第十五讲--名词

第十五讲__-名词名词在高考取，语法填空和短文改错要点考察名词的单复数、不行数名词、名词与其余词类的词性转变、主谓一致等。名词的考点概括考点一可数名词的数可数名词单数变复数的变化规则：此处略去500字考点二不行数名词（一）一般说来，抽象名词为不行数名词eg:advice,knowledge,information,love,time,work(工作),luck,help,success,courage,progress,freedom,luggage,housework,homework,fun,weather,anger等（二）物质名词往常为不行数名词eg:water,air,tea,coffee,oil,soup,milk,rain,meat,hair,sugar（三）抽象名词详细化后，有单复数的变化拥有某种特征、状态、特色、感情、情绪的人或事，详细指特定的某一件事时，这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty困难；adifficulty一件难事(2)failure失败；afailure一位失败者，一件失败的事(3)knowledge知识；agoodknowledgeof丰富的知识(4)success成功；asuccess一位成功者，一件成功的事(5)surprise诧异；asurprise一件令人惊讶的事(6)honour荣誉；anhonour一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事温馨提示：可数名词不行数名词可数名词不行数名词工作jobworklife生命（性命）生活（常作[U]）建议suggestionadviceexercise练习，眼操运动采纳举措takemeasurestakeactionexperience经历经验考点三名词与其余词类的词形变化名词后缀-age

意义例词抽象名词后缀，表示行为、状态、use—usage用途short—shortage缺少结果或总称marry—marriage婚姻pack—package包裹-ance，抽象名词后缀，表示性质、状态、行为、过程-ence

accept-acceptance接受perform—performance表演exist—existence存在occur—occurrence发生differ—difference不一样expect—expectancy期望end—tendency趋势，趋势-ancy，抽象名词后缀，表示性质和状态emergent—emergency紧迫状况-encyfluent—fluency流畅；流畅-dom表示状况或状态free—freedom自由wise—wisdom智慧-er，表示“······人，receive—receiver接受者，听筒carry—carrier携带者begin—beginner初学者-or····者”direct—director主任operate—operator操作者组成人称名词，表示“精technique—technician技术员,-ian通···的人”magic-magician魔术师第十五讲__-名词-ness组成抽象名词happy-happiness,lazy-laziness,tired-tiredness-ication-ics-ion,

