专题25上海高考六选四阅读深度剖析（上）

/21/21/?专题25上海高考六选四阅读深度剖析（上）_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精考点精讲【考情链接】上海高考六选四阅读，要求根据短文内容，从所给六个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。此类题型有一定难度。想要答好此类题，考生需要从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试。分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉，是解答这一题型的关键。【要点梳理】衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。（一）结构衔接——根据空格的位置判断1.若空格句出现在段首，则通常是段落主题句。这句往往是对下面整个段落内容的概括和总结，反映整个段落的主旨和大意认真阅。读后文内容，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。【例题】(2023奉贤一模)____49____English-speakerswisheachotherahappybirthday,butspeakersofmanyotherlanguagessay“congratulations”asifthebirthdaygirlhaddonesomethingimpressivemerelybysurvivinganotheryear.TheDutchalsosay“gefeliciteerd”tomembersofthefamily,includingtheonewhoreallydeservescongratulating:themother.Thisisclosetoobligatory(义务的)，whileitwouldcomeasastrangesurpriseinEnglish.A.Specialoccasionsareanotherwayinwhichlanguagesdiffer.B.Itisnaturaltobecriticaloflanguagesthatlackexpressionsyouthinknecessary.C.Whatyoureallywanttowishthemiscouragenotfortune.D.HavingnoEnglishequivalentisannoyingforthosewhoareusedtoit.E.Youcansaythatphraseifyoulike,butyourneighbourwouldlookatyoustrangely.F.Butnothavingawordforsomethingdoesn’tmeanyoucan’tcoinone—orborrowit.【答案】49.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对比了语言之间的区别，例如在给人加油鼓劲时和过生日时，各个语言说的话反应出了不同的文化背景。【49题详解】空处为本段主旨句，起总述作用。下文“English-speakerswisheachotherahappybirthday,butspeakersofmanyotherlanguagessay“congratulations”asifthebirthdaygirlhaddonesomethingimpressivemerelybysurvivinganotheryear.(说英语的人互相祝对方生日快乐，但说其他许多语言的人说“祝贺”，好像寿星女仅仅是又活了一年就做了什么了不起的事似的。)”提到一个特定场合——生日，所以本段主要内容为不同语言在特定的场合下的不同之处。A项“特殊场合下的语言又会有其他的不同之处。”符合段意。故选A项。2.若空格句在段尾，则多属总结本段内容的总结句或引出下一段内容的过渡句。A：在选项中看能否找到对前文整段的总结句。如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。B：与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题。【例题】(2023虹口一模)Whenusingsocialmedia,manyusersmaynotbethinkingofthesocialengineeringimplicationsthatcanarisewithtoomuchover-sharingofpersonalinformation.However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaintaveryvividpictureofaperson–whichcanthenbemisusedbyhackers.“____47____Socialengineeringisthenumberonecauseofmostspitefuldatabreaches(泄露),”saidRogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4.“Nothingelseisevenclose,percentage-wise,”Grimeswarned,“Nearlyeveryorganizationcouldbestimprovetheircybersecuritydefenseplansiftheyfocusedfarmoreonreducingthelikelihoodofsocialengineering.Noothersingledefensecoulddomoretoprotectanorganizationagainsthackingandmalware(恶意软件).”A.Infact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.B.TherecentattackagainstTwittershouldunderscoretheneedfordata-centricsecurity.C.Fordevelopers,thisvulnerabilityalsoshowsthere’sstillaneedforproperinputvalidationandensurethatanyrequestisauthorized.D.Hackerslovethatdefendersaredistractedanddon’tfocusappropriateresourcesonthenumberonethreat.E.Organizationsshouldmakeajointefforttoprotectthesensitivedatafromexploitation.F.Thisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.