翻译基础两篇汉英文章互译的练习材料减灾行动

'sActionsforDisasterPreventionandInrecentyears,naturaldisastershappenedfrequentlyaroundtheworldandhavecausedenormouslossesoflifeandpropertytohumansociety.Theyposeacommonchallengetoallthecountriesintheworld.suffersthemostnaturaldisastersofallcountries.Alongwithglobalclimatechangesanditsowneconomictakeoffandprogressinurbanization,suffersincreasingpressureonresources,environmentandecology.Thesituationinthepreventionofandresponsetonaturaldisastershas emoreseriousandAlwayscingpeoplefirst,the ernmenthasallalongputthesecurityofpeople'slivesandpropertyonthetopofitswork,andhaslistedthedisasterpreventionandreductioninitseconomicandsocialdevelopmentnasanimportantguaranteeofsustainabledevelopment.Inrecentyears,hasbeencomprehensivelyimplementingtheScientificOutlookonDevelopment,furtherstrengthenedlegislationaswellasthebuildingofsystemsandmechanismsondis-asterpreventionandreduction,committedtobuildingondisaster-preventioncapacities,encouragedpubliccontribution,andactivelyparticipatedininternationalcooperationinthisrespect.ThedevastatingWenchuanearthquake,whichoccurredonMay12,2008,causedmassivehumancasualtiesandpropertylosses,andcausedimmeasurablesufferingstothepeople.Inthewakeofthedisaster,theernmentdecidedtomakeMay12"DisasterPreventionandReductionDay,"startingin2009.ThishasbeenwrittentomarktheoneyearoftheWenchuanearthquakeandgreet'sfirst"DisasterPreventionandReductionDay,"withareviewoftheendeavorstheernmentandpeoplehavemadeindisasterpreventionandreduction.NaturalDisastersinThenaturaldisastersthatsuffersfrommosthavethefollowingDiversetypes.Theyincludemeteorologicaldisasters,earthquakes,geologicaldisasters,marinedisasters,biologicaldisasters,andandgrasslandfires.Exceptformodernvolcanicactivity,hassufferedfrommosttypesofnaturaldisasters.Widescopeofdistribution.Naturaldisasterscausedamagesindifferentdegreestoallof'sprovinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralernment).Morethan70percentofcitiesandmorethan50percentofthepopulationarelocatedinareasvulnerabletoseriousearthquakes,ormeteorological,geologicalormarinedisasters.Two-thirdsof'slandarethreatenedbyfloods.Tropicalcyclonesoftenbattertheeasternandsoutherncoasts,andsomeinlandces.Droughtsoftenoccurinthenortheast,northwestandnorth,withparticularlyseriousonescommoninsouthwestandsouth.Destructiveearthquakeswithamagnitudeof5ormoreontheRichterScalehavestruckallthecountry'sprovinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities).Themountainousandteauareas,accountingfor69percentof'stotallandterritory,sufferfrequentlandslides,mud-rockflowsandcliffcollapsesduetocomplicatedgeologicalHighfrequency.Itsmonsoonclimatehasastrongimpacton,andcausesfrequentmeteorologicaldisasters.Localorregionaldroughtsoccuralmosteveryyear,whiletropicalcyclones,seventimesayearonaverage,battertheeastcoast.AsliesrightintheregionwheretheEurasian,PacificandnOceantesmeet,itsuffersfromfrequentearthquakesduetostill-activetectonicmovements.Mostofthequakesshakingarecontinental,accountingforone-thirdofglobaldestructivelandquakes.Firesoftenbreakoutinsandongrasslands.Hugelosses.Duringthe19yearsfrom1990to2008,onannualaverage,naturaldisastersaffectedabout300millionpeople,destroyedmorethanthreemillionbuildings,anddtheevacuationofmorethanninemillionpeople.Thedirectfinanciallossescausedexceeded200billionyuan.FloodsintheYangtze,SonghuaandNenjiangrivervalleysin1998,seriousdroughtsinSichuanProvinceandChongqingMunicipalityin2006,devastatingfloodsintheHuaiheRivervalleyin