综合教程 第二册 教学课件 熊选琴 刘重霄 2-U8

Unit8TextAWalkYourWaytoBetterHealthTextB

ProtectingYourSkin

[背景知识][课文][生词][生词讲解][参考译文][习题答案][课文][生词][生词讲解][参考译文][习题答案][对话]TextA:WalkYourWaytoBetterHealth

Mostpeopleknowthatexerciseisgoodforthem,yetnoteveryonecangettherecommendedamountofexerciseeachday.What'sworseisthatmanyarealmostcompletelysedentary,andthiscanleadtoanumberofdiseases,suchasobesity,diabetesandheartdiseases.Oneofthebiggestobstaclesfacingsomeonewhohasn'texercisedinsometimeishowtogetstarted.Thethoughtofstartinganexerciseprogramcanbeintimidatingforthosewantingtoimprovetheirhealth.Theymayhaveneitherthetimenorthemoneytogotogyms,soitisdifficultforthemtofindagoodwaytoexercise.Isitreallythatdifficult?Theansweris“No”,becauseanyonecantakeupwalkinganditisaneasywaytogetstarted.Walkingisaveryeffectivewaytoexercisethewholebody.Itisverylow-impactsoitiseasyonthejoints,andhumanshavebeengettingexercisethiswayforthousandsofyears.Mostpeoplefinditissimple,enjoyable,andeasytofitawalkintotheirday.课文

Itisalsooneofthemostcost-effectivewaystogetexerciseasitdoesnotrequiremuchtrainingand,theonlyequipmentneeded,isagoodpairofwalkingshoes.Youcanwalkjustaboutanywhereandyoucandoitanytime.Sowhatmakeswalkingaworkout?Thisdependsonyourinitialfitnesslevel.Ifyouarestartingoutinpoorshape,slow-pacedwalkingwillproducebenefits,butifyouarestartingoutinbettercondition,youwillneedtowalkfasterand/orfarthertoseeanyresults.Regardlessofyourstartinglevel,themorevigorousyourwalkingpace,themoredramaticwillbetheconditioningeffects.Whenwalkingforexercise,youshouldwalkatasteadypacethatisfastenoughtocauseyourheartratetoincrease.Studieshavefoundthatwalkingregularlyoveralongperiodoftimecanreducetheriskofstroke,diabetesandheartdisease,anditisusefulintreatingarthritis,highbloodpressureand,sometimes,depression.Studieshaveevenfoundthatitburnsthesameamountofcaloriesperhourasrunningand,itisnotasstrenuousonthebody.Inadditiontophysicalfitness,walkingcanalsoprovidepsychologicalbenefits.Manywalkerssaytheyfeelbetter,sleepbetterandhaveabetteroutlookoverallaftertheystarttheirwalkingprogram.Youshouldalwaysdosomelightstretchingbeforeandafteryourwalk.Thiswilllessenyourriskofinjuries,keepmuscleachestoaminimumandovertimewillimproveyourflexibility.Whenyouwalk,it'simportanttokeepyourheadup,yourbackstraightandyourshouldersandarmsrelaxed.Thelengthofyourstrideshouldbelongbutnotuncomfortable,andmakesureyouarebreathingdeeply.Ifyoufindthatyouarehavingtroublestickingtoyourprogram,considerkeepingadailywalkinglog.Keepingtrackofthedistanceandtime,foreachwalkwillgiveyouanideaofwheretosetagoaltoworktoward.Anotheroptionistowalkwithsomeonesothetwoofyoucanmotivateeachotherandcatchuponconversationatthesametime.Theonlyconcernwithwalkingisthatonceyougetinshape,you'llneedtowalkformorethantwohourstoachievesignificanthealthbenefits.Onceyoureachthatpoint,itmaybewisetochooseamorevigorousactivity,suchasjogging,orusinganellipticalmachine.But,don'tletthatstopyou—simplygrabyourwalkingshoesandheadoutsideforabriskwalk.