【答案】47.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因，并表达了大型技术公司制定以数据为中心的安全措施的必要性。【47题详解】上文“However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaintaveryvividpictureofaperson—whichcanthenbemisusedbyhackers.(然而，人们在帖子中分享的内容可以描绘出一个人非常生动的形象——这可能会被黑客滥用。)”在讲述人们在帖子中分享的内容可能会被黑客滥用；下文“Socialengineeringisthenumberonecauseofmostspitefuldatabreaches(泄露),saidRogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4.(社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因，网络安全公司KnowBe4的数据驱动防御专家RogerGrimes说。)”在讲述社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因；选项F“Thisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.(这只是黑客利用社交工程取得成功的又一个例子。)”在讲述黑客利用社交工程取得成功，承接了上文所述的黑客滥用人们在帖子中分享的内容，表明了这是黑客利用社交工程取得成功的又一个例子，同时引出了下文对于社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因的表述，故选项F符合语境；故选F项。3.若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。【例题】(2023嘉定一模)Asforwhetherthecollision(相撞)couldbeviewedfromEarth,Graysaysitwillprobablygounobserved.”Evenifithitonthenearsideofthemoon,theimpactoccursacoupleofdaysafterNewMoon,whichwashardlyobservable,headded,“tome,theimpactwasnotabigdeal.”____50____Theybelievethattheeventwillallowforobservationofvaluablelunarmaterialsejected(弹射)bytherocketsstrike.A.Sotherockethasbeenfollowingasomewhatchaoticorbitsince.B.Nevertheless,spaceenthusiastsbelievetheimpactcouldprovidevaluabledata.C.ItwaspartofSpaceX’sspaceexplorationprogramme.D.Butaftercompletingalongburnofitsengines,therocket’ssecondphasebecameaproblem.E.Theexactspotthattherocketwillhitremainsunclear.F.Thelunarphaserevealsthepassageoftimeinthenightsky.【答案】50.B【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一颗名为SpaceX火箭在太空飞行了近七年后，现在直接前往月球。根据科学家们的说法，火箭没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层，但也缺乏逃离地月系统引力的能量，预计会在2022年3月初与月球相撞，撞击可能会撞击月球背面，靠近赤道。【50题详解】根据前文“Evenifithitonthenearsideofthemoon,theimpactoccursacoupleofdaysafterNewMoon,whichwashardlyobservable,headded,“tome,theimpactwasnotabigdeal.”(即使它击中了月球的近侧，撞击也发生在新月之后的几天，这几乎是无法观察到的，他补充说，“对我来说，撞击没什么大不了的。”)”和后文“Theybelievethattheeventwillallowforobservationofvaluablelunarmaterialsejected(弹射)bytherocketsstrike.(他们认为，这一事件将有助于观测火箭撞击所喷出的宝贵月球物质。)”可知，虽然这次撞击对于Gray来说是没有意义的，但对于观察火箭袭击月球喷射是珍贵的材料。B选项“尽管如此，太空爱好者相信这次撞击可能会提供宝贵的数据。”中的“theimpactcouldprovidevaluabledata.”与后文“observationofvaluablelunarmaterialsejectedbytherocketsstrike”相对应，符合语境。故选B项。（二）逻辑衔接——根据前后文逻辑关系判断1：因果关系(Eg:Asaresult/thus/therefore/so(such)…)因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。2:转折关系(Eg:However/nevertheless/nonetheless/though/yet/inspiteof/onthecontrary/incontrastcomparison/otherwise/not...butcomparison/otherwise/not...but)转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。3：并列关系(Eg:first/second/third/tobeginwith/toconclude)并列关系主要指前后的句子间是平等的关系，可以互换位置。4：递进关系(Eg:also/furthermore/similarly/moreover/inaddition/what’smore）递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。