外研版必修四：Module3BodyLanguage1SectionⅠ

高中英语讲义高中英语讲义只要坚持梦想早晚会实现 只要坚持梦想早晚会实现 身体语言会在不经意间表露一个人的心理，解读身体语言，请看下文

Bodylanguageisthequiet,secretandmostpowerfullanguageofall!Itissaidthatourbodymovementscommunicateabout50percentofwhatwereallymeanwhilewordsonlyexpress7percent.So,whileyourmouthisclosed,yourbodyisjustsaying...Arms.Howyouholdyourarmsshowshowopenandreceptiveyouaretopeopleyoumeet.Ifyoukeepyourarmstothesidesofyourbodyorbehindyourback,thissuggestsyouarenotafraidoftakingonwhatevercomesyourway.Outgoingpeoplegenerallyusetheirarmswithbigmovements,whilequieterpeoplekeepthemclosetotheirbodies.Ifsomeoneupsetsyou,justcrossyourarmstoshowyou'reunhappy!Head.Whenyouwanttoappearconfident,keepyourheadlevel.Ifyouareamonitorinclass,youcanalsotakeonthispositionwhenyouwantyourwordstobetakenseriously.However,tobefriendlyinlisteningorspeaking,youmustmoveyourheadalittle.Legs.Yourlegstendtomovearoundalotmorethannormalwhenyouarenervousortellinglies.Ifyouareatinterviews,trytokeepthemstill!Posture（姿势）.Agoodposturemakesyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.Ifyouarefeelingdown,younormallydon'tsitstrajgwtithyourshouldersinwards.Thismakesbreathingmoredifficult,whichcanmakeyoufeelnervousoruncomfortable.Mouth.Whenyouarethinking,youoftenpurse（撅起）yourlips.Youmightalsousethispositiontoholdbackanangrycomment（W论）youdon 'twishtoshow.Howeveiwillprobablystillbenoticed,andpeoplewillknowyou'renotpleased.Face.Whenyoulie,youmightputonafalseface.Butthatexpressionwouldcrack（破裂）briefly,allowingdisplaysoftrueemotionssuchashappiness,sadness,disgust（厌恶）andfeartocomethrough.SectionIIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—Comprehending重点单词写作词汇l.dealn.协议；交易2.involvevt.包括3.spreadvi.张开拓展词汇4.communicationn.交流；沟通-communicatevi.（用语言、信号）传递信息；交流5.unconsciousadj.无意的；不知不觉的fconsciousadj.意识至U的；自觉的6.varyvi.变化一varietyn.种类一variousadj.各种各样的7.formaladj.正式的finformaladj.非正式的8.traditionallyadv.传统地ftraditionaladj.传统的一traditionn.传统9.threateningadj.恐吓的；具有威胁的 一threatenv.威胁一threatn.威胁10.slightly_adv.轻微地；稍微一slightadj.轻微的；少量的阅读词汇"aggressiveadj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的12.weaponn.武器13.gesturen.14.foreheadn.前额15.bowvi.鞠躬16.youthn.年轻人17.palmn.18.slapvt.重点短语1.onguard （保持）警惕.makeadeal 达成协议；做成交易.holdup 举起.giveaway 暴露（自己的情况）.shakehandswith 与 握手重点句型.morethan+名词：Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords（不仅仅靠口语和书面语交流 ）..介词+宾语从句：Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguage"（我们所称其为“肢体语言”）..独立主格：Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread（掌心向外，五指张开）.IReadthetextandmatchthemainideaofeachparagraph.1.Para.1A.GreetingsinAsiancountries.2.Para.2B.Waysofcommunication.3.Para.3C.Fascinatingbodylanguage.4.Para.4D.Greetingsinwesterncountries.5.Para.5E.Americanyouthsgreetingtoday.答案：1-5.BDAECnReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestansweraccordingtothetext.1.