(608words)NewWords*sedentarya.坐着的；（惯于）久坐的*obesityn.过度肥胖；肥胖症*diabetesn.糖尿病；多尿症*intimidatev.威胁；恐吓

jointn.关节；连接处*cost-effectivea.有成本效率的;节省成本的

equipmentn.装备,设备,器材

workoutn.(体育)锻炼*vigorousa.朝气蓬勃的；精力充沛的*arthritisn.关节炎*calorien.卡（热量单位）*strenuousa.使劲的；紧张的

psychologicala.心理（上）的

stretchv.伸展；伸张；展开

lessenv.减少；减轻生词

minimumn.最小值,最小化

flexibilityn.柔（韧）性；灵活性

relaxeda.放松的，不拘束的*striden.大步；阔步

logn.测程仪；计程仪

optionn.选择

jogv.慢走；缓步前进*ellipticala.椭圆的；椭圆形的

briska.活跃的；轻快的PhrasesandExpressionswhat'sworse更糟糕的是

takeup开始从事；继续

regardlessof不管；不顾

stickto坚持

catchuponsth.用额外时间做某事

(以弥补所耽误的时间)1.SubhealthState亚健康状态亚健康，也叫第三状态或者灰色状态，是指处于健康与生理疾病之间的一种状态。它是由于人们在每天生活中所受的各种压力引起的。世界健康组织的一项调查表明，处于亚健康状态的人群中有超过45%的是中老年人。而对于那些身居要职的管理者或临近考试的学生，其比率则更高。针对这种情况，医疗专家提供各种建议，以帮助人们减轻痛苦。比如，有规律地进行体育锻炼，并且经常参加户外活动；饮食方面，少吃盐和糖，多吃新鲜蔬菜水果，多吃鱼，另外，每餐不应吃太多，因为均衡饮食也有利于防止亚健康的产生。2.UsefulSentences教教你常用生活语句1）Anyhow,lifemeansmuchmorethanjustwork.无论如何，生活的意义并不只是工作。2）I'msotired.Ican'tseestraight.我累死了，头昏眼花的。3）Ihopethepressureisoffyousoon.希望你的压力尽快缓解些。4）I'mnowonadiet.我正在减肥。5）Somegirlsareafraidthatcertainsportsmayruintheirfigures.有些女孩子害怕某些运动会毁坏她们的体型。6）Let'sgotoFitnessCentertolearndancing.咱们去健身中心学跳舞吧。背景知识1.equipment

n.［U］thetools,machines,clothes，etc.thatoneneedstodoaparticularjoboractivity装备,设备,器材［例句］somebrandnewcomputerequipment一些崭新的电脑设备averyusefulpieceofequipment一件很有用的设备Therearesomeshopssellingcampingequipment.有几家卖野营物品的商店。Ourschoolhasbeengivensomenewequipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。Youshouldcheckallyourelectricalequipmentregularly.你应经常检查电力设备。生词讲解2.vigorousa.strong,energetic,andactiveinmindorbody精力充沛的，头脑或身体强壮的，有活力的，活泼的［例句］IusedtotravelmorewhenIwasyoungandvigorous.比起现在，我年轻时精力充沛，经常旅行。Vigorouseffortsarebeingmadetofindasolutiontotheproblem.人们干劲十足,想找到解决问题的办法。［派生词］vigorn.精力；活力Hebeganworkingwithrenewedvigor.他又充满活力地工作起来。3.psychologicala.relatingtowhatisinsomeone'smindratherthanwhatisreal心理（上）的［例句］Maxsayshe'sill,butI'msureit'spsychological.马克斯说他病了，但我肯定那是心病。Sheworkswithchildrenwhohavepsychologicalproblems.她的工作是和那些有心理疾病的孩子们在一起。［派生词］psychologicallyad.心理上地,心理学地psychologicallydisturbedchildren内心受到困扰的孩子psychologyn.心理学criminalpsychology犯罪心理学Theprofessorisaspecialistofstudyingacriminal'spsychology.这位教授是位研究罪犯心理的专家。4.stretch

