新视野B4U1 Love and logic 教学课件

Loveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyUnit1SectionA2applythereadingskill–skimming3writeanarrativeessay4practicethetranslationskill–freetranslation5developacriticalviewonlogicandfallaciesusethekeylanguagetotalkaboutlogicofdiscourse1

Objectives精品资料你怎么称呼老师？如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？教师的教鞭“不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘……”“太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyWarming-upActivitiesTextStudyLanguageAppreciationSummaryWarming-upActivitiesTrueorFalseThefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability.Tellwhethertheconclusionsaftertheword“Therefore”aretrue(T),false(F),oruncertain(U).Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement.

1.Alloddnumbersareintegers(整数).Allevennumbersareintegers.Therefore,alloddnumbersareevennumbers.

2.Therearenodancersthataren’tslimandnosingersthataren’tdancers.Therefore,allsingersareslim.

3.Atoothpick(牙签)isuseful.Usefulthingsarevaluable.Therefore,atoothpickisvaluable.

4.Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers.Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler.Therefore,pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers.

5.ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChasalowerenrollmentthanClassB.Therefore,ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC.FTTFFWarming-upActivities

6.Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons.Therearemorelemonsinthebasketthanoranges.Therefore,thebasketcontainsmoreapplesthanoranges.

7.Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus.Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivingacar.Therefore,takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar.

8.AllthetulipsinZoe’sgardenarewhite.AlltherosesinZoe’sgardenareyellow.Therefore,alltheflowersinZoe’sgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow.TUUWarming-upActivitiesLead-in1.Whyisitimportanttodeveloplogicalreasoningskills?Reasoningskillsdealwiththeprocessofgettingfromaproblemtoasolutionoraconclusion.Byimprovingyourreasoningskills,youcanimproveyoursuccessindoingthings.Specifically,strongreasoningskillscanhelpyouto:improvethequalityandvalidityofyourownarguments;improveyourabilitytoassessthequalityandvalidityofothers’arguments;makemorelogicaldecisions;solveproblemsmoreefficientlyandeffectively.Lead-in2.Doyouthinkitispossibletodealwithlifeinacompletelyrationalandlogicalway?Whenitcomestomakingachoice,manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning;Malesaremorerationalthanfemales;Rationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone;Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers;Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway.SectionALoveandlogic:ThestoryofafallacyTextStudyGlobalUnderstandingDetailedUnderstandingReadthewholepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.TextStudyGlobalunderstandingTask1Globalunderstandingofthestructure1)Whattypeofpassageisit?Narration.2)Whatpartsareincludedinthistypeofpassage?Pleasefindoutthesepartsinthispassage.Apieceofnarrationshouldincludefivebasicelementsofplotstructure:exposition,risingaction,turningpoint,fallingactionandresolution.TextStudyGlobalunderstandingTask1NarrativeelementsParas.MainideasExposition1-3Settingofthestory:ThenarratorandRobmakeadeal–theexchangeofaleatherjacketforPolly.Risingaction4-25TeachingPollylogictomakeherintelligentTurningpoint26PlanningonaskingPollytobehisgirlfriendFallingaction27-37Polly’srefutationofthenarrator’sargumentsaslogicalfallaciesResolution38-43Pollyrefusestobethenarrator’sgirlfriend.1.WhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRob?(Para.1)TipsTheymadeadealthatthenarratorgivesRobhisleatherjacket,andRob,inexchange,givesthenarratorhisgirlfriend.Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.DetailedunderstandingofthetextTextStudyDetailedunderstandingTask12.WhydoesthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend?(Paras.2-3)TipsPretty,well-off,radiant;Therightbackgroundtobethegirlfriendofadogged,brilliantlawyer;Helpthenarratorinhiscompetitionwithotherapplicantstosomeelitelawfirms.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding3.WhenthenarratorandPollyhavetheirfirstdate,thenarratorsaysthatwhathehasgotinmindisalittleeccentric.Why?(Paras.4-5)TipsThenarratorfeelsthiswaybecausehecan’tstopthinkingthathispurposeofdatingPollyisnotforromancebutforimprovingherintelligence,andhecan’tletPollyknowhisplan.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding4.WhydoesthenarratordecidetoteachPollylogic?(Para.7)TipsThenarratordecidestoteachPollylogicbecausehebelieveslogicisessentialtoclearthinking.ByteachingPollylogic,hecanmakeherintelligent.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding5.WhatisDictoSimpliciter?Giveanexample.(Paras.9-11)TipsAnunqualified,toosimplegeneralization;Oneexample:Exerciseisgood,therefore,everybodyshoulddoexercise.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding6.WhatisHastyGeneralization?Giveanexample.(Paras.12-15)TipsReachingahastyconclusionwithoutsufficientevidence;Oneexample:Youcan’tspeakFrench.Robcan’tspeakFrench.LookslikenobodyatthisschoolcanspeakFrench.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding7.WhatisAdMisericordiam?Giveanexample.(Paras.16-21)TipsAppealingtoone’ssympathyinsteadofansweringthequestiondirectly;Oneexample:Amanappliesforajob.Whenthebossaskshimwhathisqualificationsare,hesayshehassixchildrentofeed.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding8.WhatisFalseAnalogy?Giveanexample.(Paras.22-25)TipsWronginference;makingananalogybetweentwosituationsthatarealtogetherdifferent;Oneexample:Studentsshouldbeallowedtolookattheirtextbooksduringexams,becausesurgeonshaveX-raystoguidethemduringsurgery.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding9.IsthenarratorsuccessfulinteachingPollylogic?Howdoyouknow?(26-37)TipsYes.HeisonlytoosuccessfulinteachingPollylogicbecauseintheendwhenheasksPollytobehisgirlfriend,Pollyrefuseshisrequestbyapplyingallthelogicalfallacieshehastaughther.TextStudyDetailedunderstanding10.Whathappenedatlast?(Paras.38-43)TipsPollyrefusedtobethegirlfriendofthenarrator;Fulldisclosure;PollylikedRobinleather;ShetoldRobtomakethepactwiththeauthorsothathecouldhavethejacket.TextStudyDetailedunderstandingTheauthorsetsthesceneofthestorybyprovidinginformationaboutthefour“wh-”words:who,where,what,andwhy.“Who”referstothenarrator,hisroommateRob,andthebeautifulgirlPolly.“Where”refersto

