechangeshavｅnoｓignificanｔimｐactonGDＰ.54.Wecanｄraｗaｃoncluｓionfromtheteｘtthaｔﻫ［A］oｉｌ-pｒiceshocksaｒelesｓshocｋingnｏw.ﻫ[B]inｆlaｔiｏｎsｅｅmsirrｅlevaｎttooｉl－prｉceshocks.ﻫ［C]ｅnergyｃonserｖａtiｏncankeepdowntheoilｐricｅs.

[D]thｅpriceｒｉseoｆcrudｅlｅaｄstotｈesｈｒinｋingｏfhｅavyindｕstｒｙ.５5.Fromｔhｅｔextｗecａnsｅｅthatthewriterｓeeｍsﻫ[A]ｏptiｍiｓtic.ﻫ[B]ｓｅnsitive.ﻫ[C]glooｍy．ﻫ［D］ｓｃareｄ.Text4

TheＳupremｅCourt'sdｅcisionsonｐhyｓiｃiａn-asｓistedsuｉcidecanrrｙimporｔantiｍplｉcaｔiｏnsforhｏwｍｅdiｃiｎｅｓeｅｋstorelieｖedyingｐatientｓofｐaiｎａndsｕffering.Alｔhougｈitruledｔhａtthｅreisnｏｃoｎstｉtutiｏnａlｒｉghtｔｏｐhyｓiｃｉａｎ-aｓsisｔｅdsuicidｅ，ｔhｅCoｕrtineffｅcｔsuｐportedthemeｄicalｐrincipｌｅof＂dｏｕbｌeｅffｅct，＂acentuｒies-oｌdmoraｌｐｒｉｎｃiplｅholdｉｎgthaｔanａctｉｏnhavingtwoeffｅｃts-－agｏoｄoｎeｔｈatiｓinｔenｄedａndaharmｆｕｌonethａtisｆoreｓeｅｎ--ｉｓpeｒmｉsｓibleiｆｔhｅactorintendsoｎlythｅgｏoｄeffect.Dｏctoｒshaveusedｔhatｐrｉncｉｐleｉｎreceｎtｙearstoｊustifｙｕsｉｎgｈigｈｄoseｓｏfmorｐhｉnetｏｃｏnｔroltｅｒminallyillｐatients'ｐain,eventｈoughｉncｒeaｓingdｏsａgeswillｅｖentuaｌlｙkillｔhepatiｅnt.NancyDublｅr,diｒectorofＭontefioreＭｅｄicaｌCｅntｅｒ，conｔendsｔhatｔｈeprｉｎｃiｐlewiｌlｓhiｅlddoｃtorswhｏ"uｎtiｌnoｗhavｅvｅry,ｖeｒyｓtronglyｉｎsistedthattｈｅyｃｏｕlｄnotgｉveｐatieｎtssufｆiｃientｍediａｔｉontoconｔrｏｌthｅirpａiniftｈatmｉghthastendeatｈ.＂ＧeoｒgｅAnnas,chaiｒoｆｔhｅhｅaｌthlawdeｐaｒtｍｅｎtatBｏstonＵnivｅrsity,maintainstｈaｔ,aslonｇasａｄoctｏrpｒescrｉbesadruｇforａleｇitｉmaｔemedｉcalpurpose,thedoctorhaｓdonenothingillegaleｖｅniftheｐatientuｓestｈedrugtｏhastendeath．"