5:例证关系(Eg:suchas/forexamples/Oneoftheexamplesis…)前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。【例题】(2023黄浦一模)Theideathatkindnesscanboosthappinessishardlynew.Studieshaveshownthatprosocialbehavior—basically,voluntarilyhelpingothers—canhelplowerpeople’sdailystresslevels,andthatsimpleactsofconnection,liketextingafriend,meanmorethanmanyofusrealize.___47______49___JenniferOldham,wholosther9-year-olddaughterHallieinJuly,recentlycreatedaFacebookgroup—KeepingKindnessforHallie—thatencouragesparticipantstoengageinrandomactsofkindness.PeoplehaveboughtgroceriesanddonatedschoolsuppliesinHallie’shonor.“Itwillhelpyourownheart,maybeevenmorethantherecipients,”saidMs.Oldham.A.Whatskillsandtalentsdoyoualreadyhave?B.Stresscanalsokeeppeoplefrombeingkindtoothers.C.Whyarerecipientslesslikelytoappreciatearandomactofkindness?D.Butanactofkindnessisunlikelytofail,andinsomeinstancesitcancreateevenmorekindness.E.Peoplewhoperformarandomactofkindnesstendtounderestimatehowmuchtherecipientwillappreciateit.F.Butresearcherswhostudykindnessandfriendshipsaytheyhopethenewfindingsstrengthenthescientificcaseformakingthesetypesofgesturesmoreoften.【答案】47.F49.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述做善事可以帮助降低压力水平，以及如何做善事。【47题详解】上文“Theideathatkindnesscanboosthappinessishardlynew.Studieshaveshownthatprosocialbehavior—basically,voluntarilyhelpingothers—canhelplowerpeople’sdailystresslevels,andthatsimpleactsofconnection,liketextingafriend,meanmorethanmanyofusrealize.(善良可以提升幸福感的观点并不新鲜。研究表明，亲社会行为——基本上是自愿帮助他人——可以帮助人们降低日常压力水平，而简单的联系行为，比如给朋友发短信，比我们许多人意识到的更有意义。)”，而F选项“但研究善意和友谊的研究人员表示，他们希望这些新发现能够为更多地做出这类行为提供科学依据。”中的“thenewfindings”呼应上文，并且“thesetypesofgestures”也对应上文的“textingafriend”等，符合题意，故选F。【49题详解】根据下文“JenniferOldham,wholosther9-year-olddaughterHallieinJuly,recentlycreatedaFacebookgroup—KeepingKindnessforHallie—thatencouragesparticipantstoengageinrandomactsofkindness.PeoplehaveboughtgroceriesanddonatedschoolsuppliesinHallie’shonor.“Itwillhelpyourownheart,maybeevenmorethantherecipients,”saidMs.Oldham.(珍妮弗·奥尔德姆在7月份失去了9岁的女儿哈莉，她最近在Facebook上创建了一个名为“为哈莉保持善良”的小组，鼓励参与者随意做一些善举。为了纪念哈莉，人们买了杂货，捐赠了学习用品。奥尔德姆女士说：“这对你自己的心脏有帮助，甚至可能比接受者更有帮助。”)”可知本段是关于做善事还是有好处的内容，D选项“但是，善意的行为不太可能失败，在某些情况下，它甚至可以创造更多的善意。”符合本段所举的事例，并且和上文构成转折关系，故选D。【例题】(2023嘉定一模)ASpaceXrocketisnowheadeddirectlyforthemoonafterspendingalmostsevenyearsflyingthroughspace,expertssay.TherocketwasoriginallylaunchedtosendaspaceweathersatellitetotheLagrangepoint—agravity-neutralpositionfourtimesfartherthanthemoonandindirectlinewiththesun.____47____Atthisphase,itdidnothaveenoughfueltoreturntoEarth’satmosphere.ButmeanwhileitlackedtheenergytoescapethegravityoftheEarth-Moonsystem.____48____Spaceobserversbelievethatitisoncoursetointersect(相交)withthemoon.BillGray,whowritessoftwaretotracknear-Earthobjects,hassaidtherocketwillverylikelyhitthefarsideofthemoon,neartheequator.