v.toextend(oneselforone'slimbs,forexample)tofulllength;toextend(oneself)whenlyingdown舒展（例如自身或身体关节）至最大程度;伸展，伸长（身体或四肢）［例句］Shestretchedherselfoutonthecouchandfellasleep.她伸躺在沙发椅上睡着了。Istretchedoutmyhandtowardsthebook.我把手伸向这本书。Hestretchedandflexedhiskneestorelaxhimself.他伸屈膝关节使自己放松一下。n.theactofstretchingorthestateofbeingstretched伸展的动作或被伸长的状态［例句］Theskiinstructorshowedussomespecialstretches.滑雪教练向我们展示了一些特殊的伸展动作。［短语搭配］stretch(one's)legs散步(尤指在长坐一段时间后)Wedrovethereinthreehours,includingacoupleofstopstostretchourlegs.我们开车3小时到达那里，中途曾几次下车走一走，活动活动。5.lessenv.tobecomesmallerinsize,importance,orvalue,ormakesomethingdothis使变小；使减少［例句］Thenewprojectwilllessentheeffectsofcarpollution.新的设计将减少汽车污染的影响。Graduallyheranxietylessened.慢慢地，她变得越来越不着急了。6.minimumn./a.thesmallestamountofsomethingornumberofthingsthatispossibleornecessary最小量（的）；最小数（的）；最低限度（的）［例句］Youmustgetaminimumof40questionsrighttopasstheexamination.你最少必须答对40道题才能通过考试。Theminimumpassmarkintheexaminationis60outof100.考试的最低及格分数是100分中答对60分。［反义词］maximumn./a.最大量（的）Themaximumloadforthistruckistenton.这辆卡车最大载重量是10吨。Icanswimamaximumof1mile.我最远能游一英里。7.flexibilityn.theabilitytobendorbebenteasily弹性;柔韧性；灵活性［例句］Stretchingexerciseswillhelpyourflexibility.伸展运动有助于保持你身体的灵活性。8.relaxeda.feelingcalm,comfortable,andnotworriedorannoyed轻松的；不拘束的［例句］Gailwaslyinginthesunlookingveryrelaxedandhappy.盖尔躺着，沐浴着阳光，显得非常轻松、愉快。There'saveryrelaxedatmosphereintheschool.在学校里有轻松的氛围。［短语搭配］berelaxedaboutsth.对······感到轻松IfeelmorerelaxedaboutmycareerthanIusedto.对我的职业，我比原来感到轻松了。9.optionn.achoiceonecanmakeinaparticularsituation选择(权)［例句］Therearethreeoptionsopentousinthatmatter.在这个问题上我们有3个选择的可能。Thegovernmenthastwooptions,toreducespendingortoincreasetaxes.政府只有两种选择：不是削减开支，便是增加税收。10.catchupon

tospendtimefindingoutwhathasbeenhappeningwhileonehasbeenawayorduringthetimeonehasnotseensomeone用额外时间做某事（以弥补所耽误的时间）；toacquirebelatedinformationaboutsth.事后得到关于······的消息；todowhatneedstobedonebecauseonehasnotbeenabletodoituntilnow追上，赶上；弥补［例句］ThefirstthingIdidwhenIgothomewastophoneupJoeandcatchuponallthegossip.我回家后的第一件事就是给乔打电话,聊了会儿。I'llleaveyoutwoalone——I'msureyou'vegotalotofcatchingup（作为名词）todo.我让你们单独在一起——我肯定你们有很多没做的事要做。Ihavesomeworktocatchupon.我要补做一些工作。Ineedtocatchuponsomesleep(afteraperiodwithoutenoughsleep).我要补些觉（长时间来一直没有睡够觉）。走出好身体