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.WheninRome,DoastheRomansDoB.GreetingsAroundtheWorldHowtoShakeHandsNon-verbalCommunicationWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Notallbodylanguageisconscious.Europeansshakehandswiththeirlefthands.Atanytime,weuse“learned“bodylanguage.Waysofgreetingarethesameallovertheworld.WhydoEuropeansandAmericansshakehandswiththeirrighthands?A.Theyhavebeenusedtoit.Therighthandsaretheweakestones.Theythinkitisformal.Theywanttoexpresstheytrusteachother.WhichofthefollowingbelongstooneofthegreetingsintheUS?A.Nottotouchtheotherperson.Toputtherighthandovertheleft.Togreeteachotherwith“givemefive.”Tojointheirhands.答案：1-4.DADC出Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall“bodylanguageIndeed,bodypositionsarepartolwhatwecallbodylanguage".I—>whal引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语［翻译］实际上，身体的姿势是我们所称其为“肢体语言”的一部分。Weseeexamplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalso“learned”bodylanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.并列句Wcsrrliesq!uncorLHious....并列句vetlliertL.."'learned1Ixjdvlatiguagt",whichvanesfromculturetoculture.which引导非限制性定语从句［翻译］我们经常看到一些无意识的肢体语言的例子，但也有“习得的”身势语，它在不同的文化中各不相同。Muslimsgivea “salaam”,wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.回国©血where引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 salaam,where在定语从句中作状语。［翻译］穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触左胸、嘴巴和前额。①communication[k??mju?nI'keI?i]n.交流;沟通②thinkof想到，记得③morethan此处表示“不仅仅”。④spokenandwrittenwords口语和书面语 withwords借助语言⑤unconscious[?n'k?n??s]adj.无意的；不知不觉的beunconsciousof未意识至U⑥learnedadj.习得的⑦vary['ve?ri]vi.变化varyfrom…to...从 至U 变化⑧beintroducedto被介绍给introduce…tosb.把 介绍给某人⑨onguard（保持）警惕⑩formal['f??ml]adj.正式的?aggressive[?'gresIvidj.攻击的；挑斗的；挑衅的?traditionally[tr?dI?nli]adv.传统地?shakehands握手?bebusy（in）doingsth.忙于做某事?weapon['wep?n]n.武器?gesture['d?est??n.姿势；姿态?threatening['0retnI?]adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的?makeadeal达成协议，做成交易deal[di7]n.协议;交易?involve[In'v?lv]vt.包括involvedoingsth.包括做某事?put...over...把 放在 上&bowga?..鞠躬bowtosb.向某人鞠躬^slightly['slaltli]adv.轻微地；稍微㉔Muslim['m?zl?m]n.（常作复数）穆斯林（24salaam[s?'la?m].（穆斯林的）额手礼（用右手抚额鞠躬的礼节）⑥forehead['f?rId]n.前额㉖Hindu['hIndu?n.ER度人㉗jointheirhands双手交叉㉔inrespect=respectfully尊敬地（29bebusywithsth.忙于某事③informal[In'f??ml]adj.非正式的③use...as..把 用作铜youth[ju?n.年轻人⑥holdup举起 反义词组：putdown⑭palm[pa?m].手掌魅spread[spred]vi.（spread,spread）张开颔slap[sl?p]vt.掌击的quite修饰名词时，常把冠词 a（n）置于其后。领bodylanguage身体语言，身势语③fascinatingadj.有极大吸引力的；迷人的fascinatedadj.被迷住的，被吸引的；极感兴趣的 （不用于名词前）④giveaway暴露（自己的情况）（41mindreader['maInd?ri?d?n.（自称或被认为）能看透别人心思的人Ifyousaytheword“communication°”,mostpeoplethinkof°wordsandsentences.Althoughtheseareveryimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanwrittenwords④.Indeed,bodypositionsarepartofwhatwecall”body⑤examplesofunconsciousbodylanguageveryoften,yetthereisalsolanguage,whichvaries°fromculturetoculture.(justspokenandlanguage”.Wesee

