初一5-8单元期末必备考点

fail失败；不及格；没能Failed(过去式)failtodo（动词原形）sth.没有成功….；未能..…这个老妪没有成功穿过马路。Theoldwomanfailedtowalk（walk）acrosstheroadjustnowFailsth（考试没有及格）Unluckily,theboyfailedherEnglishtest.too...todosth太…而不能....主语+be动词+too+形容词+to+动词原形(太….而不能…..)这男孩太矮了够不能够着苹果。Theboywastooshorttoreach(reach)theapple.Be+形容词主语+实义动词+too+副词+todosth他起得太晚了，没有赶上火车。Hegotuptoolatetocatch(catch)thetrain.副词修饰实义动词/形容词trytodosth=doone'sbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事我们尽力去挽救这个病人，但是没有成功。Wetriedourbesttosavethepatient,butfailed.=Wedidourbesttosavethepatient,butfailed.Trytodosth尽力去做某事Trydoingsth尝试…（新鲜事物）Haveatry试一试Francetriedtorebuiltthebuilding.法国尽力去重建这座建筑。Locked（形容词）锁着的Be动词+形容词（表示处于某种状态）Behappy快乐的Beopen开放的Beclosed关着的门锁了，我们进不去。Thefloor“ked,wecouldn'tentertheroom.Unlocked（形容词）开着的Theshopopensat9：00inthemorning（open时间点）Theshopisopenfrom2:00to9:00.（beopen一段时间）Theshopclosesat:9:00anditisclosedeveryafternoon.

双宾语动词givesbsth.=givesthtosb给某人某物…Showsbsth=Showsthtosb向某人展示…Makesbsth=Makesthforsb给某人做…Sendsb.sth=Sendsthtosb.给某人寄….；给某人发送…Buysb.Sth=Buysthforsb.给某人买…Bringsb.sth=bringsthtosb.给某人带….Please+动词原形Pleasebringyourbooktome.(bring)Pleasenot+动词原形请把垃圾带走。Pleasetakelitteraway.(take)Whynot+动词原形（为何不…）Whynotgoswimming?(go)Noticesbdosth（看见某人做了某事）（标志词：often；justnow）Noticesbdoingsth（看见某人正在做某事）（标志词：与when的从句连用）我经常看见小孩在公园里玩耍。IHHnnoticedtheboyplayinthepark.(play)我我刚才看见这个人进入了房间。Inoticedthemanentertheroomjustnow.(enter)Wheniwakedpasttheroad,Inoticedaboycrying.(cry)当我过马路时，看见一个小孩正在哭。类似用法：hear；watch；see

Can问肯定：can答否定：can't答Can----Could（过去式）Couldyoudancelastyear?Yes,icould.这里could是过去式，因为后面有lastyear.can't用在否定句中，表示否定推测（不可能是…）IsthatboyinredTom?穿红衣服的是Tom吗？Itcan'tbehim,hedoesn'tlikered.不可能是他，他不喜欢红色。Can用在肯定句中，表示能够….（有能力做某事）Wecanraisemoneyforchildreninpoorareas.Can+动词原形=6€ableto+动词原形Could（语气词，不是过去式，语气委婉位于句子开头）Could问：肯定：can答否定：can't答Couldyouhelpmecarrythebox?Yes,ican.判断could是过去式还是语气词，要看句子有没有过去时间标志词。Could作语气词，放在句子开头且没有过去时间标志词，不然则看作过去式。May问（语气更委婉）肯定：may/ofcourseyoucan否定：can't/mustn't（语气更严厉）You'dbetternot最好不要（语气委婉）

May用在肯定句表示可能；也许（表示不确定的推测）Hemaybeathome.他可能在家（也可能不在家。）Maybe（程度副词）或许；可能（位于句子开头）Maybeheisathome.Must问（必须；须要）肯定：must/haveto答否定：needn't/don'thaveto答（不必；不需要）Mustifinishitnow?我现在必须完成吗？--No,youneedn't.Youcandoittomorrow.不，不必，你可明天做Mustn't表示禁止，（语气严厉，触犯法规）Must用子肯定句表示肯定推测Hemustbeathome,becausethelightsareon.他一定在家，因为灯还亮着。Need（作实义动词）需要Needsb./sth需要某人、某物Needtodosth需要做某事don't/doesn't/didn'tneedtodosthWeneedtowork(work)hard.Hedoesn'tneedtoworkNeed（作情态动词）需要1.位于疑问句和否定句2.情态动词+动词原形Need问肯定：must/haveto答否定：needn't/don'thaveto答Heneedn'tcometoschool.他不需要来学校Needigohomenow?