“ThisisthefirstunintentionalcaseofspacejunkhittingthemoonofwhichI’maware,”Grayadded.A.Sotherockethasbeenfollowingasomewhatchaoticorbitsince.B.Nevertheless,spaceenthusiastsbelievetheimpactcouldprovidevaluabledata.C.ItwaspartofSpaceX’sspaceexplorationprogramme.D.Butaftercompletingalongburnofitsengines,therocket’ssecondphasebecameaproblem.E.Theexactspotthattherocketwillhitremainsunclear.F.Thelunarphaserevealsthepassageoftimeinthenightsky.【答案】47.D48.A【解析】【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一颗名为SpaceX火箭在太空飞行了近七年后，现在直接前往月球。根据科学家们的说法，火箭没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层，但也缺乏逃离地月系统引力的能量，预计会在2022年3月初与月球相撞，撞击可能会撞击月球背面，靠近赤道。【47题详解】根据前文“TherocketwasoriginallylaunchedtosendaspaceweathersatellitetotheLagrangepoint—agravity-neutralpositionfourtimesfartherthanthemoonandindirectlinewiththesun.(火箭最初发射的目的是将一颗太空气象卫星发送到拉格朗日点，一个距离月球四倍远、与太阳成直线的重力中性点。)”和下一段第一句“Atthisphase,itdidnothaveenoughfueltoreturntoEarth’satmosphere.(在这个阶段，它没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层。)”可知，空格处的句子要承接上文，且要提及下文的“Atthisphase”，D选项“但在完成了引擎的长时间燃烧后，火箭的第二阶段就成了一个问题。”的“But”与前文的“originallylaunchedto”形成对比，表明出现了问题，引出火箭的第二阶段，选项中“therocket’ssecondphase”即为下文提及的“Atthisphase”，符合语境。故选D项。【48题详解】根据前文“Atthisphase,itdidnothaveenoughfueltoreturntoEarth’satmosphere.ButmeanwhileitlackedtheenergytoescapethegravityoftheEarth-Moonsystem.(在这个阶段，它没有足够的燃料返回地球大气层。但与此同时，它缺乏逃离地月系统引力的能量。)”可知，在这一阶段，火箭遇到了进退两难的问题，横线处的句子要承接上文，A选项“因此，自那以后，火箭一直沿着一条有点混乱的轨道运行。”表明了不能回地球也不能离开月球的结果就是开始偏离轨道，承接上文，符合语境。故选A项。【例题】(2023青浦一模)Let’sstartbylookingattheemotionalormentalhealthbenefitsofexpressinggratitude.Therehavebeenmanystudies,asdescribedina2018paperfromtheGreaterGoodScienceCentertitled“TheScienceofGratitude”,showingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonorwritinginagratitudejournal,ifdoneregularly,improvesmentalhealth.___48___Butevenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,likeinajournal,theactofcompletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierandmoresatisfiedwithlife.Andthisgetsbetterwithtime.Asweareessentiallytrainingourbraintobemoreintunewithnoticingthepositive,afterseveralweeksormonths,thisbecomesmoreintuitive.Andso,themoreweexpressgratitude,themorepositivewefeel.A.Gratitudecanalsomakeusfeelgoodphysically.B.Therefore,it’seasytotellthatgratitudeisadvantageoustous.C.Itisthefeelingofbeinggratefulandwantingtoexpressourthanks.D.Itcanhelppromotestrongerrelationshipswithfamily,friendsorevencolleagues.E.Onereasonforthis,isthatgratitudestopsusfromreflectingonnegativeemotions.F.Itisadeeperappreciationforsomeoneorsomethingthatmakesusfeelapositiveemotion.【答案】48.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了表达感激不仅给自己的身心健康带来好处，而且也有助于帮助别人感觉到被重视，进而增进人与人之间的关系。【48题详解】上文“Let’sstartbylookingattheemotionalormentalhealthbenefitsofexpressinggratitude.”说明让表达感激对情绪或心理健康有的好处；空前一句“Therehavebeenmanystudies,asdescribedina2018paperfromtheGreaterGoodScienceCentertitled“TheScienceofGratitude”,showingthatwritingagratitudelettertoanotherpersonorwritinginagratitudejournal,ifdoneregularly,improvesmentalhealth.