大多数人都知道锻炼对身体有好处，但并不是每个人都能达到专家所建议的每天应达到的运动量。更糟糕的是，许多人是惯于久坐的，这能导致许多疾病的发生，如过度肥胖、糖尿病以及心脏病等。对于那些每天没有抽出一定的时间进行锻炼的人来说，他们面临的最大障碍之一是怎样开始锻炼。那些想提高身体素质的人一想到要开始一个锻炼项目就害怕。他们也许既没钱也没有时间去体育馆。因此，要找到一种合适的方法进行锻炼对他们来说很困难。真的有那么困难吗？答案当然是否定的。因为任何人都可以开始走路，这是一种简单的开始锻炼的方法。走路是一种有效的使全身得到锻炼的方式。它对身体的冲击力不大，因此关节活动起来也容易。人类用此方式进行锻炼已有几千年了。大多数人认为走路是轻松愉快的，而且每天都走走路也是很容易做到的。走路也是锻炼身体最有成本效益的方式之一。因为走路不需要什么训练，唯一需要的就是一双好的行走时穿的鞋。你可以到处走，什么时候走都可以。参考译文那么，走路能怎样锻炼身体呢？这要取决于你最初的健康水平。如果开始走路时你的身体不好，慢走就对你有好处。但如果你的身体很好，就应快些走，或走得远些才能见效。不管开始时你的身体处于何种状态，你的步子迈得越有力，你收到的效果就越明显。如果走路的目的是锻炼身体，那么你的步行速度应该达到是使心脏跳动加快的速度。研究表明，坚持长时间行走一段时间后能够降低中风、糖尿病以及心脏病的发病风险，而且对于治疗关节炎、高血压，有时精神忧郁症都是很有用处的。研究还发现，每小时走路所消耗的热量大卡与跑步所消耗的是相同的，但走路不会使身体感到太紧张。走路除了能使身体舒适，还可以给人们的心理带来益处。许多走路者说他们自开始练走路以来感觉好多了，觉也睡得好多了，而且整个身体状况都得到了改善。在进行走路运动之前和做完走路运动之后都应做些适量的伸展运动，这样可以减少你受伤的风险，使肌肉的疼痛降到最低，而且随着时间的推移，使你变得更灵活。你在行走时要抬头、挺胸，手臂和肩膀要放松，这是很重要的。迈出的步子要大，但不应有不舒适的感觉，而且一定要做深呼吸。如果你发现坚持走路有困难，那就应考虑每天作记录。记下所走的距离以及所花费的时间，因为每次走路都会使你想起在哪儿定下为之努力的目标。还有一种方法就是和别人一起走，这样可以互相鼓励，还可以边走边聊。关于走路这一锻炼形式，唯一需要注意的是，你一旦有了好的体形，就需坚持每天走两小时以上来保持已取得的良好的效果。目标一旦达到，你就应选择更有活力的运动，比如，慢跑或使用椭圆形的健身机。不要因为目标达到了就停止运动——穿起你的走路鞋，到户外轻松走一圈。

TextComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestions.1.Walking.2.Howtogetstarted.3.Itdoesnotrequiremuchtrainingandtheonlyequipmentneededisagoodpairofwalkingshoes.4.Weshoulddosomelightstretchingbeforeandafterwalking.5.Weshouldconsiderkeepingadailywalkinglog.习题答案Vocabulary1.Fillintheblankswithwordsorphraseschosenfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.1)leadto2)physical3)amount4)caughtup5)provides6)dependson7)toreduce8)steady9)effective10)impact2.Completethefollowingsentences,usingthewordsorphrasesinbrackets.Makeadditionsorchangeswherenecessary.1)increase，amount，beingdone2)Toimprove，need，strengthened3)important，makesure，as，becomesStructure1.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.1)regardlessoftheweather2)regardlessofrace,religionorsex3)regardlessoflocalopposition4)regardlessofpopulation5)Regardlessofdanger2.Changethefollowingsentencesbyusingtheexpression“havetroubledoingsth.”.1)Ihavetroublereadingherhandwriting.2)Shehadalotoftroubleexplainingtoherhusbandwherethemoneyhadgone.3)Hewashavingserioustroubleknowingwheretostart.4)I'vebeenhavingtroublecheckingmye-mail.5)Wehadnotroublefindingtheaddress.TranslationTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingwordsorexpressionsfromthetext.1)What'sworse,Iforgothisname.2)There'snodoubtthatstresscanleadtophysicalillness.3)Sometimeswegotothecinemaandatothertimeswegoforawalk.4)Ourdifficultiesareincreasing.5)Treatmentwilllessenthepain.6)Helookedbehindhimtomakesurethathewasnotbeingfollowed.7)Itisimpossibletoachievesuccesswithoutefforts.8)Chinaexportsmorethan3000kindsoftraditionalhandicrafts.Grammar1.Fillintheblankswithpastparticiples.1)disappointed2)published3)translated4)Given5)Heated6)injured7)invited8)scared9)hasgone10)Havingbeenworn11)repaired12)bedelivered13)added14)lit/lighted15)Taught2.CorrectthewrongsentencesmarkedwithA,B,C,andD.1)Ddisappointing2)Cis3)Aspent4)Arecovered5)Ctopass6)Cdistinguished7)Cbelonging8)Ameasures9)Bconcerned10)BbeestablishedWordBuildingAddthesuffixes-ingand-edtothefollowingverbstochangethemintoadjectives.improving/improvedestablishing/establishedinforming/informedexpecting/expectedrepairing/repairedproducing/producededucating/educatedachieving/achievedpreferring/preferredcorrecting/correctedSupplementaryExercisesConfusableWordsCompletethefollowingsentences.1.answer/reply/respond1)respond2)answer3)replied2.cry/shout/scream1)cried2)shouted3)screamPrepositionsandAdverbsFillintheblankswithproperprepositionsoradverbs.1.off2.with3.of4.up5.on6.out7.in8.to9.for10.downCloze1.C2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.B8.D9.C10.A11.A12.C13.A14.C15.BTextB:ProtectingYourSkin