No,youneedn'tCatchfire强调动作，起火了（刚刚点燃）Beonfire强调结果，着火了（正在燃烧）Thebuildingwasonfire.大楼着火了Thematchcaughtfire.火柴点燃了。Wemakeafiretokeepwarm.生火来取暖。Becarefulwithfire.小心火不定代词作主语，动词用三单形式Everyoneishere.Someoneisknockingonthedoor.形容词修饰不定代词要后置Somethingimportant.Somethingelse.指人NooneC没有人）Nooneknowshim.无人认识他Someone（某人=somebody（口语）有人；某人1.用在肯定句中Ineededsomeonetoanswerthequestion.Anyone=anybody（口语）任何人.用在疑问句中：Canyoufindanyonetofixit?.用在否定句中；Iwon'ttellanyone.我不会告诉任何人注意：anyone任何一个（指人或指物）常与of连用

Everyone=everybody（口语）人人；每人.用在肯定句中：Everyoneneedshelp。.用在否定句中：Thetestiseasy,butnoteveryonecanpassit.Noteveryone表示部分否定，不是每一个人。指物Something某物；某事.用在肯定句:IcantellyousomethingaboutChina..表示建议或请求时，用在一般疑问句Canihavesomethingtodrink?（表示请求）我可以喝点东西吗？Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?（表示建议）你要吃点东西吗？Anything（任何事；什么事）1，用在否定句中Wecan'tdoanything.2.用在疑问句中今天的报纸有什么特别的事吗？Isthereanythingspecialintoday’snewspaper?Everything（一切；所有；所有事）Moneyisnoteverything.钱不是一切、IseverythingOK?一切还好吗？Nothing（没有什么；没有一点）Thereisnothinginthefridge.冰箱里什么也没有。Ilistenedcarefullybutheardnothing.我仔细听力，什么也没听见

Weight（不可数名词）重量；体重Weigh（动词）重•.…间重量的三种表达Howheavyisthebaby?What'stheweightofthebaby?Howmuchdoesthebabyweigh?减肥：loseweight增肥：putonweightThegoldfishweighedupto10holograms.Lookafter=takecareof照顾....Lookafter...well=takegoodcareof.・・・.照顾好……Alone（副词）独自；独自一人Lonely（形容词）孤单的；寂寞的副词修饰动词感官动词/be动词+形容词Helivesalone.他独自一人住。Hefeelslonely.他感到孤单。Hewenthomealone.他独自回家。=Hewenthomebyhimself.=Hewenthomeonhisown.Alone=byoneself=onone'sownJ独自Attheageof+年龄=at+年龄=whensbwas+年龄（在某人多大时）Icoulddanceattheageoftwelve=Icoulddancewheniwastwelveyearsold.=Icoulddanceattwelve.

Don'thaveto=needn't+动词原形（不需要；不必。。）Hedidn'thavetocleanthehouse=Heneedn'tcleanthehouseFight（动词）战斗;打架；----fought（过去式）Fightfor….（为.…斗争；努力争取…）Fightwith..…（努力克制.…）Trouble（不可数名词）麻烦；困难；问题；费事Havetroubledoingsth做某事困难；ShehadtroublelearningEnglish.她学英语有困难。beintrouble惹麻烦；处于困境；将受惩罚Till=until（介词；多用于口语中；强调时间方面）一直；直到Iwilllookafterthemtill/untiltheend.我将一直照顾他们直到结束。难点：till不用再句子开头。Until可以用在句子开头。