2007,extremecoldweatherandsleetinsouthinearly2008,andtheearthquakethatshookSichuan,Gansu,ShaanxiandothercesonMay12,2008allcausedtremendouslosses.Nowandforafairlylongtimetocome,therisksofextremeweatherphenomenaareincreasingalongwithglobalclimatechanges.Owingtoimbalanceddistributionofprecipitation,unusualtemperaturechangesandotherfactors,theoccurrencesoffloodsanddroughts,hotweatherandheatwaves,low-temperaturerain,snowandsleet,andgrasslandfires,andntdiseasesandinsectandanimalpestsmaygrowinnumber.Theprobabilityofstrongandextra-strongtyphoons,tempestsandotherdisastersisquitehigh.Thetasksofguardingagainstandpreventingsuchgeologicaldisastersasmountaintorrents,landsidesandmud-rockflowsbroughtaboutbyheavyrainsremainweighty.Inaddition,asaresultoftheearth'scrustalmovements,thedangerofearthquakesisincreasing.StrategicGoalsandTasksforDisasterIntheNational11thFive-yearnonComprehensiveDisasterReductionandothersissuedinrecentyears,theernmenthasmadeclearitsmedium-andlong-termstrategicgoalsduringthe11thFive-yearnperiod(2006-2010)andtheensuingyears:tobuildarelativelycompleteworkingsystemandoperationalmechanismsregardingdisasterreduction;togreatlyenhancethecapabilitiesrelatedtodisastermonitoringandearlywarning,preventionandpreparation,emergencyhandling,disasterrelief,andrehabilitationandreconstruction;tonotablyraisepublicawarenessofdisasterreductionandemergencyrescueskills;andtosignificantlyreducehumancasualtiesanddirecteconomiclossescausedbynaturalThemaintasksareasTostrengthencapabilityinmanagementoverhiddenrisksofnaturaldisastersandrelevantinformation.Basedonageneralsurveyofhid-denrisksofmajornaturaldisastersinkeyareas,andtheoverallpreventionandreductioncapabilitiesofthenation,willbuildadatabaseoftherisksofnaturaldisasters,anddrawupanationaldiagramofthesituationsinhigh-riskandkeyareas.Itwillalsobuildasystemforcollectingstatisticsaboutdisastersandthedamageinflicted,andareportingsystemcoveringthenational,provincial,municipalandcountylevels.Itwillimprovethemechanismsofpromptnewsrelease,checkondisasterdamage,andtheworkoninformationexchange,consultationandannouncement.Atformforthesharingandre-leasingofdisasterinformationwillbeestablished,andtheysis,appraisalandapplicationofdisasterinformationbereind.Tostrengthencapabilityinthemonitoring,earlywarningandfore-castingofnaturaldisasters.Whileimprovingtheexistingmonitoringnetwork,willincreasethemonitoringdensityandlaunchasaliteremote-sensingmonitoringsystem,thusbuildingathree-dimensionalmonitoringtformfornaturaldisasters.Itwillpromotethecomprehensiveutilizationandintegrateddevelopmentofmonitoringandearlywarninginfrastructures,andimprovethesupportingsystemsinthefieldofdisasterwarning,forecastinganddecision-making.Particulareffortswillbemadetostrengthenthecapabilityofmonitoring,earlywarningandforecastingextremeweatherandseriousfrequently-occurreddisasters.Amechanismtoissuedisasterriskwarningswillbeputinceusingvariouschannelsofcommunicationtoaccurayandpromptlyreleasedisasterinformation.Tostrengthenoverallcapabilitytopreventandcombatnaturaldisasters.Effortswillbemadetocarryoutvariousnsconcerningdisasterpreventionandreduction,constructpillarprojects,andraisethedisastercombatcapabilitiesoflargeandmedium-sizedindustrialbases,transportationtrunklines,communicationhubsandlifelineprojects.Inlinewiththenationallandutilizationnandprincipleofeconomicalandintensiveuseofland,theernmentwillmakeanoverallninrespectofdisasterreductionconcerningagricultureandruralareas,industryandurbanareas,