“learned⑥"body♦Althoughtheseareveryimportant是although引导的让步状语从句。Weuse“learned“bodylanguagewhenweareintroducedto⑧strangers.Likeotheranimals,⑨weareonguarduntilweknowitissafetorelax.SoeveryculturehasdevelopedaformalB10waytogreetstrangers,to..show...them.we..are.notaggressive..Traditionally.,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.Theydothiswiththerighthand—thestrongesthandformostpeople.Ifourrighthandisbusygreeting?someone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon?.Sothegesture?issaying,“Itrustyou.Look,I'mnotcarryingathreatening?weapon."Lf.youshake.hands.with.someone,youshowyoutrustthem.Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal?.Itmeans,“Weagreeandwetrusteachother.”♦itissafetorelax中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 torelax。♦动词不定式短语toshowthem...作目的状语； wearenotaggressive是省略that的宾语从句，作show的直接宾语。♦Ifyoushakehandswithsomeone是if引导的条件状语从句。GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolve?touchingtheotherperson,buttheyalways?involvethehands.TraditionallyinChina,whenwegreetsomeone,weputtherighthandovertheleftandbow?slightly?.Muslims?givea“salaam?",wheretheytouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead?.Hindus?jointheirhands?andbowtheirheadsinrespect?.Inalloftheseexamples,thehandsarebusywith?thegreetingandcannotholdaweapon.Eventoday,whensomepeoplehaveveryinformal?stylesofgreeting,theystillusetheirhandsaSagestureoftrust.Americanyouths?oftengreeteachotherwiththeexpression,“Givemefive!”Onepersonthenholdsup?hishand,palm?outwardsandfivefingersspread?.Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslaps?theother'sopenhandabovetheheadina“highfive”.Nowadays,itisquitea?commongreeting.♦whensomepeoplehaveveryinformal...是when弓I导的时间状语从句。Bodylanguage?isfascinating?foranyonetostudy.Peoplegiveaway?muchmorebytheirgesturesthanbytheirwords.Lookatyourfriendsandfamilyandseeifyouareamind?reader!♦ifyouareamindreader是if引导的宾语从句，作see的宾语。说起“交流”这个词，大多数人会想到词语和句子。 尽管这些很重要，但我们并不仅仅靠口语和书面语交流。实际上，身体的姿势是我们所称其为“肢体语言”的一部分。 我们经常看到一些无意识的肢体语言的例子， 但也有“习得的”身势语，它在不同的文化中各不相同。当我们被介绍给陌生人时，我们使用“习得的”身体语言。像其他动物一样，只有在感觉很安全时我们才会放松，否则我们将一直处于戒备状态。 所以，每一种文化都形成了一种正规的方式来问候陌生人， 以向他们表明我们并没有敌意。 欧美人的传统是握手。他们握右手一一右手对大多数人来说是最有力的。 假如我们的右手正忙着与他人打招呼， 我们就不可能用它来拿武器了。因此，这种手势的意思是： “我信任你。瞧，我没带威胁性的武器。 ”假如你和别人握手，就表明你信任他们。当我们达成协议时，我们握手。意思就是： “我们达成了协议，相互信任。”亚洲人打招呼是不接触他人身体的，但经常会用到手。与人打招呼时，中国人的传统方式是将右手放在左手上，稍稍躬身而行礼。穆斯林行“额手礼”，用手触左胸、嘴巴和前额。印度人双手交合，恭敬地行合十礼。在上述例子中，手都在忙于打招呼，不可能拿武器。即使是现在，有些人在非正式场合打招呼时， 还会用手来表示信任对方。美国年轻人常常会用“来击个掌吧！”的表达来打招呼。然后一个人举起他的手，掌心向外，五指张开。另一个人同样举起手，拍打对方举过头顶的手。这是如今很常见的打招呼的方式。身体语言对任何研究者来说都具有吸引力。 人们通过姿势传达的信息要比通过话语传达得更多。看看你的朋友和家人，试试你能否读懂他们的心事！