2012-2021北京高一（上）期末英语汇编：科教类阅读

22/222012-2021北京高一（上）期末英语汇编科教类阅读一．阅读理解（共14小题）1．（2018北京•丰台高一期末）FishyWeatherConditionsLajamanu，Australia，isadrylittletownHowdocloudsmakefishy．Thesimpleansweristhattheydon't．Thereisaparticularweatherphenomenon（现象）calledawaterspout．Awaterspoutisjustlikeatornado，onlyitformsaboveoceans，orrivers．Likeatornado，awaterspoutmovesinacircleathighspeeds．Whenitmovesabovethewater，aswellasfrogsorothersmallplantsoranimals．Scientistscouldn'tworkitoutatfirst．Tomakemattersstrangerstill，thefishinHonduraswereverymuchalivewhentheyraineddowntotheground，buttheywereallblind．InEnglandandAustralia，andnonewereblind．Itwasdifficulttopuzzleout，buttheblindfishgavethemaplacetostart．Scientistsknewthatsomefishthatlivedindeep，undergroundcaveswithnolightsourcesoftenlosttheireyesight．SowhenblindfishraineddownonHonduras，scientistsbegantoconnectsomedots．ClearlyIthasrainedfishoneverycontinent，andeachtime，peoplehavetriedinvariouswaystoexplainthisstrangephenomenon．Historically，leavingthefishonthecitystreets．Noscientisthadactuallyseentherainasitoccurred，onlythefishleftontheground．Butin1990Thishugebreakthroughwasn'tjustaspotofgoodluck．Itchangedthousandsofyearsofmythsandlegendsintotruestoriesandprovidedscientificexplanationsforhowfishcametoliveindeepcaves．Itexplainedancientcavepaintingsandshednewlightonhowspecieshavespreadovertime．Itturnedouttobealotmorethanjustalittlefishyweather．（1）Accordingtothepassage，awaterspout．A．canmakeanimalsblindB．isdifficulttocatchonfilmC．cancarryitemswithitD．isadangerousseacreature（2）Theblindfishmadethescientistsstarttothinkthat．A．rainingfishwasawarningofnaturaldisastersB．animalschangedtomatchtheirenvironmentsC．theweathersystemdifferedfromplacetoplaceD．thewaterspouttheoryseemedmorepossible（3）FromPara．5and6，wecanlearn．A．howspeciesintheareachangedovertimeB．theimportanceoffindingthetruthbehindtheeventC．thatthediscoveryclearedupmanydifferentscientifictheoriesD．howtheunderstandingofwaterspoutsaffectedotherareasofscience（4）TheunderlinedsentenceinlastPara．probablysuggeststhat．A．waterspoutscametobeacenterofscientificresearchB．thescientistswerefortunatetohavemadetheirdiscoveriesC．hardworkwentintodeterminingthecausefortherainingfishD．thescientistsreliedheavilyonunusualeventstodrivetheirstudies（5）Theauthorwritesthepassageto．A．describethemagicphenomenonB．explainwhatcausedthefishyweatherC．persuadepeopletoprotecttheenvironmentD．encouragepeopletodoscientificresearch2．（2015北京•东城高一期末）FamilytripMostkidshatetoseetheirsummerend，perhapsnonemorethantheMursetchildren．Thissummer，theMursetfamilydecidedtotravelacrossthecountrytohelpfamiliesinneedPeople．comreportedthatGreggMursetandhiswife，Kami，decidedtotaketheirsixchildren，fromtheirhomeinPhoenix，Arizona，"GreggMurset，40，"hesaid，"butwhenwestartedtoreadthestoriesofpeopleweweregoingtohelpThroughGregg'scompany，hewasabletobematchedwithgroupssuchasAutismSpeaks，theLeukemia&LymphomaSociety"Whenyouhaveakidwhoisstruggling，thelastthingyou'rethinkingofiscleaningthehouse，"saysGregg．Thefamilytraveledtomanycitiesintheirjourney，includingAlbuquerque，Denver，Chicago，andBuffalo．Thetripcovered6，"hesaid．"Eventhelittlekidsarelearningfromthisexperience．"Andthefamiliesthey'vehelpedfeelblessedtohavemetthem．"Theyshowedupat8a．m．andwehadalistofthingsweneededhelpwith，"saidJimSpencer，a61﹣year﹣oldfatherinWarren，whose12﹣year﹣olddaughter，Lexi（诊断）withcanceracoupleofyearsago．