aswellasspecializeddisasterpreventionandreductionnsandconstructionofrelevantprojectsinkeyareas,soastoenhancethecountry'soveralldisasterpreventioncapacityinallTostrengthenthestatecapacityforemergencyrescueandreliefwork.Acoordinatedandefficientdisasteremergencymanagementsystemwillbebuilt,characterizedbyunifiedcommand,soundcoordination,cleardivisionofwork,andlevel-by-levelcontrolwithlocalyingthemainrole.Thiswillform,byandlarge,anemergencyreliefsystemcoveringallaspects.Theconstructionofdisastercombatandreliefmaterialsreservenetwork,atcentralandlocallevels,willbestrengthened;thetransportationcapacityofreliefmaterialswillberaised;variousbackboneorprofessionalrescuecontingentswillbeconsolidated;anddisasterreductionandreliefequipmentwillbeimproved.Socialmobilizationmechanismsaretobeimprovedtogivefullytothefunctionsofnon-ernmentalorganizationsandorganizationsatthegrassrootslevelaswellasvolunteersinthesphereofdisasterTostrengthencapabilityinconsolidatingfloodcontrolinvariousrivervalleys.Adheringtotheprinciplesofoverallnning,soundco-ordinationandcomprehensivesolutionofbothrootcausesandsymptoms,acompletefloodcontrolanddisasterpreventionsystemwillbebuilttoguaranteethesafetyofrivervalleys.Thesystemwilltakeembankmentconstructionasthebasis,backedupbykeywatercontrolprojectsonmainstreamsandtributaries,floodstorageareasanddredgedwatercourses,aswelllevees,lakesidelandsreturnedfromfarmingtowater,andwaterandsoilconservationefforts,inadditiontonon-projectmeasuressuchasfloodanddroughtcontrolcommandsystems,coordinationmeasuresandfloodriskmanagement.Tostrengthencapabilityincomprehensiveresponsetodisastrouscalamities.Bystudyingthemechanismofoccurrenceandlawofactivityofdisastrouscalamities,andtheirrelationswithsecondarydisasters,willconductsimulationexperimentsofmassivedisastervariationsandemergencyresponsestodisastrouscalamities.Itwillbuildandimproverelevantsystemsandmechanisms,workoutpoliciesandemergencyresponsensagainstdisastrouscalamities,andconductdrillstocombatthem.Itwillalsospreadpilotinsuranceschemesinagricultureandry,andintroduce,basedonnationalconditions,insuranceandre-insuranceagainstdevastatingdisasters.Itwillstrengtheneffortsintheconstructionofprojectsagainsthugedisasters,andestablishanAsianregionaldisasterresearchcenter.Tostrengthenurbanandruralcommunitycapabilityincowithdisasters.willimprovetheemergencyresponsensforurbanandruralcommunities,andtraintheresidentsagainstsuchdangers.Urbanandruralemergencyfacilitieswillbeimproved,andmodelcommunitieswillbeestablishedthroughoutthecountry.Housingsafetyprojectsinbothruralandurbanareaswillbebuilt.Shelterswillbebuiltwheredisastersarepronetooccur.Communitydisasterre-porterswillbenominated,urbanandruralresidentswillbeeducatedtopreventanddealwithdisasters,andamechanismtoprotectdisadvantagedcommunitygroupswillbebuilt.Tostrengthenthescientificandtechnologicalsupportcapabilityinthefieldsofdisasterpreventionandreduction.willfortifytheresearchanddevelopmentofkey,andstudyandworkoutnationalmedium-andlong-termstrategiesforscientificandtechno-logicaldevelopmentincowithnaturaldisasters.Itwillquickentheapplicationofremote-sensing,geographicalinformationsystem,globalpositioningsystem,andnetworkcommunication.Itwillinvestmorefundsinscientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentagainstdisasters,supporttheconstructionofrelevantdisciplinesandthefosteringofskilledpeople,andbuild