Theskinisoftenthefirstpartofthebodywhereyounoticesignsofageing.Lookingafteryourskinisimportantnotjustforyourappearance:ahealthyskinindicatesahealthybody.Ageingoccursinyourskinjustasmuchasitdoesinanyotherpartofyourbody,buttheskinmayappeartoagefaster,becauseitissoexposedtoexternalpollutantsandstresses.(1)Collagen

fiberswithinthedermiskeeptheskinsmoothandtaut.Overtimethesefibersdecreaseinnumber,andthoseremainingbecometwisted,hardenedandboundtogether.Itisthoughtthatthisoccursbecauseofinternalandexternalfreeradicaldamage.Oncethecollagenfibershavehardened,theskintendstosagandwrinkle,especiallyinareaswhereyourexpressionsarehabitual—suchasacreaseinyourforeheadoraroundyourmouth.(2)Toguardagainstfreeradicaldamage,eatadietrichinantioxidants(vitaminsA,C,E,andthetraceelementselenium).Otherfactorsthatwillinfluencewrinklingaresmoking,exposuretoairpollutionandconsumingexcessiveamountsofalcohol.Thesewillimpairyourskin'selasticityaswellasitsabilitytoholdwater.Itisthereforeimportanttoeliminateorcutdownyourexposuretothesepollutants.课文Perhaps,themosteffectiveanti-wrinklemeasureyoucantakeistostayoutofthesun.Itisnowproventhatsunshinecauses90percentofallvisibleskinageing.Thesungivesofftwotypesofraysandbothofthesecausedamage.UVAraysgodeepbeneaththeskin,weakeningthecollagenfibersandcausingwrinkles.(3)UVBrayscauseburningontheskin'ssurfaceand,overtheyears,willcausetheskintolookleathery.Theseraysalsomakeyoufarmoresusceptibletoskincancer.Althoughtosomeextent,sundamageisirreversible,itisnevertoolatetobegintakingmeasurestoprotectyourskin.(4)Skinisveryresilientandwillbegintohealitselfthemomentcareistaken.Youshouldprotectyourselfallyearroundfromthesun—UVAraysarejustaspenetrativeinthewinterastheyareinthesummer.Itisalsoveryimportanttomakesurethatyourskinhasenoughmoisture,aswrinklescanformiftheskinbecomesdry.(5)Olderpeopleloseliquidfasterthanyoungerpeople.Maintainingadequatewatercontentwillhelpkeeptheskinsuppleandfreshlooking.Todothis,itisessentialtodrinkenoughfluids.Theskinisconstantlylosingmoisturetotheairandthiscanamounttoasmuchas2litersaday.Iftoomuchmoistureislost,itcanleadtocracking,flakingandsometimesevenchapping.Somecosmetics,airbornepollutants,hightemperature,andhumiditycanaffectwaterloss.Regularmoisturizingtomaintainthewaterbalanceandconsistentcareofyourskinwillhelpthecellstofullyregeneratesothattheskincanfunctionproperly.(484words)

