2022年陕西省咸阳市统招专升本英语二模测试卷(含答案)VIP

2022年陕西省咸阳市统招专升本英语二模测试卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、单选题(20题)1.（）theywouldsupportuswasaproblem

A.ThatB.WhatC.IfD.Whether

2.Jessicaoughttostopstudying;shehasaheadachebecauseshetoolong（）

A.readsB.isreadingC.hasbeenreadingD.hadread

3.Believein____.You'rethebestinourclub（）

A.yourselfB.myselfC.herselfD.himself

4.Youwillbeabletocatchthefirstbustothetownifyouat6o'clock（）

A.getupB.willgetupC.aregettingupD.gotup

5.Thisarticle______moreattentiontotheproblemofculturalinterferenceinforeignlanguageteachingandlearning（）

A.callsforB.allowsforC.caresforD.appliesfor

6.Acleanappearancemakesaimpressionataninterview（）

A.favorableB.favoredC.favoriteD.favoring

7.Atleast150peoplearebelieved_____intheaircrash（）

A.todieB.dyingC.tohavediedD.havingdied

8.Whenwearrivedattheairport,weweretoldourflight______（）

A.cancelled

B.hadcancelled

C.hasbeencancelled

D.hadbeencancelled

9.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastnight（）

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

10.Tomhasbeensufferingfromlungcancerforhalfayear,sothedoctorsuggestedthatTom______anoperationassoonaspossible（）

A.takesB.wouldtakeC.tookD.shouldtake

11.—Didyouenjoytheparty?

—Yes.We（）wellbyourhosts

A.weretreatedB.wouldbetreatedC.treatedD.hadtreated

12.Whattimewoulditbeconvenient_____ustomeetagain（）

A.ofB.forC.byD.with

13.Donot_____metohelpyouunlessyouworkharder（）

A.expectB.hopeC.dependD.think

14.Ifeltlike_______tohim,Don’tbesuchacomplainerallthe

time（）

A.sayB.sayingC.tobesaidD.tosay

15.Athiswordshestoodupandwalkedaway,stoppingatthewindowtopullbackthecurtainand（）

A.lookintoB.lookoutC.lookupD.lookon

16.Exercisehelpsthemtogrow____and____（）

A.taller;morestrong

B.tall;stronger

C.taller;stronger

D.taller;strong

17._____somemoretime,andIwillfindasolutiontotheproblem（）

A.GivingmeB.GiventomeC.GivemeD.Givetome

18.All______isacontinuoussupplyoffuel（）

A.whatisneeded

B.thethingneeded

C.thatisneeded

D.fortheirneeds

19.Ourhopesatthefirstsightofthedoctor（）

A.aroseB.raisedC.roseD.aroused

20.Petermay_____withthis,butIdon’treallycare（）

A.disagreeB.failC.differD.discourage

二、选词填空题(10题)21.Researchershavefoundthatpeoplewhogotoconcerts,showsandmuseumscanlivelongerthan1whodonot.ExpertsfromUniversityCollegeLondonhavebeenexaminingthelifestylesofover6,700Britishpeople215years.They3howoftenthepeoplewentoutandwhatkindsofeventstheyattended.Theyfoundthatpeopleover50yearsold4regularlywenttoconcertswereabout30percent5likelytodieoverthenext14years.Theresearcherssaidtheover50scouldextendtheirlife6engagingwiththearts.Inadditiontolivinglongerconcertgoerscouldalsohavemorefun.TheUKHealthSecretaryMattHancockbelievestherecouldbealotof7intheresearch.Hesaidartsandculturecould8thingslikementalhealth,agingandloneliness.He9announcedplansfortheUK’sNationalHealthServicetousetheartstohelppeopleliveahealthierlife.Oneresearchersaid,“Ourresultshighlighttheimportanceof10toexplorenewsocialfactorsthataffectourhealth.”1.____

22.3.____

23.Studentsatuniversitycanlearnandmakefriends1willlastalifetime.However,thecostofstudyingisontherise.Thisincreasemeansthatmoststudentscangetintomoneytrouble2theydonotknowhowtomanagetheirmoney.Itisnotjustthecoursefees.Studentsmustalso3forroomandboard.Inaddition,theymayspendmoney4clothes,travel,andotherthings.Thus,studentsneedtobudget5.Atmostuniversitiesteacherscangivestudentssuggestionsonhowtospendtheirmoney.Thefirstthingtheysuggestistowritedownyour6,forexample,themoneyyouwillgetfromyourfamilyorapart-timejob.Thenlistallofyourexpenses.Putyourexpensesintotwo7:thosethatchange(food,books,travel),andthosethatwillstaythesame(tuition,roomandboard).Addtogetherallofyourexpenses.Whenyoudothis,youfinditis8toplanoutyourbudget.Thismeansyoucansaveyourmoney,ratherthantryingto9fromothers.Asyoucansee,thereismoretolearnatuniversitythanjust10istaughtintheclassroom.____

三、情景对话(10题)24.68.____（）

25.2（）

A.Notatall

B.Anyothersuggestions?