I阅读理解♦ifForaslongashumanshavelivedontheearth,theyhavemadeuseofvariousformsofcommunication.Generally,thisexpressionofthoughtsandfeelingshasbeenintheformoforalspeech.Whenthereisaspokenlanguageproblem,communicationcanbecarriedoutthroughsignlanguage,inwhichgesturesstandforletters,words,andideas.Touristsandpeopleunabletohearorspeakhaveoftenhadtoturntothisformofexpression.Whengesturesdescribewordsorideas,theycanoftenbeusedinternationally.Whenusedforspellingwordshowever,whereeachgesturestandsforasingleletter,peoplemustsharethesamewrittenlanguage.♦ifBodylanguagesendsideasorthoughtsbycertainactions,eithermeaningfullyornot.Awink(眨眼)canbeawayofshowingthatthepersonisonlyjoking.Anodmeansagreement,whileshakingheadindicatesdisagreement.OtherformsoflanguagecanbefoundinBraille(areadingsystemofraiseddotsreadwiththefingertipsusedbytheblind),signalflags,Morsecode,andsmokesignals.Roadmapsandpicturesignsalsoguideandwarnpeople.Whilelanguageisthemostcommonformofcommunication,othersystemsandtechniquesalsoexpresshumanthoughtsandfeelings.【解题导语】 自从有人类以来，人们就用各种方式交流。一般来讲， 人们的交流方式不外乎三种：口头语、书面语和身势语，但还有其他的交流方式。Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttosay?A.Peoplecancommunicateinmanydifferentways.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.Languageisinvaluabletoforeigners.Non-spokencommunicationisoflittlevalue.

A解析：主旨大意题。文章主要是讲人们采用各种各样的方式去交流。Accordingtothetext,whichpartofthebodycanbeusedtoshowyouarejoking?A.Fingers. B.Eyes.C.Head. D.Feet.B解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中的 "Awink（眨眼）canbeawayofshowingthatthepersonisonlyjoking.”可知B项正确。WhatCAN'Tbeeffectivelycommunicatedbysignlanguagewhenpeoplebelongtodifferentlanguagegroups?A.Spelling. B.Ideas.C.Wholewords. D.Expressions.A解析：推理判断题。从文章内容判断，只有 spelling（拼写）不能用身势语进行有效的表达。Howmanydifferentformsofcommunicationarementionedinthetext?A.Three. B.Five.C.Six. D.Nine.D解析：细节理解题。文章共叙述了九种交流方式， 它们是：oralspeech,signlanguage,writtenlanguage,bodylanguageBraille,signalflags,Morsecode,smokesignals,roadmapsandpicturesigns。BHaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage（饮品）in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?IntheUS,we'vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.Thistradition—ifthat'swhatyouwanttocallit—datesbacktothe19thcentury.Duringthattime,itwasalreadycommonplaceformostAmericanhomestohaveanicebox.IcewouldbeharvestedinnorthernAmericaorCanadaandshippedacrosstheAtlanticandsoldatahighpriceinBritishdepartmentstores.CanyouimagineheadingtoMacy'stotreatyourselftoablockofice?Puttingiceinyourdrinkstartedtobecomesomewhatofafashion（时尚）trendforthewealthyinBritain.Somewouldputafewcubesintheirchampagneandsipontheirchilleddrinksathigh-classparties.But,likewithanyfashiontrend,iteventuallyfaded,mainlybecausetheicewasjusttooexpensive.AndevenonceiceboxesbeganappearinginhomesinBritainaswell,Britsnevertookalikingtoiceintheirdrinks.So,nexttimeyoutraveloverseas,don'tfeeloffended（冒3日）whenyourservergivesyouaneyerollwhenyouaskforicewater.【解题导语】 这篇文章主要讲了为什么美国人喜欢加冰饮料，而欧洲人不喜欢。