neltrainingbases.Itwillalsointroducerelevanttechnologicalstandards,andstandardizedisasterpreventionandreductionoperations.Tostrengthencapabilityinscientificpublicityandeducationconcerningdisasterreduction.willheightenthesenseofdutyoflocalernmentsatvariouslevelsindisasterreduction.Knowledgerelatedtodisasterreductionwillbeincorporatedinschooltextbooks,andprovidedtoruralresidentsthroughactivitiestobringcultural,scientific,medicalservicestotheruralareas.Generalorspecializededucationconcerningdisasterreductionwillbeencouraged,andrelevanteducationbasesbuilt.Anationalnetworktformspreadingdisasterreductionknowledgewillbelaunched.Popularsciencebooks,wallchartsandaudio-visualproductswillbepublishedandproduced,localexperiencesindisasterpreventionandreductionbepublicized,andpublicawarenessandskillsraised.ConstructionofaLegalFramework,InstitutionalSetupandWorkingMechanismRelatedtoDisasterReductionattachesgreatimportancetolegislationregardingdisasterpreventionandreductionandhasenactedanumberoflawsandregulationsinthisregard,thusgraduallyinstitutionalizingdisasterreductionefforts.Sincetheearly1980s,thestatehaspromulgatedmorethan30lawsandregulationsconcerningdisasterpreventionandreduction,includingtheEmergencyResponseLawofthePeople'sRepublicof,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofonWaterandSoilConservation,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofonProtectionAgainstandMitigationofEarthquakeDisasters,WaterLawofthePeople'sRepublicof,FloodControlLawofthePeople'sRe-publicof,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofonDesertificationPreventionandTransformation,MeteorologyLawofthePeople'sRepublicof,ryLawofthePeople'sRepublicof,GrasslandLawofthePeople'sRepublicof,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofonthePreventionandControlofWaterPollution,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofonthePreventionandControlofPollutionfromEnvironmentalNoise,LawofthePeople'sRepublicofonthePreventionandControlofEnvironmentalPollutionfromSolidWaste,MarineEnvironmentProtectionLawofthePeople'sRepublicof,FireControlLawofthePeople'sRe-publicof,DroughtControlRegulationsofthePeople'sRepublicof,HydrologyRegulationsofthePeople'sRepublicof,FloodControlRegulationsofthePeople'sRepublicof,FireControlRegulationsofthePeople'sRepublicof,GrasslandFireControlRegulationsofthePeople'sRepublicof,RegulationsonHandlingMajorAnimalEpidemicEmergencies,RegulationsonthePreventionandControlof ntDiseasesandInsectPests,RegulationsonthePreventionandControlofGeologicalDisasters,RegulationsontheHandlingofDestructiveEarthquakeEmergencies,RegulationsontheAdministrationofSecurityofReservoirsandDams,andRegulationsontheAdministrationofWeatherModification.Thestatewillcontinueitseffortsinthefieldoflegislationasdis-asterpreventionandreductionastheneed ernmenthasforyearspersistedinincorporatingdisasterreductioninthesustainabledevelopmentstrategiesatthenationalandlocallevels.In"'sAgenda21,"issuedinMarch1994,thecentral ernmentclearlydefinedtherelationsbetweendisasterreductionandenvironmentalprotectionatthenationallevel,cingasmajorconcernstheconstructionofadisasterpreventionandreductionsystemandthereductionof alfactorsintriggeringorworseningnaturaldisastersonitsagenda.InApril1998,thestatereleasedtheDisasterReductionnofthePeople'sRepublicof(1998-2010),whichwaspublished,forthefirsttimein,intheformofspecializedns.Itputforwardtheguidelines,goals,tasksandmethodsofdisasterreductionwork.InOctober2006,the11thFive-year nfortheDevelopmentofScienceandTechnologywasreleased,inwhichthe