(有很多研究，如GreaterGoodScienceCenter发表的一篇题为《感恩的科学》的论文中所述，表明给他人写一封感恩信或在感恩杂志上写感谢信，如果定期这样做，可以改善心理健康)”说明把感激写出来有好处。下文“Butevenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone,likeinajournal,theactofcompletingtheexercisealonemakesushappierandmoresatisfiedwithlife.(但是，即使我们不与任何人分享我们的写作，比如在日记中，完成练习的行为本身会让我们更快乐，对生活更满意)”说明即使不把感激写下来和别人分享，只要写出来也能给自己的精神健康带来积极的影响和改变。空处承上启下，应是把感激表达出来的具体好处。E项“Onereasonforthis,isthatgratitudestopsusfromreflectingonnegativeemotions.(这样做的一个原因是，感恩阻止我们反思负面情绪)”是说明把感激写下来和别人分享的好处，与下文“Butevenifwedon’tshareourwritingwithanyone”形成转折关系，符合语境。故选E项。【例题】(2023宝山一模)Proteinshakesaredietarysupplements(膳食补充品)designedtohelppeopleconsumemoreproteinthantheyotherwisewould.___47___Orpeoplecanmixtheirownshakesusingproteinpowderandotheringredients.Proteinpowdercanbemadefromplantsoranimals.Plant-basedproteinshakescanincludesoy,peaorriceprotein.Animal-basedproteinpowdersareusuallymadefromcow’smilk.Thosewhowanttostayawayfrommilkcanalsogetproteinpowdermadefromeggwhites.D.Therefore,itisunnecessarytotakeproteinshakesunlessitisamust.E.Proteinshakescanbeready-madedrinks.F.Andhigh-proteindietshavealsobeenlinkedtothelossoffat.【答案】47.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蛋白奶昔的优缺点以及是否有必要为了保持健康或减重而饮用它。【47题详解】下文“Orpeoplecanmixtheirownshakesusingproteinpowderandotheringredients.(人们也可以用蛋白粉和其他成分混合自己的奶昔。)”人们同样也可以用蛋白粉和其他东西混合，做自己喜欢的奶昔；由此可以推出，蛋白粉也可以不加其他成分，单独饮用。E项“蛋白质奶昔可以是现成的饮料。”与后句构成并列选择关系，符合文意。故选E项。（三）词汇衔接——从词汇关系上判断1.代词英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these或those指代前句的复数名词。【例题】(2023徐汇一模)Whilenotanewconcept,theterm“quietquitting”hasrecentlygainedpopularityonsocialmedia.Whatisquietquitting?Quietquittingdoesn’tmeananemployeehaslefttheirjob,butratherhaslimitedtheirtaskstoavoidworkinglongerhours.____47____Theysticktowhatisintheirjobdescriptionandwhentheygohome,theyleaveworkbehindthemandfocusonnon-workdutiesandactivities.A.Supportersarguethatquietquittingisawaytosafeguardyourmentalhealth.B.Theysetclearboundariestoimprovework-lifebalance.C.Regularsupportandpraisethatmakeemployeesfeelvaluedandconnectedcangetlost.D.Managersmustlearnhowtohaveconversationstohelpemployeesreducedisengagementandburnout.E.However,quietquittingcouldbeasignthatanemployeeisnothappyintheirposition.F.Employeesaremorelikelytobeengagedwhentheyhavespecifictargets.【答案】47.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是什么quietquitting，为什么员工会quietquitting以及管理者应该怎么做。【47题详解】根据下文“Theysticktowhatisintheirjobdescriptionandwhentheygohome,theyleaveworkbehindthemandfocusonnon-workdutiesandactivities.(他们坚持工作描述中的内容，回家后，他们把工作抛在脑后，专注于非工作职责和活动。)”可推断他们在工作和生活中设定了明显的边界，B选项“他们设定了明确的界限，以改善工作与生活的平衡。”代词they与下句主语they构成并列，符合语境，故选B。2.同义词/反义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。【例题】(2023崇明一模)Stakeholderusesstemcellsfromcattlefortheproductionofitsprintedbeef,andthemuscletissueandfatareprintedfromtwoseparatebio-inks.