It＇slｉkeｓuｒgery，"hesays."Wedｏn＇tcallthｏsedeaｔhshｏmicｉdesbecausｅthedoctorｓｄidn'tintｅndtokillｔheirpａｔienｔs,althｏughtheyｒｉskedtheirdeatｈ．Ｉfyoｕ'ｒeapｈyｓiciaｎ,yｏｕcanriskyourｐａtｉeｎｔ'ssuｉcideaｓｌoｎｇasｙoudｏn'tintendtheirsuｉｃidｅ."Onanotherleｖel,ｍanyｉntheｍedicａlcｏmmunityaｃｋnｏｗledgethａttheasｓisted-suicｉdｅｄeｂatｅhasbeenｆueledinpartbytheｄｅｓpairoｆpatｉentｓforwhｏｍmodemmeｄicinehaｓｐｒolonｇｅdthepｈｙｓicａｌagｏnyofdying.JuｓｔthrｅeｗeeksbefoｒetｈeＣoｕrt＇ｓrｕlingonphysiｃiaｎ-aｓsｉstedsuｉcidｅ,theＮatiｏnaｌAｃaｄeｍｙofScieｎce（ＮAＳ)releaｓeｄatwo-ｖoｌumｅreｐort,ＡpproacｈingDeａth：IｍprovingCａreａttheEndoｆLｉｆe.Itidｅntiｆiｅｓtheunｄertrｅａｔmeｎtｏfpainａndtheaggｒessiｖｅusｅof＂inｅffectualaｎdｆorceｄmeｄicalｐroceｄuresthatmayprolongandeveｎｄｉshonｏrthｅperiｏｄofdying"astheｔｗinpｒｏbleｍｓoｆeｎｄ-ｏｆ-ｌifecａre.Ｔheｐrｏfessioｎistakingsｔeｐsｔｏrequireｙoｕｎgｄocｔorstoｔｒaininhospiｃeｓ，totestknowlｅdgeｏfａggrｅsｓivepaｉｎmaｎａgemenｔtherａpieｓ,ｔodｅvelopａＭedicarebillingcoｄeforhoｓｐital-basedcａrｅ,andtｏｄevｅｌopnewstanｄａrdsｆorasｓessingandｔrｅａtｉngpaｉｎａttheendｏflife.Aｎnａssayslａwyerscａnplayakeｙrｏleininｓiｓｔingthatthesｅweｌl-meａningmｅdicａｌinｉｔiａtivestｒanslａteinｔｏbettｅrcａre."Ｌargenumbｅrsoｆphyｓicianｓｓeemｕnｃｏncerｎedwiththepａｉntｈeirｐatienｔｓaｒeneｅdｌesｓlyａnｄｐreｄｉctａｂlｙｓｕｆｆeｒinｇ,"ｔotheexｔentthatｉtｃonｓtｉtutes"systematiｃpａtienｔabuｓe．＂Hｅsａyｓmedicalliceｎｓingbｏaｒｄｓ"musｔmakeiｔclｅａｒ..．ｔhａtpainfuｌdeathsarepreｓumptiｖelｙonesthaｔareincoｍpetentlymaｎaｇｅｄaｎｄshouldｒesultｉｎlicｅnsｅsuspensｉｏn.＂５6．Frｏmｔhｅfｉrstｔhreepａｒａgrａphs,ｗｅlearｎｔhaｔ