NewWordsandPhrases

beexposedto遭受,暴露于

pollutantn.污染物质*collagenn(生化)骨胶原；胶原蛋白

fibern.纤维*dermisn.真皮；皮肤*tauta.绷紧的；整洁的

twisteda.扭曲的

internala.内在的,内部的

externala.外部的,表面的*radicala.根本的,基本的,激进的*sagvi.松垂；下垂*wrinklev.起皱；皱起来

habituala.惯常的；习惯的*creasen.折缝,折痕生词

guardagainst提防,预防*antioxidantn.（化）抗氧化剂

vitaminn.维他命,维生素

tracen.痕迹,踪迹*seleniumn.（化）硒

pollutionn.污染,玷污

excessivea.过多的；过分的

alcoholn.酒精；乙醇*impairvt.损伤；损害

elasticityn.弹力；弹性*eliminatevt.排除；消除

cutdown削减

visiblea.看得见的,明显的,显著的

leatheryn.似皮革的;坚韧的*susceptiblea.易受影响的；敏感的

tosomeextent在某种程度上*irreversiblea.不可逆转的；不可改变的*resilienta.有回弹力的；有弹性的*healv.治愈,医治

penetrativea.穿透的；渗透的

moisturen.湿度；水分；含水量*supplea.柔软的,顺从的

essentiala.本质的,基本的

fluidn.液体；流质

crackv.(使)破裂,起裂纹*flakev.使成薄片,剥落*chapvi.变粗糙；（使皮肤）皱裂*cosmeticn.化妆品

humidityn.湿气；湿度

consistenta.一致的,调和的1.beexposedto

暴露于······;无掩蔽［例句］Theycanread,watchtelevision,orsnackwhiletheyareexposedtothelight.他们在灯光下可以读书、看电视或吃零食。2.internala.insidesomethingratherthanoutside内在的；内部的［例句］They‘vebrokendownacoupleofinternalwalls.他们把两个内墙给拆除了。3.externala.relatingtotheoutsideofsomethingorofaperson'sbody外部的；外面的［例句］theexternalwallsofahouse一座房屋的外墙Theskinisthebody'sexternalorgan.皮肤是人体表层的器官。Externalcausesbecomeoperativethroughinternalcauses.外因通过内因而起作用。Thismedicineisforexternaluseonly,notfordrinking.此药只供外用,不可内服。生词讲解4.guardagainst

topreventsomethingfromhappening提防,预防［例句］Exercisecanguardagainstanumberofillnesses.锻炼可以预防多种疾病。5.excessive

a.muchmorethanreasonableornecessary过多的,过分的［例句］excessivespeed超速excessivedrinking酗酒Thefoodwasbadandthebillwasexcessiveinthisrestaurant.这家餐馆饭菜很糟,但价钱又很贵。6.cutdown

toreducetheamountofsomething削减［例句］Installingdouble-glazingwillcutdownthenoisefromtraffic.安装双层玻璃可以减少车辆的噪音。7.surfacen.theoutsideortoplayerofsomething表面［例句］Glasshasasmoothsurface.玻璃有光滑的表面。Thetablehadashinysurface,butunderneathitwasdullandrough.这张桌子的表面很光亮，可是它的底下却很粗糙。Theroadsurfacestendtobeworseinthetownsthaninthecountry.这个城市道路的路面要比乡村的路面糟糕。8.to...extent