____68____Abitecanbemadejuicier,chewier,andthetastecanalsobealtered.A.Thecompanyhasalreadyachievedseveralmilestonessinceitwasfounded.B.Itsgoalistocreatesustainablemeatproductstoreplacemeatssuchasbeef,chickenandevenfish.C.Thelayersofmeatandfatcanberegroupedindifferentproportionstocreatedifferentflavorexperiences.【答案】68.C【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍以色列的一家公司研发了3D打印牛排。【68题详解】根据上文“Stakeholderusesstemcellsfromcattlefortheproductionofitsprintedbeef,andthemuscletissueandfatareprintedfromtwoseparatebio-inks.”(利益相关者使用牛的干细胞生产其印刷牛肉，并且肌肉组织和脂肪由两种不同的生物墨水印刷。)可知，这里主要讲述印刷牛肉的成分构成。选项C“肉和脂肪的层次可以以不同的比例重新组合，以创造不同的风味体验。”和上文词汇意思一致。故选C。3.同一范畴词（上下义词）上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。你可以在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。【例题】（2023长宁一模）Robotsusedtobefoundonlyinsciencefiction.Inthe1960s,theanimated(动画片的)space-agefamilytheJetsonshadaroboticmaidwhocoulddohouseholdtasks.Inthe2014movieBigHero6,therobotBaymaxcoulddiagnoseandhealillnessesinstantly.____47____Inthefieldofmedicine,robotpatientshelptraindoctorsandnursesbypretendingtheyhaveavarietyofhealthconditions.Nowrobotsarefindingahomeinthefoodserviceindustry.A.Typically,theirdeliverieshavetooccurwithin30seconds.B.Perhapsyou’rewonderingaboutissuessuchasthecostandsafetyfactors.C.Inrealliferobotsfunctioninmanymanufacturingandhouseholdsituations.【答案】47.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了机器人正在食品服务业找到归宿。【47题详解】上文“Robotsusedtobefoundonlyinsciencefiction.(机器人过去只在科幻小说中出现)”说明过去机器人只出现在科幻小说中，以及下文“Inthefieldofmedicine,robotpatientshelptraindoctorsandnursesbypretendingtheyhaveavarietyofhealthconditions.Nowrobotsarefindingahomeinthefoodserviceindustry.(在医学领域，机器人患者通过假装自己有各种健康状况来帮助培训医生和护士。现在，机器人正在食品服务业找到归宿)”说明现在机器人在现实生活中发挥作用，C项“在现实生活中，机器人在许多制造和家庭环境中发挥作用。”承上启下，符合题意。故选C。_____优选操优选操练【真题回顾】(2017虹口一模)__70__.There’sevidencethatrecoveringalcoholicswhohavebeengiventheopportunitytoplant,grow,andevenselltheirproduce,havemanagedtostoptheiraddictivehabits.ScotStephenson,forexample,gotdismissedfromschoolandstartedavocationalqualificationingardening.Hesays,“IgotmyNVQlevel2whichismyfirstqualificationandenjoyediteversince.”C.GardeningcanalsobeusedasawayoftreatingaddictionF.Someexpertsactuallybelievethatgettingoutsidetodigandplantthingsactsasa“naturalexcitement”【答案】C(2017嘉定一模)ZooshaveexistedsinceancienttimesandwerefeaturesofthegreatcourtsofEgyptandChina.Thedisplayofunusualanimalsfromforeigncountrieswas,foralongtime,ashowofwealthandpower.Today,zoosfocusonthepreservationofanimalsspeciesandtheeducationofthepublic.__67___Someanimalsaredistinctlyunsuitedforlifeinazoo,howevernobletheaimsoftheorganization.C.YetcriticssuggestthatanimalsshouldnotbekeptincageF.Evidencesindicatethatsomeanimalsdependgreatlyonsurroundings.【答案】C(2017嘉定一模)Someanimalsaredistinctlyunsuitedforlifeinazoo,howevernobletheaimsoftheorganization.Keepingelephantincaptivity(囚禁)haslongcausedargumentamonganimalsrightsactivists.Elephantinthewildwanderconstantly,coveringawideterritoryonadailybasis.Incaptivity,theyhavenochoicebuttostandstillforlongperiodsoftime.