[A]doｃtoｒｓｕsｅdtoinｃｒｅasedruｇｄｏsagesｔocoｎtrolｔheirpａtiｅnｔs'pａin.

[B]ｉtｉｓstｉllillegaｌfｏrdoｃtoｒstohelｐtheｄyｉngｅndｔheｉrlives.ﻫ[C]theSupｒｅmeＣouｒtsｔronglyoppoｓesphysiｃｉａn－assiｓteｄsuicｉｄe.

［D］patieｎtshａvenoｃonstｉｔｕｔiｏnalrighttoｃｏmmitsuicide.５7.Whｉcｈofthｅfollｏwingstatemeｎｔsｉstruｅaｃcorｄingtｏtheｔｅxt?ﻫ［A]Doｃtｏｒswillｂeheldｇuiltyiｆtｈeyriskthｅirpａtieｎts'ｄeａｔｈ．ﻫ[B］Ｍoｄernmeｄicｉｎehａsaｓｓiｓｔedterｍinａllyillpａtieｎtsinpainlessrecoveｒy.

[C]ＴheCouｒtruleｄthathｉgh-dosagepain-relievinｇmｅdicａtｉｏncanｂeprescrｉbeｄ．

[D]Aｄocｔoｒ'smediｃａｔionisnｏloｎgerｊustiｆiｅｄｂｙhisinteｎtiｏns．58.AccｏｒdingtotｈeNＡS'sｒepoｒt，oｎeoftheprｏblemsiｎｅnd－of-lifｅcarｅiｓ

[Ａ]prolongedmｅdｉｃaｌproｃeduｒｅs.

[B]inadｅquaｔetreatmentｏfpain.

[Ｃ］sｙｓｔｅmaticｄrugaｂuse．ﻫ[Ｄ]inｓuｆｆicｉenｔhospｉtaｌcare．59.Whicｈoｆthefoｌlowingbeｓtdefinesthｅworｄ"aｇｇrｅsｓiｖe"(linｅ4,paragｒａph７)？

[A]Ｂold．

[B］Harｍful．ﻫ［C]Carｅｌess.

[D］Dｅsperate.６0．ＧeｏrgｅAnnaswｏulｄprｏbａｂlyagreethatdoctorsｓhｏｕldbepuｎｉshediftheyﻫ［A]managetｈeirpatｉeｎtsiｎcompeｔeｎｔly.

[B]gｉｖeｐatientsmorｅｍeｄｉcineｔｈanneｅded.

[Ｃ]reducedmgｄｏsａgeｓforｔhｅiｒｐatientｓ．ﻫ[D]prｏlｏngtheneedlｅsssｕfｆerｉngｏfｔhepatients.PartBﻫﻫDｉｒｅcｔions:

RｅadthｅｆolloｗingtexｔcaｒeｆｕlｌyａndｔｈeｎtraｎslatethｅunｄerlｉneｄsｅgmeｎｔsｉnｔoCｈｉｎesｅ.YourｔranslａtionshouldｂewritｔenｃleａrlyonANSＷERSＨEET2.(１0pｏints)Almostａllourmajoｒprｏｂｌeｍsｉｎvｏlｖeｈumanbehavior,andthｅyｃaｎnotｂesolveｄｂyphysicaｌandｂioｌogiｃａlteｃhnoloｇyalｏne．Ｗｈａtisneededisatechnoｌogyｏｆbehaviｏr,buｔwｅｈａvｅｂeenslｏwtｏdevelｏｐthesciencefｒoｍwhichsuｃhａtｅｃhｎolｏgymightbedrａｗｎ．６1）Oｎeｄｉｆｆicultyisthaｔalmｏｓtallofwｈatiscalledbehaｖｉoｒalscｉencecontinuestotracebehavioｒtostａtesｏfminｄ,fｅelinｇs,tｒaｉｔsofｃhaｒacter，huｍannatｕｒe,andsoon.Ｐｈysｉcｓａndbｉolｏgyoncefoｌlowedsiｍｉlａrpｒacticｅsaｎdaｄvancedonlyｗhenｔhｅydｉsｃaｒｄeｄthem.６2)Thebehavioralsciencｅshａveｂｅenｓlowｔｏchangeｐａrtlｙbecａｕsetｈeｅxｐlaｎaｔorｙｉtemsofｔenseemｔobedirｅｃtlｙoｂseｒｖedａｎdｐaｒtｌybeｃauｓeotherｋinｄsｏfexｐlanaｔioｎshavｅｂeenharｄtofind.Ｔheｅnvironmｅｎtisobｖiｏｕslyimｐｏrtant,butitsrolehａsｒemaiｎedｏbscｕre．Itdoeｓnotｐushorpuｌｌ,itsｅlects,anｄtｈisｆunctｉonｉsｄifｆiｃulｔｔodiscoverａnｄaｎalyｚe.63)Theroleofnatuｒａlｓelectioniｎevoｌutionwasformｕlaｔedoｎlｙalｉ