.“What”and“why”refertowhattodoandwhytodoit:ThenarratordecidestomakePolly“”becauseasapromisinglybrilliantlawyer,hewantstohaveagirlfriendwhoisnotonlybeautifulbutalsointelligent.PartI—Paras.1–__3acollegecampuswell-spokenThenarratortriestohelpPollybecomesmarterbygivingherlessonsinlogic.AltogetherhespendsfivenightsteachingPollyfourlogical

,namely,DictoSimpliciter,

,AdMisericordiam,

.PartII—Paras.4-25fallaciesHastyGeneralizationFalseAnalogyWhenaskedtobethenarrator’sgirlfriend,Pollyrefuteshisargumentswiththeexact

taughtbyhimandrefusesbymaking

thatsheisdatingthenarratorsimplybecauseitisatricksheandRobhavedecidedtoplayonhiminordertogethis

.PartIII—Paras.26-43logicalfallaciesfulldisclosureleatherjacketLanguageAppreciationTranslation:这四位好友约好每年拍一张合影。reachanagreement约好；达成协议Thefourfriendsmadeapacttotakeapicturetogethereachyear.1.makeapact(Para.1)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他将给我们3,000美元以获得我们的帮助。givingonethingandreceivinganother(esp.ofthesametypeorvalue)inreturn作为（对……的）交换（或替代）Inexchangeforourhelp,he’llgiveus$3,000.2.inexchangefor(Para.1)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他的谈判技巧使他赢得了精明商人的名声。1)abletojudgepeopleandsituationsverywellandmakegooddecisions（人）精明的，机敏的2)

welljudgedandlikelytoberight（决定和判断）准确的，英明的3.shrewd:

a.

(Para.1)Hisskillinnegotiatingearnedhimareputationasashrewdbusinessman.Translation:他继承了一大笔钱，然后又通过正确的投资使之得到升值。Heinheritedaconsiderablefortuneandthenincreaseditbyshrewdinvestments.LanguageAppreciationTranslation:汤姆刚又买了辆新车，他一定很有钱。(infml.)rich,orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell富裕的；有钱的Tomhasjustboughtanothernewcar;hemustbeverywell-off.4.well-off:a.(Para.2)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:和大多数其他精英大学一样，斯坦福大学的学生群体也越来越多元化。a.oforrelatingtothebestormostskillfulpeopleinagroup精英的；精锐的n.[C]agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills(社会)精英；上层人士5.elite(Para.2)Stanford,likemostothereliteuniversities,hasanincreasinglydiversestudentbody.Translation:就读斯坦福大学后，他觉得自己是精英分子中的一员了。AfterheattendedStanfordUniversity,heconsideredhimselftobeoneofelite.LanguageAppreciationTranslation:新娘看上去满面春风。1)fullofhappinessandlove,inawaythatshowsinyourfaceandmakesyoulookattractive容光焕发的；喜悦的2)

verybright灿烂的；明亮的6.radiant:

a.