由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常classify—classification分类义为“······化”communicate—communication沟通表示“······学科”economic—economics经济学由动词组成的名词，表示行为的produce—production生产solute—solution解决方法过程、organize—organization组织；机构-ation,construct—construction建设describe—description结果、状况，意为“······行为；描绘direct—direction方向-ition···状态”hesitate—hesitation踌躇compete—competition竞争组成人称名词，表示“从-ist事···研究者；崇奉···主义special—specialist专家piano—pianist钢琴家者”-ity/ty抽象名词后缀，表示性质responsible—responsibility责任similar—similarity相像考点四名词全部格名词全部格表示所属关系，表“...的”（一）’s全部格(单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词加’s，以-s结尾的复数名词加’)1.表有生命名词的全部格eg:theboy’sbooks,theboys’books,thechildren’sbooks2.表国家、机构、时间、距离等无生命的名词eg:today’snewspaper,theworld’spopulation,fiveminutes3.表某人的家或商铺eg:WewenttoLucy’sfordinner.（二）of全部格表无生命名词的全部格eg:thecoverofthebook,theendoftheroad（三）两重全部格两重全部格的名词往常是有生命的eg:afriendofmybrother’s,afriendofmine【注】带词尾-s的单数名词，往常仍加-’s：theboss’splan老板的计划thehostess’sworry女主人的担忧带词尾-s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’)：Dickens’novels狄更斯的小说Charles’sjob查理斯的工作考点五名词与主谓一致注意：集体名词(若视为整体，表示单数意义；若family(家庭;家人),team(队;队员),class(班;班级重申其个体成员，表示复数意义。)学生),audience(听众)复数形式单数意义，谓语动词用单数physics,politics,news单数形式复数意义，谓语动词常用复数people;police;public只有复数形式，表示复数意义，谓语动词goods(货物),clothes(衣服)，trousers,也用复数glasses,scissors(剪刀)集训：1.Hisfamily(be)well-knowninthetowninthepast.2.Hisfamily(be)waitingforhimnow.3.There(be)manypeopleatyesterday’smeeting.4.Where(be)myglasses？/5.Nonews(be)goodnews.6Thismeans(work).Thesemeansall(work).7.Thepolice(search)forthesuspectthesedays./8.Theseclothes(wash)well.集训：1--6wasarewereareisworkworksaresearchingwash第十五讲__-名词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof(achieve)2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.3.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellings(土坯房）admirableistheir(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.4.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,theotheriswithmum-sheneversuspects.5.Anysmellmightattractnatural______(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.6.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess（be）asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachday.单句改错（2014年全国卷1）Thecherrytomatoes(圣女果)aresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.(2016全国卷1)Therestaurantisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.(2016全国卷)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.4.(2016全国卷3)Theteenageyearfrom13to19werethemostdifficulttimeforme.5.(2015全国卷2)Oneday,littleTonywenttoashoppingcenterwithhisbothparent....heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.6.(2011全国卷)WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelentmelotsofclothes.稳固练习：一、单句语法填空1.(2016全·国卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires，Asia’sbiggestbuilding，andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme，pandasareitstop________(attract).2.(2016全·国卷Ⅱ)Recent________(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.3.(2016淄·博高三二模)Helostallhis________(key)tothedoors，sohehadtogetthemopenedbyforce.4.(2016滕·州5月模拟)Forseveralweeks，Mrs.Edwardshopedtobeoneofthelucky________(housewife)likemanyofherfriends.5.(2016太·原模拟)Thelittleboyatesomany________(potato)andsomuchmeatthathethrewupatdawn.6.(2015全·国卷Ⅰ)I’dskippednearbyGuilin，adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese________(painting).7.(2015江·苏卷)Someschoolswillhavetomake________(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.8.(2015江·苏卷)—GoandsaysorrytoyourMom，Dave.—I’dliketo，butI’mafraidshewon’tbehappywithmyologize)(ap.9.(2015浙·江卷)Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreduce________(stressful)istotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.10.(2014全·国卷Ⅰ)Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation，formostofusthe________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork，likecleaningupapollutedriver.11.(2014辽·宁卷)Unbelievable！Oh...，ifyoudon’tmind，I’llstopandtakeadeep________(breathe).12.Therearetwenty-three________(man)teachersinourschool.13.[2014湖·南高考]Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruit第十五讲__-名词treesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.14.However,hisresignationwillneverstop___(teenagers)dreams.15.[2015安·徽合肥质检二]Sofar,almosteverypossiblemeans_________(try)toprovideaccommodationandmedicalrescueforthepeopleinthefloodstrikenarea.二、单句改错（每句一处错误）(2016浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren,myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslater.．(2016全国卷1)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.(2016山西二模)Wewereallmovedtotear.(2016成都二诊)What’sworse,thedriverinformations’mightbeunreliable.(2016湖北联考)Attheendof2002,therewere20millionsmobilephoneusers.(2016河南期中)Weshouldlearntotakeothersadvices’anddotherightthings.7.(2014全国卷2)Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.8.(2013全国卷2)Thismadeforthegrowintheporcelain(瓷器)industry.9.(2016天水一中)Buttheproblemisthattherearenotenoughsportsfacilitiestomeetthepublicgrowingdemand.10..(2015全国Ⅰ卷)Theairswebreatheinisgettingdirtieranddirtier.11.(2016湖北六校联考)Theyhopemanysuchactivitycanbeheldinthefuture.12.(2014辽宁高考)Finally,therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.13.(2007全国卷)IfirstmetLiMengatafriendbirthdaypartyfiveyearsago.14.（2016四川高考）Momhasafull-timejob,butshehastodomostofthehouseworks.(2016湖北联考)Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampwaslost,whichmademereallyupset.(2016广州一模)Butsoon,shecamebackwithabottleofpill.三、语篇填空：Robotsusedforhouseworkweretestedoutinsome1.(family).Tony，oneofthe2.(robot)，lookedlikeatallandhandsomemanwithsmoothblackhair，speakinginadeepvoice.Larrywasgoingtobeawayfromhome.Also，3.(curious)drovehimtohaveatryonsuchanewthing.SohehiredarobottoaccompanyhiswifeClaire.Clairedidn’tliketheideaatthe，buteginningsheagreedtoitatlast.AtthefirstsightofTony，Clairefeltembarrassed.Gradually，Tonybegantowinthe4.(hostess)trust.HehelpedClairerealizeherdreamsbymakingherhomeelegant，givingheranewhaircut，changingthem