ernmentincludedasmajortasksthetechnologicaldevelopmentforapublicsecurityemergencyresponsesystemandtheenhancementofthenation'scapabilitiesinhandlingpublicsecurity,disastersandunexpectedpublics.InAugust2007,theernmentissuedthe11thFive-yearnonComprehensiveDisasterReduction,requiringlocalernmentstoincludedisasterreductionintheirsocialandeconomicdevelopmenthasadoptedadisasterreductionandreliefsystemfeaturingcentralleadership,departmentalresponsibilityanddisasteradministrationatdifferentlevelswithmajorresponsibilityonlocal.UndertheunifiedleadershipoftheStateCouncil,thecentralorganscoordinatingandorganizingdisasterreductionandreliefworkaretheNationalDisasterReductionCommittee,StateFloodandDroughtControlHeadquarters,StateEarthquakeControlandRescueHead-quarters,StateFireControlHeadquartersandNationalDisasterControlandReliefCoordinationOffice. ernmentsalsohavesetupcorrespondingcoordinationofficestohandledisasterreductionandreliefwork.Duringdisasterreductionandreliefwork,thePeople'sLiberationArmy,theArmed,militiamenandreservists,aswellasmenythemajorrole,andoftenactastasks.Socialgroups,non-ernmentalorganizationsandvolunteerswillalsojointheWithyearsofexperienceindisasterreductionandreliefwork,theernmenthasestablishedadisasterreductionandreliefmechanismgearedtothenation'ssituation.Ithasestablishedaseriesofdisasteremergencymechanisms,includingadisasteremergencyresponsesystem,disasterinformationreleasemechanism,emergencyreliefmaterialsreservesystem,disasterearlywarning,consultationandinformationsharingsystem,majordisasterrescueandreliefjointcoordinationmechanismandemergencysocialmobilizationmechanism.ernmentsatvariouslevelsalsohavesimilarworkingDisasteremergencyresponsesystem.Theemergencyresponsesys-temofthecentralernmentforunexpectednaturaldisastersisformedofthreelevels:stateoverallemergencyresponsen,statespecializedemergencyresponsen,anddepartmentalemergencyresponsens.Detailedmeasuresandworkingregulationsareworkedoutbytherelevanternmentdepartmentsinlinewiththespecializednsandtheirrespectiveresponsibilities.Inthewakeofamajornaturaldisaster,undertheunifiedleadershipoftheStateCouncil,therelevantdepartmentswithdifferentfocusesshallactincoordinationandlaunchemergencyresponsenstoguidedisastercontrolandreliefwork.Theernmentsoftheaffectedareasshallimmediaystartemergencyresponsemeasuresandsetupalocaldisasteremergencyresponsecommandwiththeheadsofthelocalernmentsservingasthechiefcommanders,andleadersofrelevantdepartmentsasmembers,tojointlydrawupemergencynsandmeasures,organizefieldemergencyresponsework,andreportdisasterdetailsandworkprogresstoernmentsofhigherlevelsandrelevantdepartments.Disasterinformationreleasesystem.Followingtheprincipleof"beingpromptandprecise,openandtransparent,"thecentralandlocalernmentsareexpectedtoworkinearnestontheemergencyinformationreleaseworkconcerningnaturaldisastersandotheremergencies,offeringthroughauthorizedreleases,pressreleases,interviewsandpressconferencestothepublicpromptinformationonthedisastersandtheirdevelopments,progressofemergencyresponsework,disasterprevention,andknowledgeondisasterpreventionandotherinformation,thusensuringthepublic'srightstoknowandsupervise.Reliefmaterialsreservesystem.hasbuiltareliefmaterialsreservenetworkbasedonspecialstorehouses,whichhasseenyear-on-yearimprovements.Thecountryhasnowtensuchstorehousesfordailynecessitiesatthecentrallevel,andstoragecentersforreliefsupply,floodand