TheMursetsalsousedtheirtravelsasanopportunitytovisitareastheyhadneverbeento，includingtheStatueofLiberty．ButforGregg，themainpurposeofthetripwastoteachhischildrentoshowconcernforthehappinessofotherpeopleratherthanforthemselves．"Thereisnothingwrongwithyourkidgettingoffthesofa，doingsomeworkandsweating，"saidGregg．"It'sgoodforthekidandit'sgoodforthesoul．"45．HowdidthekidsfeelwhenGreggMursetfirsttoldthefamilyabouthisplan？A．Amazed．B．Excited．C．Disappointed．D．Worried．46．Whatdidthefamilymainlydoduringtheirtrip？A．Theytouredplacesofinterest．B．Theyvisitedpatientsinhospital．C．Theyworkedwithsocialgroups．D．Theyhelpedfamiliesinneedofhelp．47．Duringthetrip，Greggmostwantedhiskidsto．A．increasephysicalexerciseB．gainmoregeographyknowledgeC．learntobeconcernedaboutothersD．improvetheircommunicationskills．3．（2012北京•东城高一期末）Inhighschool，GeorgeLucasdidn'tdomuchworkbecausehespentallhistimedreamingaboutracingcars．Justafewdaysbeforegraduation，GeorgewasdrivinghomefromthelibraryinhisFiat；hepreparedforaleftturnbylookingintheminor．Butashestartedtheturn，ablowinghorn（喇叭），andthespeedingChevyhitthedriversideofhiscar．ThelittleFiatturnedoverfourorfivetimesbeforeitwasstoppedbyabigtree．Luckily，buthisrecoverywasslowandheneededmonthsofphysicaltreatment．Hewouldneverbeabletoraceearsnow．TheaccidentreallychangedGeorge'slife．Hedecidedtheremustbesomereasonhesurvived，andmadeuphismindtogethisacttogetherandmakesomethingoutofhislife．Hedecidedtogotouniversityanddevelopedaninterestinreadingandwriting．Hegotonquitewellinhisstudies．Hedidn'tquiteforgetaboutracingcars．Atthattimeinsteadofdrivingracecars，hebeganfilmingthem．YoumayhaveseenoneorallofGeorgeLucas'smostfamousfilmsfromtheStarWarsseriesortheIndianaJonestrilogy．NotonlyhasGeorgeproducedmovies，butalsohehashelpedinventanddevelopnewtechnologiestomodernizethemovieindustry．Today，Lucas，isoneoftheAmericanfilmindustry'smostsuccessfuldirectorsandproducers．50．WhatwasGeorgeLucas'slifelikeinhighschool？A．Hewasthebestraceeardriver．B．Hedidverywellinhisschoolsubjects．C．Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhisstudies．D．Hewasoneoftheworststudentsinschool．51．Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat．A．George'sFiatwasnotseriouslydamagedB．theChevydriverdidn'tbreakthetrafficlawC．GeorgewasseriouslyinjuredintheaccidentD．theChevydriverwasn'tinjuredintheaccident52．ThegreatnessofGeorgeLucasmainlyliesinhis．A．earningagreatdealofmoneyB．directingseveralfamousmoviesC．makingmoviesaboutracingcarsD．makingthefilmindustrymoremodern．4．（2018北京•西城高一期末）Ifyoueverhavethedesiretobreakoutintosongintheshower，inthecar，maybeatyourneighbor'skaraokenight﹣﹣youshouldembraceitwhole﹣heartedly．Thisancientartnotonlymakesyoufeelgood．itcanalsoimproveyourwell﹣being，reduceyourfeelingsofpain，andevenextendyourlife．Usingyourvoicetosing，ratherthansimplycarryoutaconversation，offersuniquebenefitsbecausesingingaffectsourbodies．Also．studieslinksingingwithalowerheartratedecreasedbloodpressureandreducedstressaccordingtoPatriciaPreston﹣RobertsSinging，particularlyinagroup，seemstobenefittheelderlyparticularlywell．Aspartofathree﹣yearstudyexamininghowsingingaffectsthehealthofthosefifty﹣fiveandolder，D．C．Theseniorsinvolvedinthechorus，aswellasseniorsintwoseparateartsgroupsaboutwritingandpaintingshowedsignificanthealthimprovementscomparedtothoseinthecontrolgroups（控制组），theartsgroupsreportedthirtyfewerdoctors'visits，fewereyesightproblems，andlessneedformedication．