2023届高考英语二轮复习第一部分专题增分练课时04阅读理解-主旨大意题

PAGEPAGE4课时04阅读理解-主旨大意题Ⅰ.阅读理解AJeremyKerr，aresearcherattheUniversityofOttawainCanada，andhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan400，000observationsofbumblebeespeciescollectedinNorthAmericaandEuropefrom1975to2022.Whentheresearchersrecordedthelocationsofthesebeepopulations，theyfoundthatmanyofthe67speciesanalyzedweremovingnorthwardfromtheirsouthernlimitswhilethenorthernedgesofthebees'rangesarestayinginplace.Whatitresultsinisobvious.Beeshavebeenpaidmoreattentiontoinrecentyears，withpopulationsofhoneybeesandbumblebeesobviouslydeclininginsomepartsofEurope.Previously，attentiononthedeclineofbeepopulationshasfocusedoncausesincludinghabitatloss，pesticideuseandthespreadofbeeparasites(寄生虫).ButtheworkbyKerr'steamfoundsomethingdifferent.“Foreveryspecies，thereisoneortwospeciesdecliningandothersthatarenotmovingatall，〞saysKerr.Thisshifthasalsobeenobservedinotherspecies，suchasbutterflies.Butduetoanewcause—theriseoftemperaturesinsteadoftotalpesticideuse，achangeinlanduseorparasites，bumblebees—unlikebutterflies—havefailedtoextendthenorthernboundariesoftheirrangesintotheterritorythatisnowhabitableforthem，sobumblebeespeciesacrossEuropeandNorthAmericaaredecliningrapidly，thelateststudyledbyKerr'steamfinds.“Ourdatasuggestthatthenewfactorplaysaleading，orperhapstheleading，roleinthistrend，〞saysKerr.“Thisstudyshowsthatafourthfactorisalsobeginningtoaffectit.Itislikelythatthecombinedstressesfromallofthesepressureswillhavedestructiveimpactsonbumblebeesinthenot­too­distantfuture，〞saysDaveGoulson，abeeresearcherattheUniversityofSussex，Brighton，UK.Exactlywhatcanbedonetohelpbumblebeesisnotclear.Kerr'steamsuggeststhatrelocatingcoloniesmightbeananswerbutGoulsonsaysthatbecausetheinsectsaremobiletheyarecapableofmovingnorthwardsifthereissuitablehabitatavailable.[语篇解读]本文是一篇科普说明文。根据科学家的观察与研究，大黄蜂越来越难以适应全球变暖，它们的数量正在锐减，居住地也收缩了。1.Whatdoesthemoveofthebees'southernlimitsleadto？A.Thebirthofnewbeespecies.B.Theriseofthebees'population.C.Theevolutionofthebees.D.Thereductionofthebees'habitat.解析：考查推理判断。由第一段中的“manyofthe67speciesanalyzedweremovingnorthwardfromtheirsouthernlimitswhilethenorthernedgesofthebees'rangesarestayinginplace〞可知，大黄蜂栖息地的南边的界限向北移动了，而北边的界限保持不变，这样的结果就是大黄蜂的栖息地变小了。答案：D2.What'sthenewcauseofbeepopulations'decliningaccordingtoKerr？A.Habitatloss.B.Pesticideuse.C.Climatechange.D.Thespreadofbeeparasites.解析：考查细节理解。第三段中提到“Butduetoanewcause—theriseoftemperaturesinsteadoftotalpesticideuse，achangeinlanduseorparasites，bumblebees—unlikebutterflies—havefailedtoextend...ledbyKerr'steamfinds〞，故Kerr的团队发现的导致大黄蜂数量减少的新的原因是气候变化。答案：C3.WhichstatementmayGoulsonagreewith？A.Relocatingbumblebeesisn'tmuchgood.B.ThefindingsofKerr'sstudyaredoubtful.C.Thefutureofbumblebeesisstillpromising.D.Knowingbumblebees'livinghabitsisthemosturgent.解析：考查推理判断。