usedtosayhowtruesomethingisorhowgreataneffectorchangeis某种程度上,(多少)有一点［例句］Wealltosomeextentrememberthegoodtimesandforgetthebad.我们在某种程度上都记得好时光，而不记得令人不愉快的时光。Itssuccesswilldependtoalargeextentonlocalattitudes.它的成功在很大程度上取决于地方的态度。9.essentiala.constitutingorbeingpartoftheessenceofsomething;inherent；basicorindispensable;necessary本质的；固有的；基本的或不可缺少的；绝对必要的［例句］Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweenthesetwoeconomicsystems?这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?Hermostessentialqualityiskindness.她最主要的品质是厚道。Foodisessentialtolife.食物是维持生命不可或缺的。Itisessentialforustotrytodecidewhethertelevisionisablessingoracurse.我们有必要来评断电视到底是福还是祸。Itisessentialthatpeople(should)behonestandtrustworthy.诚实、可靠是人们必不可少的。10.crack

v.tobreakorsnapapart(使)破裂,裂纹［例句］Themirrorcracked.镜子破了。Thevasecrackedwhenitdropped.花瓶掉下时打碎了。保护你的皮肤

当你注意到你的身体出现老化的迹象时，皮肤经常是最早出现变化的。保护皮肤不仅对你的外表很重要，而且健康的皮肤标志着健康的身体。老化发生在皮肤上，同样也发生在身体的其他部位。但皮肤的老化可能显得更快些，因为它暴露在外面的污染物和压力中。真皮中的胶原纤维使皮肤平滑有弹性。时间长了，这些纤维的数量就会减少，而且那些留下来的纤维也会扭曲、变硬，还凝固在一起。人们认为出现这是由于身体内部和外部受到的损害所至。一旦胶原纤维僵硬了，皮肤就会下垂,并出现皱纹，尤其是在那些你习惯做表情的地方——如，前额或嘴唇周围。为了防止伤害，吃些抗氧化物含量高的食品（维生素A、C、E以及微量元素硒）。其他使皮肤起皱的因素还有：吸烟、暴露在空气污染中和过量饮酒。这些都损害皮肤的弹性，使皮肤不能保持水分。因此，消除或减少对污染物的接触是很重要的。参考译文也许你能够采取的最有效的抗皱措施是远离太阳。日晒可导致90%的皮肤明显老化，这一说法已经得到证实。太阳放出两种射线，这两种射线都是有害的。紫外线A(长波紫外线)深深射入皮肤当中，削弱胶原纤维并使皮肤起皱。紫外线B(短波紫外线)使皮肤表面干枯，而且随着时间的推移，使皮肤看上去很坚硬。这些射线使人患上皮癌的机遇大大增加。虽然在某种程度上，太阳的损害是不可抗拒的，但采取措施保护皮肤是不分时间先后的。皮肤是很有弹性的，而且自保护措施开始实施，皮肤就可以得到改善。你应一年四季都使皮肤免遭太阳的损害——紫外线的穿透力在冬天和夏天是相同的。确保你的皮肤足够湿润也是很重要的。如果皮肤干燥，皱纹就会产生。年龄较大的人丢失水分要比年轻人快得多。在体内保持足够的水分有助于皮肤柔软，看上去有新鲜感。要做到这一点，最基本的就是要喝够水。皮肤中的水分不断在空气中丢失，其消耗量甚至可多达每天2公升。如果丢失的水分太多，就会导致皮肤干裂、掉屑、甚至裂开。一些化妆品、空气中的污染物、高温，以及潮湿都会对水分的丢失产生影响。不断保持潮湿以使体内的水分平衡，不断呵护皮肤都会使细胞充分再生，这样可以使皮肤的功能保持正常。TextComprehension1.Choosethebestanswerforeachofthefollowingquestions.1)A2)C3)D4)A5)B2.TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthepassageintoChinese.1)老化发生在皮肤上，同样也发生在身体的其他部位。但皮肤的老化可能显得更快些，因为它暴露在外面的污染物和压力中。2)一旦胶原纤维僵硬了，皮肤就会下垂,并出现皱纹，尤其是在那些你习惯做表情的地方——如，前额或嘴唇周围。3)太阳放出两种射线，这两种射线都是有害的。紫外线A(长波紫外线)深深射入皮肤当中，削弱胶原纤维并使皮肤起皱。紫外线