EvenleadresearcherDr．geneD．CohendirectoroftheCenteronagingatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity，wassurprisedathowbiganeffecttheseniors'artsparticipationhadontheirhealth．Cohensaid，TheaverageageofallthesubjectswaseightyThisishigherthanlifeexpectancy．So，onewouldordinarilyexpecttoseelessdecline（下降）comparedtothecontrolgroupThefactthattherewassomuchimprovementinmanyareaswasthesurprisingfactor．Theseniorsalsonoticedhealthimprovementsandtheyreportedfeelingbetterbothindailylifeandwhilesinging．Thepartofthebrainthatworkswithspeechisdifferentfromthepartthatprocessesmusic．"Peopleseemtoenjoydoingsomethingjointlywithotherpeople．Therearealotoffactsthatbeingsociallyinvolvedisgoodforpeoplewithdementia（老年痴呆）．"Ballardsaid．Theartsareshowingupasatreatmenttoolinhospitalsacrossthecountry．Ifyouarethinkingofvolunteering，singingatahospitalmaybeagoodchoice﹣notonlyforthepatients，butalsoforyourself．（1）Inthefirstparagraphtheauthor．A．expressesadesireforsingingB．offerssomeadviceonsingingC．putsforwardhispointofviewD．statestheimportanceofhealth（2）WhywasCohensurprisedattheresultsofthestudy？A．Thestudywasnotexpensiveasexpected．B．Artsactedasatreatmenttoolinhospitals．C．Peopleshealthintheartsgroupimprovedgreatly．D．Theseniorsthemselvesnoticedhealthimprovements．（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsarts？A．Doubtful．B．Positive．C．Negative．D．Worried．（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？A．HowtoavoidgettingdementiaB．HowSeniorsliveahealthylifeC．HowtoKeepOurBrainsHealthyD．HowSingingImprovesYourHealth5．（2021北京•怀柔高一期末）Eachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreetsasmillionsofnewcarsandtrucksareproduced.OneoutofeverysixAmericansworksatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars，drivingtrucks，buildingroadsorfillingcarsandtruckswithgas.Americanswon'tlivewithoutcars!MostAmericanswouldfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldlooklikewithoutcars.However，somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemsoftheairpollutionthatiscausedbythecar.Thepollutedairbecomespoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.That'swhatseveralofthelargecarfactorieshavebeentryingtodo.Buttobuildacleancariseasiersaidthandone.Progressinthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.Inventorsarenowworkingonsteamcarsaswellaselectriccars.Manymakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars，we'llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.Americans，forexampleButthischangedoesnotcomeeasily.Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.Thustheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife，theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.（1）Howmanywaystogetridofairpollutionaresuggestedinthisarticle？A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.（2）Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown，themostseriousproblemtoAmericanworkersis.A.tohavenoworktodoB.tokeeptheaircleanC.togetabetterlifeD.togotoworkbybike（3）Whatistheconclusion（结论）ofthewriter？A.Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B.Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C.Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D.Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.6．（2016北京•石景山高一期末）Bottledwaterhasbecomethechoiceforpeople．Bottledwaterisallovertheworld．Butsomesaytheplanet'shealth，andpeople'shealthmaybesufferingfromit．Theideathatbottledwaterissaferforhumansmaynotbetrue．TheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncilofAmericasaid，"Thereisnopromisethatbecausewatercomesoutofabottle，itiscleanerorsaferthanwaterfromthetap．"AnotherNewYorkCity﹣basedActionGroupaddedthatsomebottledwateris"reallyjusttapwaterinabottle﹣sometimesmorecleanItisnotproventhatbottledwaterisbetterthantapwater．NickReevesfromtheCharteredInstitutionofWaterandEnvironmentalManagementsaid，"Thehighmineralcontentofsomebottledwatermakesthemnotgoodforfeedingbabiesandyoungchildren．"Also，mostbottledwaterdoesn'thavefluoride（氟化物），andsomesaythat'sbehindtherecentriseinbadteeth．Storingisanotherproblem．Placednearheat，theplasticbottlescanproducebadchemicalsintothewater．AccordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency，some2.7milliontonsofplasticisusedworldwidetobottlewatereachyear．Theplasticcantakebetween400and1，000yearstobreakdown．Intermsofenergyuse，plasticbottlesarealsonotcheap．Onereportsaidthatifwaterandsoftdrinkbottlershadused10percentrecycledmaterialsintheirplasticbottles，theywouldhavesavedabout72milliongallonsofgas．So，ifyouareworriedabouttheeffectofbottledwaterontheEarth，youcantakethefollowingsteps．●Drinkfromyourtap．Unlessyourgovernmentwarnsagainstthis，itshouldbefine．●Getacontainer（容器）．Carryyourtapwaterinasteeloralineddrinkingcontainer，andcleanitbetweenuses．●Keepitcool．Don'tdrinkfromabottlethathasbeensittinginthesun，don'tstoreitnearchemicals，anddon'treuseplasticbottles．●Chooseglasscontainersoverplasticifpossible．Whenfinished，recycle!（1）Whatisthemainideaofthearticle？A．Drinkingtapwateristheonlychoiceforpeople．B．Glasscontainersarebetterthanplasticbottles．C．Bottledwatermaynotbeasgoodaswethink．D．Plasticbottlesareharmfultotheenvironment．（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutplasticbottlesfromthearticle？A．Theybreakdowninlessthan300years．B．Theycanbeusedformanyotherthings．C．Theyarearisktotheenvironment．D．Theyarecheaptomake．（3）Accordingtothearticle，wecanknowthatbottledwateris．A．noproblemfortheenvironmentB．moreexpensivethantapwaterC．alwayssaferthantapwaterD．betterforbabies（4）WhichofthefollowingabouttapwaterisNOTmentionedinthearticle？A．Therearealotofproblemsstoringtapwater．B．Bottledwatercanbejusttapwaterinabottle．C．Itmaybebetterforyourteeth．D．Itmaycontainfluoride．7．（2021北京•西城高一期末）Ifthereisoneplaceyoudon'twanttostickyourfinger，it'sthemouthofaPacificlingcod.Thesefearsomefishhavearound500needleliketeethstickingoutofjaws（颌）thatarestrongenoughtocrushcrustaceans（甲壳动物）.Howlingcodmaintainthesharpnessoftheirterrifyingteethhaslongbeenapuzzle.Butastudy，publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB，claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.ForalingcodInordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth，Ms.Cohen，acoauthorofthenewstudy（染料）thatcoloredtheirteeth，thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup，whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.Aftercollectingandexaminingatotalof10，000teeth，thescientistswereabletodeterminehowquicklylingcodlostandregrewtheirteethandwhichteethwerereplacedmostoften.Lingcod，likemostfish，havetwosetsofjaws：oraljawsandpharyngealjaws.Theiroraljawsareusedtocatchfoodwhiletheirpharyngealjaws，areusedtochewtheirfoodandmoveitfromtheirmouthstothestomach.Ms.Carr，theleadauthor，wheremostofthechewingandcrushingtakeplace.Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy，saysKoryEvans，afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston."Thedulleralingcod'steethareshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant."Dr.Evanssaid，"Inordertomakeitasalingcod，youneedsharppointyteethandallyourteethneedtobeonpoint."（1）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout？A.Whatroleseawaterplayed.B.Whatconclusionwasreached.C.Howthestudywasconducted.D.Howteethchangedtheircolors.（2）Accordingtothepassage，lingcod'steetharereplaced.A.every10daysB.tobetterhuntforfoodC.fasterintheoraljawD.withbiggerandsharperones（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"shed"inthelastparagraphprobablymean？A.Repair.B.Sharpen.C.Lose.D.Examine.（4）Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage？A.Towarnpeopleofthedangerofafish.B.Tointroducethefindingsofanewstudy.C.Tostresstheimportanceofreplacingteeth.D.Tosuggestnewwaystoconductstudiesonfish.8．（2020北京•西城高一期末）Attheheartofpsychologyisunderstandingbehavior，andunderstandingbehaviorhasmuchtodowithunderstandingthebrain.Neuroscientists（神经系统科学家）havebecomemoreefficientatmappingthebrainandhavegainedmoreunderstandingofhowthebraindevelopsandworks.Truly，aremostlikelyexplainedbythephysicalstateofandchangesinourbrains.Aroundtheageof12，itisbelievedthattheareasofthebrainthatareusedmostwillbestrengthenedandcellsinthebrainthatarenotusedtendtodie.Whatyoudowithyourbraininyourteenyearsprobablydecideshowyourbrainwillworkfortherestofyourlife.IfateenspendsendlesshourswatchingTV，theneuralconnectionsthathelpthebrainprocessTVarewhatwillbestrengthened.Itisclear，thathowyoungpeoplespendtheirtimeisofgreatimportance.Surprisingly，anddifferentfromearlierbeliefs，thebrainisstilldevelopingevenintheearlytwenties.Areasofthebrainthatarerelatedtoemotion，reasoning，andproblemsolvingarestillnotfullydeveloped.Thismaygosomewaytowardexplainingwhycaraccidentratesinyoungpeoplearesignificantlyhigherthanthoseamongolderpeople.Youngpeopledon'thavethenecessaryskillstomakecomplexjudgmentswhiledriving.Therearealsodifferencesinthewaybrainsdevelopwhenitcomestogender.Itappearsthatgirlsarereadytoprocessmorechallenginginformationearlierthanboys，withtheareaofthebrainresponsibleforthisactivitypeakingattheageof14to16inboys，afulltwoyearslaterthangirls.Inaddition，whichmeansthattheyhavemorebrainmatterresponsibleforlanguageskills.Thiskindofresearchraisesimportantquestionsabouthowboysandgirlsshouldbetaughtinschooltomaximize（使最大化）theirlearning.Forexample，theideaofsingle﹣sexeducationshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsideration.Expertssaythatwewoulddowelltorevisitthetimingofthesubjectstaughtinschool，whatweunderstandabouttheteenagebrainshouldperhapsbetakenintoconsiderationwhenlawsarebeingmadewithregardtotheminimum（最低的）drivingage.（1）Accordingtothepassage，youngpeoplearemorelikelytohavecaraccidentsbecause.A.theyfailtorealizetheimportanceofskillsB.theydon'thavethenecessaryskillsindrivingC.certainareasintheirbrainsarenotfullydevelopedD.theirbrainstendtobeinfluencedbytheiremotions（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？