选考试卷及答案英语解析

2018年下半年普通高等学校招生统一考 12191012150120分钟。选择题部第一部分(共两节，满分30分。做题时，先将答案标在试卷上内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案。第一节(51.57.5分佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段仅读一遍。例Howmuchisthe A.£19.15. B.£9.18. C.Whatdoesthewomanwantto B.Goforawalk. C.AccesstheWhywouldthewomanliketohave A.Sheistaking B.ShewillbeworkinginC.ShehasmadesomeWhatarethespeakerstalkingA.Atraveln. B.Anexamresult. C.AsportsWhathastheman A.Writingsomething. B.Repairinghispen. C.ShopWhatdoesJohnsuggestthewomanA.MeethisB.AskHarryforC.Gototheairportwith第二节(151.522.5分听下面5段或独白。每段或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个66、7WherearetheA.Inabank. B.Inaho. C.InaHowmuchdoesthemanneedtoA.$68. B.$136. C.7810WhosebirthdayisA.Sarah's. B.Michael’s C.WhenwillthebirthdaypartyA.At6:15. B.At6:30. C.AtWhatdoesthemanwanttoA.Whattobuy. B.Whotocall. C.Whereto81113WhywasJuliaabsentfromtheA.Shewasill. B.Shegotuplate. C.ShewenttoaWhathasRobertgotforA.Textbooks. B.Oilpaintings. C.LectureWherewillthespeakersmeetonA.AtRobert'shome. B.Atabar. C.Ata91417WhatisthewomanA.Attendingaseminar. B.Givingsomeadvice. C.nganHowoftendoesthemantravelbyA.Twiceaday. B.Everyotherday. C.OnceaHowdoesthemanfeelaboutthebusA.It'sgood. B.It'sfair. C.It’sWhatimprovementshouldthebusA.BusesshouldbemoreB.DriversshouldbemoreC.Seatsshouldbemore101820WhoisA.AdoctorfromB.AuniversityC.AUnitedNationsWhatdoesPierremainlytalkA.FoodsintheB.TherolethattheUNC.ThepurposeofhisWhatisthe eofPierre'sA.Anewmedicine. B.Anewtypeofrice. C.Anewfarming答案：1-5 6-10 16-20(35分第一节(10小题;2.525分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸AThemost esightonacold,wetwinternightinLondonisthefamiliarshapeofaLondontaxicabapproachingwithitsyellow“forhire”signshiningbrightly.Thatshowsitisreadytopickyouup.TravellingbytaxiinLondonisnotjustawayofgoingfromonecetoanother.Itisanexperiencetobeenjoyedandremembered.Themainreasonforthisisthedrivers,whoarecalled“cabbies”.ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity,andallofthemlovetotalk.Asimpletwenty-minutejourneyacrosstowncan everyinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionabouttheernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie!Onethingisforsure,itwillneverbeboring.Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars,theRoyalFamily,ernmentleaders,andpopularsingersoractorsandactresses.Theyalsoknowthebestcestoeat,shopandrelax.Andtheycantakeyoustraighttoanylargeho,departmentstore,theatreormuseum.Theyknowtheshortestwaypossiblewithoutevenlookingatamap,becauseeveryonewhowantsto eataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled“TheKnowledge”.Itisawrittentest,andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromonecetoanother.Theymusttakeintoaccountthetimeofday-inrushhour,alongerroute(路线)maybequicker-anddescribethebestway.Moreovertheymustneverforgettheone-waystreets!Fromwhatcanwelthatsomeoneisa A.Theirinterest. B.Their C.Theirspeech. D.TheirWhatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“AuntyNellie”inparagraph A.Passengersarefullof B.Cabbies'topicsarewide C.AuntyNellieispopularin D.LondonersarefriendlytoeachWhatisthepurposeof“The A.Toqualifyonetodriveataxi. B.Toassessone'sdriving C.Totestdrivers'abilitytowrite. D.Tochecktaxidriversmemory.A篇21.C 细节理解题。信息定位在文章第二段第三句，“ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.C。 “Youanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie!”，可知谈论的话题很广泛，B。A.推理判断题。根据“everyonewhowantsto eataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled“TheKnowledge”可知，“theknowledge”是一项检测能否成为出租车的资格考试，所以选A。BThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparentshomes,sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn’talwaysbeenabirthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocalendars(日历),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Rural(农村的)schoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidstohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringntingandfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquarter.Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak:itofferedarestforteachers,fitinthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors’concernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreadofdisease.Butpeople’sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspleasantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpressuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships实习)orstudy,there’sstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofchildhood.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentoEnjoyasummerTakeabreakeachHave48weeksofstudyaAssisttheirparentswithfarmWhatdidtheeducationalreformersdointheTheyintroducedsummerTheyshortenedruralschoolTheypromotedthestudyofTheyadvocatedhigherpayforWhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodernU.S.schoolItpushestheteacherstoohard. B.Itreducesthequalityof C.Itignoresscienceinstruction. D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.B篇D.细节理解题。信息定位在“Rural(农村的)schoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidstohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringntingandfallharvestseasons.”，A.推理判断题。信息定位在“ruralschoolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak.”进行了介绍。选择A。B细节理解题。信息定位在最后一段，“isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandratesofU.Shighschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducation” BCIstarteverysummerwiththebestofintentions:toattackonebigbookfromthepast,aclassicthatIwassupposedtohavereadwhenyoungandambitious.Oftenthepairingsofbooksandsettingshavebeenpurelyaccidental:“MobyDick”onathree-daycross-countrytraintrip;“TheMagicMountain”inaNewEnglandbeachsidecottagewithnolocksonthedoors,noephonesorevisionsintherooms,andlittletodobeyondrowonthesaltpond.Attempting“TheManWithoutQualities”onareturntoHawaii,mynativestate,however,waslessfruitful:Imadeitthroughandaquartervolumes册thendecidedthatI’dgotthepointandwentswimmingButthissummerIfindmyselfataloss.I’mnotquiteinterestedinBalzac,say,or“TristramShandy.”There'salways“WarandPeace,”whichI’vecoveredsomedistanceseveraltimes,onlytogetboggeddowninthe“War”part,setitasideforawhile,andrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocialrank.Howappealingtosimplyfallbackonafavorite-oncemoreinto“TheWaves”or“Justine,”whichfeelsalmostlikecheating,tooexcitingandtoomuchfuntoproperlybelonginseriousliture.Andthenthere’sStendhal’s“TheRedandtheBlack,”whichhappenstobethenameoffavoritecocktail鸡尾酒)ofthesummercreatedbyMichaelCecconiatSavoyandBackFortyItiseasytodrink,andknockingbackthreeorfourseemslikesuchadelightfulideaCecconi'stheory:“Itakewhatever’sfreshatthegreenmarketandturnitintoliquid.”There(Theresultisapureshotofafternooninthepark,makingonefeelcheerfulandpeacefulallatoncelyingonuncutgrasswitheyesshut,sunbeatingthroughthelid(lids)....Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthefirst A.HehasacottageinNewEngland. B.Heshowstalentsforli C.Heenjoysreadingwhentraveling. D.HeadmiresalotofgreatWhatdotheunderlinedwords“getboggeddown”inparagraph2 A.Getconfused. B.Becarried C.Beinterrupted. D.MakenoWhydoestheauthorsayreadinghisfavoritebooksfeelslike A.Hefinishesthemquickly. B.Heshouldreadsomething C.Hebarelyunderstandsthem. D.HehasreadthemmanytimesWhatcanbeasuitabletitlefortheA.TheBooksofSummer B.MySummerC.ToReadorNottoRead DIt'sNeverTooLatetoReadC篇C概括总结题。根据第一段“MobyDick”onathree-daycross-countrytraintrip;”““TheMagicMountain”inaNewEngland”“AttemptingTheManWithoutQualities”onareturnto Dgetboggeddown“setitasideforawhileandrealizethatIhavetostartoverfromthebeginningagain,havingforgotteneveryone’snameandsocial始看..”D正确。“makenoprogress”“未取得进步”。belonginseriousliture.”。A主旨大意题。文章多次出现..books,summer期间读的书，BMySummerHolidays“我的暑假”，范围扩大，且没有提到books。选CD，无中生有，文中并第二节（5210分Somepeoplearesorude.Whosendsane-mailoratextmessagethatjustsays“Thankyou”?Wholeavesavoicemailmessageratherthantextsyou?WhoasksforafacteasilyfoundontheInternet?31MaybeI’mtherudeonefornotappreciatinglife’slittlecourtesies(礼节).Butmanysocialnorms(规范)justdon’tmakesensetopeopledrowningindigitalcommunication.Takethethank-younote.DanielPostSenning,acoauthorofEmilyPost’sEtiquette,asked,“Atwhatpointdoesshowingappreciationoutweighthecost?”32Thinkofhowlongittakestolistentooneofthosemessages.Intexts,youdon’thavetodeclarewhoyouareorevensayo.E-mail,too,isslowerthanatext.Theworstarethosewholeaveavoicemailandthensendane-mailmessagetolyoutheyleftavoicemail.Thisisn’tthefirsttimetechnologyhaschangedourmanners.33Alexanderspedupthegreeting’suseinface-to-facecommunications.Intheageofthesmartphone,thereisnoreasontoaskonce-acceptablequestionsabout:theweatherforecast,abusiness’sphonenumber,ordirectionstoahouse,arestaurant,oranoffice,whichcanbeeasilyfoundonadigitalmap.34Andwhenyouanswer,theyrespondwithathank-youe-mail.Howtohandlethesedifferingstandards?Easy:Consideryouraudience.Somepeople,especiallyolderones,appreciateathank-youmessage.35Intraditionalsocieties,theyounglearnfromtheold.Butinmodernsocieties,theoldcanalsolearnfromtheyoung.Here’shothatpolitenessnevergoesoutoffashionbutthattime-wastingformsofcommunicationdo.A.ThenthereisvoiceB.Others,likeme,wantnoC.Butpeoplestillaskthese D.Don’tthesepeoplerealizethatthey’rewastingyour E.Won’tnewtechnologybringaboutchangesinourdaily F.Face-to-facecommunicationmakescomprehensionmuch G.Whentheephonewasinvented,peopledidn’tknowhowtogreetaD考查语义衔接。文章第一段的感彩为性，列举了一系列坏行为，最后加以总D。AA。G考查语义衔接。选项前面一句话翻译为“这不是技术第一次改变我们的礼仪行为”，紧接着便进行举例说明通过后面发明者贝尔的例子可以判断G为正确答案故选择。C考查语义衔接。前文在智能机时代，我们没有理由再去询问一些可以自己找到答G。B考查语义衔接。进行举例论述，表示对比，与“somepeople”喜欢收到感谢信息，但是“others”比如“我”B。（45分第一节（201.530分Ihadastudenttodaywhogothisfingerstuckinsideatesttubeinscienceclass.Itwasreallyquitestuck.Thisyoungman'sfinger36togetwhiterandwhiterrightbeforemyeyes.Remaining37,Isuggestedhecarefullyrotate(转动)thetubeItwouldn’tmoveabit.He38soapandcoldwater.Stillstuck.Meanwhile39wasbreakingoutintheclass.Finally,I40theyoungmantooursecretary,whowasamiracle()worker41threekidsofherown.WithherinchargeIwas42allwouldbeTogetthestudentsbackinorder,I myownstoryofgetting stuckbetweentherailsofabalcony.Samekindofcuriosity,I thenhowfarIcouldthrust(塞)mykneebetweentherails.Inchbyinch,I andbeforeIknewit,mykneewasstuckand beforemyeyesandinfrontoflotsof atapopularLasVegasho!Hearingmystory,manystudentsfollowedwiththeirown ofheads,fingersstuckincestheyshouldn’t Afewminuteslater,theyoungmancameback,testtubeunbrokenandfinger_51 toalovelyshadeofpink.Ijustcouldn’t thiskid.He'sonlytwelve.Itoogotmykneeunstuck,butwithout

.Theexcuseforme,however,was