___68____.Yetelephantsareathreatenedspeciesintheirnativeenvironmentsandareheavilycaughtforivory(象牙)，leatherandmeatillegally.Toprotectthespeciesformthewildduetoinjuryorabandonment.D.StudieshaveclearlyshownthatcaptiveanimalswilllivelongerandbemoreactivekeptinanenvironmentclosetotheirnativesurroundingsE.This,therefore,putsseverepressureonthelegsandfeetofthesegiantsandcauseslong-lastinginjuryinsomecaptiveanimals.【答案】E(2017青浦二模)Exoplanets(外行星):TheHuntIsOnTodayscientistsbelievethatplanetscouldoutnumberthestars.Forcenturies,scientistsandnaturalphilosophershaveproposedthatstarsinthenightskyhaveplanetarysystemssimilartoourownsolarsystem.Theexistenceofextrasolarplanets,orexoplanets,haslongbeendiscussed.67Althoughnotthefirstexoplanetdiscovery,aplanetnearasun-likestarwasdiscoveredbyastronomersin1995.Thiskickedoffaneraofexoplanethunting,withthousandsofdiscoveriesandconfirmationsfollowinginitswake.A.Scientistsuseindirectmethodstodiscoverexoplanets.E.However,wehavedevelopedthetechnologytoprovetheirexistenceonlyinthelastfewdecades.【答案】E(2017普陀一模)__69__Theyincludewars,droughts,floods,andtheover-useoffarmingland.Allthesefactorsaffectfoodproduction.Manypeoplealsoblamegreedybusinessmenforpushingupthepricesofbasicfoodsintheglobalmarket.Butthemostimportantreason,quitesimply,ispoverty,whichhasincreasedrecentlyduetothefinancialcrisisof2008.B.Therearemanyreasonsforworldhunger.C.Ittakestheeffortofeverycountrytofightagainstworldhunger.【答案】B(2017杨浦一模)___70___Theyalsoshowanamazingamountoftrustineachotherandtheirgovernment.Youcanseesignsofthisalloverthecountry.You’llfindvegetablestallswithnoassistant.Youtakewhatyouwantandleavethemoneyinabasket.perhapsthebikeisagoodsymbolforDenmark.TheDanescanaffordcarsbuttheychoosebikes—simple,economical,non-pollutingmachinesthatshownostatusandhelpkeeppeoplefit.C.Danishpeoplearen’tassuspiciousasmanyothernations.D.MostDanesareusedtoseeingbetween50-70%oftheirsalarygoingtothegovernment!【答案】C(2017普陀一模)TheUNestimatesthatalmosttwothirdsoftheworld'shungrypeopleareinAsia,whichisofcoursetheworld'smostpopulouscontinent.__68__AlthoughthisregionhasamuchlowerpopulationthanAsia,ithasthehighestpercentageofhungrypeople.AlmostalloftherestareinLatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheCaribbean.Intherichestregionsoftheworldthereareonlyatinynumberofpeoplewhodon'thaveenoughtoeat.A.Morethanaquarterareinsub-SaharanAfrica.F.Bytheendofthisyear,morethan35millionpeoplewillhavediedasaresultofnothavingenoughtoeat.【答案】A_____好题必好题必测1.【复旦附中2022-2023学年高三上学期月考】Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.IsEducationARobbery?Oneofourexpectationsabouteducationisthatitwillpayoffintermsofupwardmobility.However,sincethe1970s,high-schoolgraduateshaveexperiencedastrikingdecreaseinearnings,makingthemthefirstgenerationsinceWorldWarTwotofacealowerstandardoflivingthantheirparentshad.Expertshavearguedthatthisimbalancebetweeneducationandeconomyisattheheartoftheproblemofpubliceducationtoday.Itisnot,asbusinessleadersclaim,thattheschoolsareturningoutyoungpeopleinadequatelypreparedtofunctionintheworkplace.