Whohaswrittenthetext?A.AEuropean. B.AnAmerican.C.ACanadian. D.AnAsian.B解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的"IntheUS,we'vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.”可推知作者是一位美国人，故选B。WhydoEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?A.Becausetheyhavenofridges.Becausetheyhavewarmtaps.Becausetheyareaccustomedtoit.Becausetheycan'taffordice.C解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的 "Thistradition—ifthat'swhatyouwanttocallit—datesbacktothe19thcentury."可知欧洲人在室温下喝饮品是因为他们习惯于这种方式，故选C。WhatcanweinferaboutBrits?A.Theytreattheirgueststocolddrinks.TheyalwaysfollowwhatAmericansdo.Theydon'tknowwheretogeticeblocks.TheyhaveiceboxeslaterthanAmericans.D解析：推理判断题。由第一段中的"IntheUS,we'vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.”可推知英国人使用冰箱要晚于美国人，故选D。8.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.WhyAmericanslikeicydrinkswhileEuropeansdon't.Whenpeopleoverseashaveicydrinkswiththeirmeals.Wherepeoplecanentertainthemselveswithicydrinks.HowEuropeansandAmericansmakedifferentbeverage.A 解析：主旨大意题。第——段中的 "HaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage（饮品）in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?”作者提出这个问题，接下来分析其中的原因，所以这篇文章主要讲了为什么美国人喜欢加冰饮料，而欧洲人不喜欢，故选A。n完形填空Thetrainshakesbackandforth,itswheelsmakingaloudnoiseagainstthetracks.Outside

thewindowthefreezingcoldofwinterrules.Thecarriageisfilledwithcold,__1__^passengers.Suddenlyalittleboy__2__hiswaythroughthegrown-upslegsandsitsdownbythewindow.Heisallaloneamongthe__3__grown-ups.Whatabravechild,Ithink.Hisfather__4_tostaybythedoorbehindus.Thetrainbeginstocrawlintoatunnel.Thensomethingverystrangehappenssuddenly.The5littleboyslides（滑）downfromhisseatandleans（斜靠）hishandonmyknee.6,Ithinkthathewantsto__7__meandreturntohisfather,soIhelphimtostandup.Butinsteadheleansforwardandholdshis__8__uptowardsmine.Hewantstosaysomethingtome,Ithink.Ilowermyheadtoreceivethe__9__.Wrongagain!WhatIreceiveisa__10__kissonthecheek.Theboycalmlyreturnstohisseat,leansbackandcontinueslookingoutofthewindow.Iam11.Whatjusthappened?Achildkissed__12__grown- upsonthetrain!Howcananybodywanttokisssuchamanthathassomuchbeard?Soonenough,allofmyneighborsareduly13.Nervousandalittlesurprised,we14atthefather.Whenheseesourquestioning15ashegetsreadyforhisstop,heoffersaclue（线索）."He'ssohappytobealive,“thefathersays."Hehasbeenverysick.”Fatherandson16intothecrowdmovingtowardstheexit.Thendoorscloseandthetraingoeson.OnmycheekIcanstill17thechild'kiss-akissthathastriggered（触发）somesoul-searchinginsideme.Howmanygrown-ups18kissingeachotherfromthejoyofbeingalive?Howmanyevengivemuchthoughttotheprivilege（特权）of__19__?Thelittlekisserhadtaughtusasweetbutseriouslesson:Becareful.Youdon'dUeseyf20beforeyourheartstops!【解题导语】 本文描述了作者在干冷枯燥的火车上接受了一个陌生小孩的吻。 通过这次经历作者认识到，人一生中要始终保持一颗快乐的心。A.excited B. tiredC. pleased D. surprisedB解析：此处与空前的 cold相顺接，指“又冷、又疲劳”的旅客。A.feels B. fightsC.