(Para.2)Thebridelookedradiant.Translation:湛蓝的天空阳光灿烂。Thesunwasradiantinaclearbluesky.LanguageAppreciationTranslation:巴黎是法国首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落于塞纳河畔。(be~)inaparticularplace;located位于……；坐落于……ParisisthecapitalandthelargestcityofFrance,situatedontheRiverSeine.7.situated:a.

(Para.4)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:夜光中大楼颜色十分明亮，好像在闪烁发光。1)verybright很明亮的；灿烂的2)

shininginthedark发光的；夜明的8.luminous:

a.

(Para.4)Intheeveninglightthecolorofthebuildingwassoluminousthatitseemedtoshimmer.Translation:我闹钟上的指针是发光的，在黑暗中我也能看时间。Thehandsonmyalarmclockareluminous,soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.LanguageAppreciationTranslation:这些数据太模糊、太简单，所以可能会歪曲国家的总体经济状况。1)changesth.suchasinformationsothatitisnolongertrueoraccurate歪曲;曲解2)

changethewaysth.looks,sounds,orbehavessothatitbecomesstrangeordifficulttorecognize.使变形；使失真；使反常9.distort:

vt.

(Para.7)Thestatisticsarevagueandoversimplified,andthusmaydistortthestate’soveralleconomicpicture.Translation:他的声音从喇叭里传出来好像失真了。Theloudspeakerseemedtodistorthisvoice.LanguageAppreciationTranslation:调查者感到困惑，他们不知道这是一起意外事故，还是自杀，或者谋杀。(usu.passive)beunabletofindananswerorthinkofareplytoaquestionorpeoblem使困惑；难倒Investigatorsarestumped.Theydon'tknowwhetherthiswasanaccident,asuicide,oramurder.10.stump:v.

(Para.11)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他们将选定举行婚礼的日子。chooseaparticulardayforsth.为……定日期Theywillsetadateforthewedding.11.setadatefor(Para.15)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:我们试图唤起他们的同情，但没有用。他们仍然没给我们任何帮助。1)trytogetsb.todooracceptsth.Bymakingthemthinkitisasensibleorfairthingtodo诉诸；唤起2)haveacharacterthatmakesaparticularpersoninterested;attract吸引；感染12.appealto:(Para.20)We’vetriedtoappealtotheircompassion,butitisjustnotworking.Theystilldidn’tgiveusanyhelp.Translation:虽然没有退休金，但这份工作仍然吸引了她，因为有医疗福利。Thoughtherewasnopension,thejobappealedtoherbecauseitprovidedhealthbenefits.LanguageAppreciationTranslation:把汽车和飞机进行类比是很难的。makeacomparisonbetween(sth.andsth.else)在…之间作类比It'sdifficulttomakeananalogybetweencarsandairplanes.13.make/drawananalogybetween(Para.24)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:不要企图把一个和警察激烈作对的人塑造成英雄。changeapersonorthingintosth.else使……变成Don’ttrytomakeaherooutofamanwhoviolentlyconfrontedthepolice.14.makesth.outofsb./sth.(Para.26)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:用新方法处理税收及福利问题的时候已经到来。Itistimeforsth.该是……的时候了Thetimehascomeforanewwayofdealingwiththetaxandbenefitissues.15.Thetimehascomeforsth.(Para.26)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:太阳能就是把太阳的能量转化为热与电。theprocessofchangingsth.fromoneform,purpose,orsystemtoanother转变；改造；转换Solarpoweristheconversionofthesun’senergyintoheatandelectricity.16.conversion:n.[C,U]

(Para.26)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:他希望有一天能刷新世界纪录。beevenbetterorgreaterthansb.orsth.else超过；胜过Hehopesonedaytosurpasstheworldrecord.17.surpass:vt.

(Para.31)LanguageAppreciationTranslation:经理和他的团队讨论了策略问题。aparticularmethodorplanforachievingsth.方法；策略；手法Themanagerdiscussedtacticswithhisteam.18.tactic:n.[C.usu.pl.]

(Para.33)LanguageAppreciation