____47____.Collegegraduatesalsoarehavingdifficultyfindingjobs.Evenwhentheydo,thejobsmaynotgowiththeirtrainingandexpectations.PartoftheproblemisthattoomanyyoungAmericansaspiretohaveprofessionaljobs,makingdisappointmentandfrustrationinevitableforsome.Manystudentsassumedthatwhatwastrueofanindividual—thatthehighertheeducation,thebetterthejobopportunities—wouldalsobetrueforanentiresociety.Butwhenthenumbersofbetter-educatedyoungpeoplebecametoogreat,theeconomycouldnolongerabsorbthem.____48____.Thatassumptionisanotherpartoftheproblem.Infact,employersdonotroutinelyrewardeducationalattainment;rather,theyrewarditonlywhentheybelieveitwillcontributetotheemployee’sproductivity.Weshouldnotoverlookthefactthatthereisstillastrongconnectionbetweeneducation,occupation,andincome.____49____.Butthepayoffisneitheraslargenorascertainasitoncewas.Unfortunately,Americanshavefocusedsostronglyontheeconomicpayoffthatmanyconsidertheircollegeeducationuselessifitdoesnotyieldadesirable,well-payingjob.____50____.WecouldarguethatalloratleastthemajorityofAmericanswouldprofitbysomedegreebecausehighereducationcanenabletheindividualtothinkmoredeeply,exploremorewidely,andenjoyagreaterrangeofexperiences.A.Collegegraduateshaveastrongadvantageoverthosewithlesseducation.B.Greatereducationalattainmentguaranteescareeradvancement.C.Theywillhavenoalternativebuttosettleforlower-payingjobs.D.Therealproblemisalackofeconomicopportunitiesforstudentsnotcontinuingontocollege.E.Incomebalanceisjusttooromantictoberealisticbetweenyoungpeople.F.Onlyinthissensecanwespeakofan“oversupply”ofcollegegraduates.【答案】47.D48.B49.A50.F【解析】【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章针对高学历没有带来高回报的现象，分析了美国的公共教育问题的核心——教育和经济之间的不平衡——的原因。【47题详解】根据上文“Expertshavearguedthatthisimbalancebetweeneducationandeconomyisattheheartoftheproblemofpubliceducationtoday.Itisnot,asbusinessleadersclaim,thattheschoolsareturningoutyoungpeopleinadequatelypreparedtofunctionintheworkplace.(专家们认为，这种教育和经济之间的不平衡是当今公共教育问题的核心。这并不像商界领袖所声称的那样，是学校培养出的年轻人没有为在职场中发挥作用做好充分准备)”可知，当今公共教育问题的核心是教育和经济之间的不平衡，这个现象不是因为学校培养出的年轻人没有为在职场中发挥作用做好充分准备。由此推知，空处陈述这种现象的真正原因。D项“Therealproblemisalackofeconomicopportunitiesforstudentsnotcontinuingontocollege.(真正的问题是没有继续上大学的学生缺乏经济机会)”符合文意。故选D项。【48题详解】根据下文“Thatassumptionisanotherpartoftheproblem.Infact,employersdonotroutinelyrewardeducationalattainment;rather,theyrewarditonlywhentheybelieveitwillcontributetotheemployee’sproductivity.(这种假设是问题的另一部分。事实上，雇主通常不会奖励学历；相反，只有当他们相信这有助于提高员工的生产力时，他们才会给予奖励)”可知，高学历的员工只有在工作中提高了生产力才能得到奖励，此处的Infact表明，下文是对上文情况的具体阐述，且是与假设相反的现实情况，句中的Thatassumption应指代上文的信息，B项“Greatereducationalattainmentguaranteescareeradvancement.(更高的教育水平保证了职业发展)”符合语意，衔接连贯顺畅。故选B项。【49题详解】上文“Weshouldnotoverlookthefactthatthereisstillastrongconnectionbetweeneducation,occupation,andincome.(我们不应该忽视这样一个事实：教育、职业和收入之间仍然有很强的联系)”，A项“Collegegraduateshaveastrongadvantageoverthosewithlesseducation.(大学毕业生比教育程度较低的人有很大优势)”，A项内容是对上一句“教育、职业和收入之间仍然有很强的联系”的原因解释，且与下文“Bu