stupidity.Iwas fiftyyearsoldwhenthisA.used B.needed C.happened D.A.calm B.silent C.cheerful D.A.lost B.fetched C.tried D.A.fire B.chaos C. D.A.described B.carried C.introduced D.A.raising B.observing C.saving D.A.happy B.doubtful C.surprised D.A.shared B.wrote C.read D.A.head B.knee C.arm D.A.calculating B.exining C.wondering D.A.pushing B.lifting C.walking D.A.shaking B.climbing C.resting D.A.doctors B.strangers C.managers D.A.findings B.conclusions C.stories D.A.be B.exist C.stay D.A.pointing B.returning C.belonging D.A.getalongwith B.getridof C.getusedto D.getmadA.encouragement B.disappointment C.embarrassment D.A.ambition B.youth C.bravery D.A.intheend B.intotal C.afterall D.atany解析继续做某事，根据语意“这个男孩的手指持续变白”判断应选择DB考查名词辨析。根据上下文情景描述，在问题持续没有解决的同时，班级里的也D考查动词辨析。sendsb.tosp.把送到某地。根据语意我把他送到一位很有经验的A考查动词辨析。raise有“养育”的意思，此处意思为她自己独立抚养了三个孩子，来D考查形容词辨析。因为前文提到是有三个孩子，解决这类问题，所以作者对A考查动词辨析。根据语意，作者后面提到的是自己类似的经历，所以此处是故事C考查动词辨析和语意理解。由“Samekindofcuriosity,”可知作者想知道自己的腿可以B考查名词辨析和语意理解。故事发生在一个著名的拉斯维宾馆，人口流动性大，C考查名词辨析和语意理解。根据语意老师主动说出自己的尴尬经历后，学生们也纷纷Cstory。Athat的定语从句，还原的话是“heads,arms,fingersshouldn’tbeinthoseces”。Dget短语的考查，getalongwith相处，getridof逃避，getusedto习惯于，getmadat对或某事生气，根据语境，后一句“He'sonlytwelve.”表示同情，A。C考查名词辨析和语意理解。notwithout表示肯定，我把我的腿出来的过程充满了B考查名词辨析和上下文衔接。上文提到学生因为年轻做这样的事情有情可原，但是我C考查短语辨析。intheend在末尾，intotal总计，afterall毕竟，atanyrate无论如何，50岁了。第三部分语言运用（45分）第二节（101.515分TheCaffeineCaffeineachemicaltypicallyfoundincoffeehascausedalotofconcernbecauseitisoneofthefewdrugsthatshowupregularlyinourfoodsupplyYouprobably56(use)caffeinesincechildhood.Caffeine57(be)inyourfirstCoke.IfyoueverenjoyedachocolatebaryouatecaffeineSoftdrinksarethemajorsource来源ofcaffeineformostchildrenandevensomeadults.58recent),caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.Smallamountsofcaffeine---acup59twoofcoffeeadayseemsafeformostpeople.However,somepeoplehavetroublewithevensmallamounts.Onecupofcoffee60thelateafternoonoreveningwillcause61(they)tostayawakealmostallnight.Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem62(call)caffeinism.Yougetverynervousandyoucan’tsleep.Itispossible63caffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans,too.Oneshowedthat64(woman)whodrankalotofcoffeelikeeightormorecupsperday,whiletheywerepregnantweremorelikely65(have)childrenwithbirthdefects.haveused/havebeenusingsincechildhood可判断出来表示从儿童时期到现在都在摄入，所以应用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，即haveused/havebeenusing。was考查动词的时态。根据句意当你喝第一杯可乐的时候，已经存在其中，这里was。Recently考查副词。根据句意最近已经被添加到橙汁，苹果汁和其他口味的饮料Recently，注意句首字母要大写。ororinthem保持清醒，此句中缺少宾语成分，故人称代词需转换为宾格形式themcalled作定语，与problem为关系，故用过去分词calledthat考查从句连词。此处是宾语从句，从句式上判断从句部分是陈述句转换过来的，故that。tohavebelikelytodosth.,to第一节应用文写作(15分假定你是，乘坐FL753航班抵达伦敦后发现钱包遗失。请给航空公司写一封邮件。80左右⑴Opening:Useful①I’mwritingtoaskfora②Iwouldappreciateitifyoucoulddomea③Iwouldbegratefulifyoucouldgivemesomehelp/⑵Body:进一步叙述问题,Useful①Ihavetrouble/difficulty/problemsinng②Ifinditextremelyhardformetodo③I’msorryforanyinconveniencethatI’vecaused,but…⑶End:告知及表达感谢Useful①Youcancallmeat ②Pleasecontactmeat…without③I’msincerelygratefulforyourOnePossibleDearSir/I’mLiHua.ItooktheflightFL753toLondononDecember7,2018,butIarrivedtofindthatmywallethadbeenmissing.IguessmaybeIleftitonthene,soI‘mwritingtorequestafavortofinditback.Mywalletisasmallblackonewithsomealthingsinit,whichincludesmyIDcard,mypassport,200RMBandseveralcoins.It’sapreciousbirthdaygiftfrommyparents,andIwillbesincerelygratefulifyoucanhelp.Pleasecontactmeat orcallmeat12688546973.Thanksforyourhelp,andreallysorryfortheinconvenienceI’vecaused.Lookforw