形容词的排序：人称代词的排序：限定词（数量词）在最前美小圆旧黄法国木书房复数人称：1,23单数人称：2,3；1美：（描述性质）小；（尺寸大小）圆：（形状）旧：（新旧）黄：（颜色）法国：产地木：（材质）书：（用途）房：（被修饰的中心词）1：第一人称2：第二人称3：第三人称一只强壮的黑色的中国虎。AstrongblackChinesetigerWe,youandtheyarefriends.You,Tomandiarefriends.Findsb+形容词（发现某人……）Shefoundherselfaloneathome.她发现在即自己独自在家。Findsb+doingsth（发现某人正在….）Ifoundadoglyingonthefloor.我发现一只狗正躺在地上。Therebe+sb./sthdoing・・・・（有・・・・正在 ）Thereisadoglyingonthefloor.

Therebe句型不与have连用。Therebe本身就是某地有某物，与have（作为“有”讲）语义重复。Therewillbetwofootballmatchesnextweek.Therearegoingtobetwofootballmatchesnextweek.Todo（do为动词原形）结构（动词不定式）位于句首，有时居中。一般表示的（为了・・・・位于句首，有时居中。一般表示的（为了・・・・;）Toputoutthefire,thefiremenusedlotsofwater.为了扑灭大货，消防员用了大量的水。Hefoundaplacetohavearest.他找了一个地方来休息。Theworkerfoundwoodtomakedesks.特殊疑问词+todo结构（作句中动词的宾语）Idon'tknowwhattowear.我不知道穿什么。Idon'tknowhowtoread.我不知怎么读书。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知要去哪里。Todo作形容词讲（后置定语），位于所修饰名词后）翻译为..…的……Something toeat（能吃的东西）被修饰的词 形容词Thingstodo要做的事

感叹句（how/what）的区别What+a/an+形容词+被修饰的名词+（人称代词）+（be动词）How+形容词+the+名词+谓语（be动词/感官动词）Hownicethecakessmell.形容词 感官动词Whatanicefish(itis.)Hownicethefishis.What+形容词+复数名词Whatwonderfulclothes.(theyare)Howwonderfultheclothesare.What+形容词+不可数名词Whatgoodweather(itis)Howgoodtheweatheris.How+副词+主语+谓语Howslowlytheboyran.Howhappilyheisswimming副词 动词(组合)How+主语+谓语动词Howtimeflies.（时光飞逝）难点理解：It's+形容词+todosth变为：What/how的感叹句It'sgreatfuntoswiminthelake.Whatgreatfunitistoswiminthelake.It'sdangeroustoplaywithfire.Howdangerousitistoplaywithfire.动词不定式（10do结构）Asksbnottodosth让某人不要做某事Heaskedusnottoplaynotplay）withfire.Asksbtodosth让某人做某事Theyaskedustoprotect（protect）ourselves.Teachsbtodosth教某人去做某事Teachsbnottodosth叫某人不要做某事Teachsbsth教某人某事MrLeetaughtusEnglish.李老师教我们英语。Tellsbtodosth告诉某人去做某事Tellsbnottodosth不告诉某人不要做某事祈使句（表示命令；建议或请求）结构：肯定：动词原形+……标志：（主语后面有逗号）Bequiet,thechildrenaresleeping.Becarefultodohomework.Tom,lookafteryourselfwell.否定：Don't+动词原形Tom,don'thurtyourself.Tom,becarefulnottowakethedogup.汤姆，小心不要把狗吵醒。一般现在时态：（表示自然界的客观规律或自然现象和名言名句）Hesaidtheearthgoesaroundthesun（自然现象）他说地球绕着太阳转。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光传播比声音快。Thesunislargerthantheearth.（客观事实）太阳比地球大。If引导的条件状语从句（如果……）做题规则：主句将来时，if从句用一般现在时。（主将从现）If从句用一般现在时表示将来时。Hewillcometomypartyifheisfreenextweek.主句 If从句Theywon'tcomehereiftheydon'thavetimetomorrow.Iwillgotoschoolifitdoesn'trainnextweek.Runafter追赶Runaway逃离Practicedoingsth练习做某事keepdoingsth一直做某事Theykeptpracticingplayingfootball.他们一直练习踢足球。I