A.Earlierbeliefsshowthebrainisstilldevelopingintheearlytwenties.B.Girlsarebetteratlanguagebecausetheyaredevotedtolanguagelearning.C.Howpeoplespendtheirtimewhenthey'reteenagersaffectstheirfuturelife.D.Gendermakesnodifferencewhenitcomestothephysicalstateofthebrain.（3）Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.A.single﹣sexeducationmaybenefitteenagersB.thetimewhenschoolstartsshouldbeputoffC.lawmakerswilllowertheminimumdrivingageD.thenumberofsubjectsinschoolmightbechanged（4）Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.AgeandtheBrainB.GendersandtheBrainC.MappingtheBrainD.TheDevelopingBrain9．（2021北京•怀柔高一期末）Everyyear，1.5millionkidsaroundtheworlddieasaresultofnotgettingvaccines（疫苗）.Thisispartlybecausetransporting（运送）AnurudhGanesan，17，knowsthisfirsthand.WhenhewasababyinIndia，thevaccineswerenolongerusablebecausetheyhadbeenoverheated.Vaccines，Anurudhlaterlearned，mustbekeptcooltostayeffective.Butrefrigerating（冷藏）（电）orice﹣valuablethingsthatmanydevelopingcountrieslack（缺少）.AlthoughAnurudhreceivedthevaccineheneededintheend，hisexperienceasababyandthesadrealitythatsomanyotherchildrenaren'tasluckymotivated（激发）himtotakeaction.ThehighschoolstudentinventedVaxxwagon（轻便的）vaccine﹣carryingdevice（装置）thatproducesitsownpowertokeeplifesavingmedicinescoolasthey'redeliveredtoremoteareasaroundtheworld.AnurudhfirstgothisideaforVaxxwagonin2014.Hereadseveraltextbookstolearneverythinghecouldaboutrefrigeration，andthenhedidresearchonlinetolearnmoreaboutvaccines.Ratherthandependingonelectricityorice，Anurudhworkedoutawaytousewheelstopowerarefrigerationsystemforabouteighthours.Theentirerechargeable（可再充电的），acar，orananimal.Eventually，buttheyofferedhimfundingtohelpbuildit.Anurudhwasrewardedwiththe2015GoogleScienceFairLEGOEducationBuilderAwardforhisinvention.AnurudhsayshisfinalgoalistostartsellingVaxxwagontorelieforganizations，soitcanbeusedtohelppeoplearoundtheworld.Anurudh，whoplanstopursueengineeringdegreeincollege，says（1）Whydomanychildrendieeveryyear？A.Theylackexcellentmedicalteams.B.Theycannotaffordusablemedicines.C.Theydon'thaveanelectricitysystem.D.Theyhavenochancetogetusablevaccines.（2）WhatisspecialaboutVaxxwagon？A.Itisadevicewithcoolingsystem.B.Itcanproducesafevaccines.C.Itcanfinddeadlydiseases.D.Itcanbeameansoftransport.（3）WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeAnurudh？A.Caringandcreative（有创造力）.B.Cleverbutlazy.C.Determinedandindependent.D.Honestandhard﹣working.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthestory？A.Practicemakesperfect.B.AllroadsleadtoRome.C.Motivation（动力）isthemotherofsuccess.D.Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.10．（2019北京•房山高一期末）EmperorPenguinsEmperorpenguinsareconsideredthemostbeautifulandthelargestofallpenguins．Theyareamazingbirds．Theyaregoodsurvivors，excellentswimmersandgreatparents．Doyouknowwherewecanseethem？Youareabsolutelyright!Antarctica．OnlyAntarctica!AntarcticaisthecontinentwhichisthemostsouthernareaoflandontheEarthandismostlycoveredwithice．Itiscolder，drierandwindierthananyotherplaceontheEarth．Thelowesttemperaturecanreach﹣89.2℃．Inordertosurvivetheextremelytoughenvironment，emperorpenguinshavetocooperate．Theycrowdtogethertoprotectthemselvesfromthewindandkeepwarm．Meanwhile，theytaketurnstomovetotherelativelywarminside．Emperorpenguinsliveonadietwhichconsistsofdifferenttypesoffishandotherkindsofsealife．