firecontrolsarecontinuouslybeingbuiltandimproved.Coupledwiththereservereliefsupplycentersestablishedinsomeprovinces,citiesandcounties,apreliminarydisastercontrolandreliefmaterialsreservesystemhastakenshape.Toguaranteethetimelypurchaseofreliefs,alistofcommissionedreliefsupplymanufacturersisestablished,andemergencypurchaseagreementssignedwiththemforthesupplyofreliefmaterialsincaseofDisasterearlywarning,consultationandinformationsharingmechanism.Adisasterearlywarning,consultationandinformationsharingmechanismhasbeensetup,involvingsuchrelevantdepartmentsascivilaffairs,landandresources,waterresources,agriculture,ry,statistics,andseismology,maritimeaffairsandmeteorology.Tooffertimelyandeffectivesupportforthedecision-makingofthecentralernmentandlocaldepartmentsincaseofemergency,hasinitiatedtheconstructionofadisasterin-formationdatabaseandlaunchedapublictformofnationalgeographicalinformationandadisasterinformationpublishingandsharingsystem,aswellasatformfornationaldisasterreductionandriskmanagementMajordisasterrescueandreliefjointcoordinationmechanism.Inthewakeofamajordisaster,relevantdepartmentswillytheirfunctionsandtimelydispatchtodisaster-hitareasworkinggroupscomposedof nelfromthesedepartmentstogatherfirst-handin-formationandguidedisastercontrolandreliefworkonthespot.ThegroupsarealsorequiredbytheStateCounciltocoordinatewiththerelevantdepartmentstomapoutrescuens,helpwithdisasterreliefworkandpreventpossiblesecondarydisasters.Disasteremergencyresponsepublicmobilizationmechanism.Apreliminarypublicmobilizationsystemisnowince,focusingoneffortsforrescue,search,firstaid,relief,donationandotherwork.The ernmentalsogivesfullscopetonon-ernmentorganizations,suchasmassorganizations,theRedCross,self-ernmentalorganizationsatthegrassrootslevelandindividualvolunteersinthefieldsofdisasterprevention,emergencyrescue,reliefanddonationwork,medical,hygieneandwork,post-disasterreconstruction,psychologicalsupportotherEnhancementofDisaster-reductionTheernmentattachesgreatimportancetotheenhancementofdisaster-reductioncapability.Ithasmadegreateffortsinundertakingdisaster-reductionprojects,improvingdisasterearlywarningandemergencyresponse,enhancingsci-techsupport,strengthening neltraininganddisasterreductionworkincommunities.CarryingoutDisaster-reductionProjectsandImprovingCapabilityinComprehensivePreventionofDisastersInrecentyears,hasengagedinaseriesofimportantdisaster-projects,includingthoseconcerningfloodcontrol,droughtcombat,earthquakepreventionandrelief,cyclonecontrol,redtideandothermarinedisasterprevention,desertificationandsand-stormcontrol,andecologicalconstruction.Floodcontrolonmajorrivers.Theernmenthasgreatlyin-creaseditsinputinharnessingmajorriversbywayofadoptingproactivefinancialpoliciesandissuanceofbonds,whichhasacceleratedtheprogressoftheharnessingofmajorriversandlakes.Todate,theconstructionandrenovationofthedykesonthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverhavebeencompleted;constructionofstandardizeddykesonthelowerreachesoftheYellowRiverisinfullswing;19majorfloodcontrolprojectsfortheHuaiheRiverhavebeen,byandlarge,completed;andpivotalwaterconservancyprojectsattheThreeGorgesontheYangtzeRiver,XiaolangdiontheYellowRiverandLinhuaigangontheHuaiheRiverareyingtheirfullpart.'sfloodcontrolabilityonmajorrivershasbeenfurtherimproved.Constructionworkonsomemajorsectionsoftheseriversisnowcapableofdefyingtheseverestfloodin100years.Thefloodcontrolcapabilityofsmallandmedium-sizedrivershasbeencontinuouslyimproved.Thestandardforkeyseadykeshasbeenraisedtowithstandtheworstfloodin50Housingrenovationforimpoverishedruralresidents.attachesgreatimportancetodisaster-proofresidentialconstructioninruralareas.Duringthereconstructionofdisaster-strickenbuildings,technicalguidanceisgivenandqualitycontrolstressedonsiteselection,design,constructionandacceptanceinspection.Housingprojectsarepushedforwardincombinationwithpovertyalleviationefforts.Since2005,atotalof17.535billionyuanhasbeeninvestednationwideintherenovationandconstructionof5.8016millionruralhousesfor1.8051millionimpoverishedhouseholdstotaling6.4965millionpeople.Decrepitschoolbuildingrenovation.Since2001,aschoolbuildingrenovationschemehasbeenimplementedthroughoutthecountry.Bytheendof2005,aspecialfundof9billionyuanfromthestaterevenueshasbeenallocatedforrenovatingthedecrepitbuildingsofover40,000schools.Since2006,buildingrenovationexpensesofallprimaryandjuniorhighschoolsinruralareashavebeenincludedinthefinancialsupportschemeforcompulsoryeducationinruralareas.Safeschoolbuildings.Startingfrom2009,thestatewillreinschoolbuildingsnationwideinordertomakethemmeettheearth-quakewithstandingstandardappliedforkeyprojectswithinthreeyears.Theyshouldalsomeettherequirementsinpreventingandavoidingdisasterscausedbymountainsidelandslide,rockcollapse,mud-rockflow,tropicalheatwave,fire,etc.Seepagepreventionandreinmentforunsafereservoirs.InMarch2008,thestateissuedtheSpecialNationalnonSeepagePreventionandReinmentforUnsafeReservoirs,requiringthecompletionofrenovationoflargeandmediumreservoirsaswellaskeysmall-sizedonesthreatenedbyfloodswithinthreeyears.In2008,4,035seepagepreventionandreservoirreinmentprojectswereundertaken,accountingfor65percentofthetotal6,240targetedreservoirs.Drinkingwatersafetyinruralareas.DuringtheTenthFive-yearnperiod(2000-2005),atotalof22.3billionyuanwasspentonsolvingtheproblemofdrinkingwaterfor67millionpeopleinruralareas,thusbasicallyendingthehistoryofaseriousshortageofdrinkingwaterinruralareas.Since2006prioritieshavebeenshiftedtoguaranteeingthatalldrinkingwaterissafe.From2006to2008,23.8billionyuanwereinvestedbythestaterevenuesand22.6billionyuaninvestedbylocalrevenuesprovidingsafedrinkingwatertoanac-cumulatedruralpopulationof109Waterandsoilerosioncontrol.Inthe1980s,keywaterandsoilerosioncontrolprojectswerelaunchedinareassufferingfromseriouswaterandsoilerosion,suchasyearn(1996-2000),effortswereextendedtotheupperandmiddlereachesofthesevenmajorrivers(Yangtze,Yellow,Huaihe,Haihe,Songhua,Liaohe,Pearl)andtheTaihuLake.By2008,keywaterandsoilerosioncontrolprojectshadcoveredatotalareaof260,000sqkm,with70percentofsuchareasputundercontrolandasiltreductionrateof40%ormore.SoilerosionintheJialingRiverarea,ontheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,hasbeenreducedbyonethird,whilethesedimentflowintotheYellowRiverhasbeenreducedbyabout300milliontonsperannum.Farmlandirrigationanddrainage.SincethebeginningoftheNinthFive-yearn,hasincreasedfinancialinputinfarmlandirrigationanddrainagefacilityconstruction,focusingonconstructionofsupportfacilitiesandwater-savingfacilitiesinmajorirrigationareas.Asaresult,farmlandirrigationanddrainageaswellasfloodanddroughtabilitieshavebeenimproved.Ecologicalconstructionandenvironmentalimprovement.Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,keyecologicalconstructionprojectshavebeencarriedout,includingthoseconcerningnaturalresourcesprotection,revertingfarmlandto,shelterconstructioninthenortheast,northandnorthwestof,keyshelterconstructiononthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver,sand-stormsourcescontrolintheBeijingandTianjinar