由最后一段中的“Kerr'steamsuggeststhatrelocatingcoloniesmightbeananswerbutGoulsonsaysthatbecausetheinsectsaremobiletheyarecapableofmovingnorthwardsifthereissuitablehabitatavailable〞可知，Kerr的团队暗示，迁移大黄蜂的聚居地可能是一个解决方法，但是Goulson说因为这种昆虫具有流动性，因此如果北方有可用的适宜的栖息地，它们就能向北方移动。也就是说Goulson对迁移大黄蜂这个方法是不赞成的。答案：A4.Whatkindofwritingisthispassage？A.Abookreview.B.Anannouncement.C.Ascientificreport.D.Anofficialreport.解析：考查推理判断。本文是科普说明文，介绍了大黄蜂数量减少的现象及原因，应该属于科研报告。应选C项。答案：CB(2022·高考四川卷)Ifyoucouldhaveonesuperpower，whatwoulditbe？Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds，seethroughwalls，orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly，butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhat_really_matters_in_your_life.Everydayinourwork，weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.Yourlivesarebusyenoughdoinghomework，playingsports，makingfriends，seekingafteryourdreams.Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.Findanissueyouareinterestedinandlearnmore.Volunteeror，ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneytoacause.Whateveryoudo，don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.Youmayhavetheopportunitytomakeyourbiggestdifferencewhenyou'reolder.Butwhynotstartnow？Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。作者告诉我们，在我们周围有一些人每天都在鼓励着我们，这不是因为他们有超能力，而是他们通过做出色的事情，使这个世界变得更美好。因此，我们要做的就是花点时间和精力去帮助别人，这也会对我们的生活产生重大的影响。5.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2referto？A.Yourlifestyle.B.Yourlifevalue.C.Yourtroubleinlife.D.Yourlifeexperience.解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段的内容“梦想着你会读心术，能洞穿墙壁，或者有超人的力量，这或许听起来很愚蠢，但事实上，这却是你内心深处认为人生最重要的东西〞可知，画线局部的意思是“你人生中真正重要的东西〞，即：你的人生价值，故B项正确。答案：B6.Whydoestheauthorsaytheyareinspiredeveryday？A.Theypossessdifferentkindsofsuperpowers.B.Theyhavegotthepowertochangetheworld.C.Somepeoplearoundthemaremakingtheworldbetter.D.Therearemanypowerfulpeopleintheirlifeandwork.解析：细节理解题。由文章第三段信息...weareinspiredbythepeoplewemeetdoingextraordinarythingstoimprovetheworld.(……我们被我们遇到的、做事出色而美化世界的人鼓励着)以及第四段Theyhaveadifferentkindofsuperpowerthatallofuspossess：thepowertomakeadifferenceinthelivesofothers.(他们有着我们每个人都拥有的另一种超能力——在别人的生活中产生重大影响的能力)可知，作者每天都受到鼓励，不是因为他们有各种超能力，不是因为他们有改变世界的力量，也不是因为在他们的生活和工作中有许多权力强大的人，而是因为他们周围有一些人能对别人的生活产生影响，使这个世界变得更好，故排除A、B、D项。答案：C7.WhatdoestheauthorstressinParagraph5？A.Learningmoreandcontributingmoretoacause.B.Risingaboveselfandactingtohelpothers.C.Workinghardtogetabiggeropportunity.D.Tryingyourbesttohelpthepoor.解析：细节理解题。由文章第五段的信息Butwedothinkthatyoucanliveamorepowerfullifewhenyoudevotesomeofyourtimeandenergytosomethingmuchlargerthanyourself.以及Whateveryoudo，don'tbeabystander.Getinvolved.可知，作者在这一段强调：花点时间和精力去做点超越自我的事情。不管做什么，都不要只做个旁观者，要参与其中。要提升自我，行动起来帮助别人。故B项正确。答案：B8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B.Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C.Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D.People'seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的信息Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.可知，作者认为努力就有回报，最穷的人在以后会改善生活，故A项正确。本段提到过去20年间我们的经历是我们生活中最有意义的一局部，没提到“在不久的将来还会取得更多进步〞，排除B项；本段提到了关于health，development和energy的经历是最有意义的，但并不是说“有关健康的工作是最有价值的经历〞，排除C项；本段没有说“人们的努力已得到了物质上的回报〞，排除D项。答案：AⅡ.完形填空I'dgotachancetoworkfortwoweeksatBBCRadioLeeds.Iwasshockedfor__1__alongtime.Icouldn'tbelieveit.ItwasmonthssinceI'd__2__myapplicationletter.I'd__3__thatIwasoneofthe__4__applicantsapplyingforworkexperience.Afewdayslater，Iwalkedaroundthebuildingforthefirsttime，totallywith__5__.Itwasn'tthebeautifulstudiosbutthenewsteamthat__6__memost.BeforemyBBCplacement(实习工作)，I'dworked__7__atalocalcommercialradio.Thingstherewerealwaysinamess.Thiswasabsolutelynotthe__8__here.Thehighlightofmytwoweeksthereisthatfeelingof__9__thatthewholeteamunitesanddevotestheir__10__.Allthathardworkwasworthit：youhad__11__listeners，insightful(有见解的)interviewees，andallthisaddedtothe__12__oftheshow.Sure，thereweretoughmomentsbutifyou__13__thenit'llallworkoutintheend.I__14__plentyofactualwork.Researchingtopics，bookingguests，andmeetingguestswereallthingsIspentalotoftimedoing，butthat__15__isnotdefinitelycompleteandIalso__16__aleadstoryforthebreakfastshow，too.I'mgoingbacktostudythefinalyearofmybroadcastjournalismdegreeattheUniversityofLeedssoon，butinmymindthere'llbethat__17__ofunemployment.Obviouslymy__18__careerisdependentonwhatopportunitieswillbeinstoreforme，but__19__there'sonethingI'velearnt，it'sthis：Iwanttoworksomewherewithateamofpeopleasfriendlyandfantasticasthe__20__atBBCRadioLeeds.[语篇解读]这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己在BBC实习的经历及感受。1.A.just B.yetC.even D.never解析：根据空前的“shocked〞和下文内容可知，作者甚至(even)很长一段时间都处在震惊之中。答案：C2.A.submitted B.subscribedC.mentioned D.polished解析：根据语境可知，此处表示自作者提交申请信已经数月的时间了。submit“呈交，递交〞符合语境。答案：A3.A.assumed B.rememberedC.confirmed D.admitted解析：依据上文的“Icouldn'tbelieveit〞可知，此处指作者认为自己是未被录用的不幸的申请人之一。assume“假定，认为〞符合语境。答案：A4.A.excellent B.fortunateC.unlucky D.available解析：参见上题解析。答案：C5.A.confidence B.respectC.concern D.hesitation解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者第一次环绕着(该公司的)大楼散步时心中充满了敬意。答案：B6.A.satisfied B.troubledC.impressed D.moved解析：根据前文中的“Itwasn'tthebeautifulstudiosbutthenewsteamthat〞和后文的内容可知，此处表示最让作者印象深刻(impressed)的并不是美丽的演播室而是新闻团队。答案：C7.A.faithfully B.steadilyC.formally D.temporarily解析：在此之前，作者曾经短暂地(temporarily)在一个当地的商业播送电台工作过。答案：D8.A.standard B.methodC.case D.rule解析：依据前面的“Thingstherewerealwaysinamess〞和下文作者对BBC团队的肯定可知，在BBC，情况绝对不是这样的。notthecase是一个固定表达，表示“情况不是这样的〞。答案：C9.A.pride B.challengeC.adventure D.freedom解析：依据句中的“Thehighlightofmytwoweeks〞可知，此处是作者对这里的员工的赞誉，应选pride。答案：A10.A.efforts B.valuesC.personalities D.lives解析：根据语境及前文的“unitesanddevotestheir〞可知，此处指整个团队团结努力。effort“努力〞符合语境。答案：A11.A.stable B.enthusiasticC.talent