Tofindfood，thesebirds，whichareunabletofly，andtheycanevendivetomorethan535metreswhennecessary．Theycanremainunderwaterforalmost18minutes，longerthananyotherkindofpenguin．Emperorpenguinshaveaveryhardtimebringinguptheirbabies．Theyhavetogotogreatlengthstocarefortheirchildren．Afterlayinganegg，thetiredfemaleemperorpenguinwillleavethefamilybehindtofeedatsea，whilethemaleislefttotakecareoftheegg．Fortwomonths，whosedutyistokeeptheeggsafeandwarm，carrieshiseggaroundonhisfeetandwillgiveupeatinguntilthemotherreturns．Hedoesnotsitontheegglikemanyotherbirds，sometimesupto60﹣80kilometresaway，shethrowsupsomeofthefoodforthechickandtakesthemale'splacetolookafterit．Thefatherthentakeshisturntofeedatsea．Cooperativeparentingatitsfinest．ByDecember，duringtheAntarcticsummer，whentheicebeginstobreakupandopenwaterappears，goodswimmersandgreatparentsontheirown．Whatanamazingcycleitis!（1）Theunderlinedword"cooperate"inthethirdparagraphmeans．A．worktogetherB．fightagainstcoldC．protectthemselvesD．movetowarmplaces（2）Emperorpenguins．A．feedononlycertaintypesoffishB．liveinthemostterribleweatherconditionsC．areamazingbirdsthatcanbothflyandswimD．stayinwater18minuteslongerthanotherpenguins（3）Fromthepassage，weknowthatemperorpenguinsare．A．greatparentswhositoneggstokeepthemwarmB．themostbeautifulandthelargestbirdsintheworldC．goodsurvivorsandtheymovetowarmplacesinwinterD．excellentswimmersandtheycandivedeeperthanotherpenguins（4）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat．A．thechicksbreakuptheeggshellsinsummerB．anEmperorPenguinlaysseveraleggsatatimeC．themaleEmperorPenguinshatchtheeggsinwinterD．thechicksarereadytoliveontheirownoneyearlater11．（2017北京•丰台高一期末）Astudytriestofindoutwhethertakingnotesbyhandhelpsyoulearnbetterthantakingnotesonalaptop．ScientistsfromPrincetonUniversitycarriedoutexperimentson327students．Allstudentsgotthesamelectures，butsomeusedlaptops，andotherstooknotesbyhand．Whenitcametolearningtheconcepts（概念），thehandwriterswon．Whenitcametorecallingfacts，thegroupswerealmostthesame，atwhichpointthehandwritersdidbetter．"Evenwhenallowedtoreviewnotesafteraweek'sdelay，laptopusersperformedworseontestsofbothfactualcontentandconceptualunderstanding，"thestudystates．Learningsufferednotbecausestudentsusinglaptopscannotfocustheirmind．Inthelab，scientistsallowednoextraactivities．Studentswhopaidattentionandtookdeepnotesontheirlaptopsstilldidn'tlearnaswell．Infact，thestudyshowsthethoroughnessoftheirnotescausestheproblem．Laptopuserstooknoteswordbywordmindlessly，buthandwriterswrotefewerwords．Byselectingthemoreimportantinformation，handwritersstudiedmoreefficientlyHere'swhat'sabitfrightening：Whenthelaptopstudentswereaskedtocutdownthelongnotes，theycouldn't．Thechanceofpersuadingstudentstoputawaytheirlaptopsisprobablyzero．Manyofthemcan'twritelonghand（速记）．aforgottensubjectinmanyAmericanschools．Soshouldwecomebacktotraditionalclassroomsifwewantthebrighteststudents？Perhapsnot：Anotherpossibilitysomehavesuggested，isaPPsthatpermithandwritingontablet，whichstudentsmightaccept．（1）Thestudyshowsthat，A．thelaptopusersdobetterinrecallingfactsB．thehandwriterslearnaswellaslaptopusersC．thehandwritersdobetterinlearningconceptsD．thelaptopusersareeasiertotellfactsfromconcepts（2）Theword"thoroughness"（Para．4）mostprobablymeans．A．completenessB．clearnessC．correctnessD．tidiness（3）Whatcanbeinferredfromt