C.Itdependsontheweather

D.AnythingIcandoforyou？

E.Whatareyouuptothisweekend

26.8.____（）

27.67.____（）

28.Man：Hello.CouldIspeaktoMr.Smith?

Woman：11Heisinanimportantmeeting.Oh,yes.I’msuretherewillbeanendofthismeetingbyfiveo’clockthisafternoon.12

Man：Yes.ThisisJones.Thenumber…

Woman：Oh!（Theotherphonerings）.13Ihaveanothercallontheotherline.Holdonaminute,please,ifyoudon’tmind.

…

Woman：Hello.Areyouthere,Mr.Jones?

Man：Yes,thenumberis5079864.14

Woman：Yes,ofcourse.

Man：CouldyoutellhimI’mattheBeijingHotelinRoom4021?

Woman：15I’msurehe’llbecallingyouback.Good-bye.

A.Pleaseletmethinkitover.

B.I’mafraidIcan’tansweryourquestion.

C.Allright.

D.Couldyoutellmeyournameandgivemeyourtelephonenumber,please?

E.CanIleaveamessage,please?

F.I’msorry.

G.Excuseme,Mr.Jones

29.4（）

A.Whatdoyouthinkistohappen?

B.Peoplehavebeentalkingofitrecently

C.Isthereanythingthatwecando?

D.Doyouthinkit’spossiblethatitwillhappen?

E.What’stheproblemthen

30.Mike:Goodmorning!66

Tom:Yes,mayIseeyourproductionmanager,Mr.Smith,please?

Mike:Iamsorry.67

Tom:Well,I'dliketomakeanappointmenttoseehimsometimenextweek.

Mike:68Yes,Mr.Smithdoesn'tseemtobebusyonTuesdaymorningandFridayafternoon.

Tom:69

Mike:Would9:30beconvenient?

Tom:Yes,that'llbefine.

Mike:I'llmakeanoteofthat.70

Tom:Yes,thisismynamecard.Youcancontactmeanyday.

Mike:OK.

Tom:Thankyouverymuch!Good-bye!

Mike:Good-bye!

A.CouldImakeanappointmentforTuesdaymorning?

B.CanIhelpyou?

C.MayIhaveyourname,please?

D.Mr.Smithisoutonbusinesstoday.

E.LetmecheckMr.Smith'sdiary

66.____（）

31.3（）

A.Butwhatdoyoudonow?

B.It’sreallywarm

C.IguessIshouldintroducemyself

D.I’montheradiostation

E.Really

32.72.____（）

33.Task1（每小题2分，共10分）

M:Hello,IwouldliketospeaktoMr.Lee.

W:66

M:ThisisLinda,youroldfriend.

W:Oh,howareyou,Linda?67

M:Mr.Smithwrotetomethatyouwerecomingtoourcity.MayIseeyouatyourhotelrightaway?

W:68Ihavetocheckmyschedule.Yes,that'sallright.

M:Great.I'llbethereinhalfanhour.

W:69

M:Oh,Ialmostforgot.What'syourroomnumber?

W:70Pleasecallmeifyoucan'tfindme.

M:I'lldothat.Seeyoulater.

A.Pleaseholdonamoment.

B.It'sNo.311onthesecondfloor.

C.ThisisLeespeaking.

D.I'mgladyoucalled.

E.Allright,I'llbeexpectingyou

66.____（）

四、翻译(10题)34.Sometimes,thesefactorscangeneratemuchmoremeaningthanthewordsthemselves

35.正如您从我的简历中看到的那样，我具有这项工作所要求的所有资格条件

36.Theresearchersfoundthatslimwomenfidgetmorethanfatwomen,butthereisnosignificantdifferenceamongmen

37.吃过早饭后，作家就坐在书房里处理早上来的信件（）

38.暴风雨增加了士兵们营救被火灾困住的人们的困难

39.我明天早上没空，因为我那时要为一位朋友送行

40.如果有机会，约翰也许就已经成为一位杰出的画家了

41.TheUnitedStatesisconsideredasanadvancedcountryinsports

42.如今人们有了更多的闲暇时间，因而对各种服务的需求增长得如此快（）

43.Thedatatellusthatwhatmattersmostforhappinessisnothavingalotofthingsbuthavinghealthyvalues

五、阅读理解(10题)44.44.____（）

45.Passage3

Thedoghasoftenbeenanunselfishfriendtoman.Itisalwaysgratefultoitsmaster.Ithelpsmaninmanyways.Certainbreedsofdogsareusedincriminalinvestigations.Theyaretrainedtosniffoutdrugsandbombs.Theyhelpthepolicetocatchcriminals.

ThedogsthathelpincriminalinvestigationsaretrainedataschoolcalledtheMilitaryDogStudiesBranchoftheU.S.AirForceinLackland,Texas.Thedogstobetrainedareselectedbyanairforceteam.Thisteamvisitslargecitiesacrossthecountrytobuythedogs.Theymaybuydogsfromprivatecitizensforupto＄750each.Somecitizensfreelygivetheirdogs.Thedogsselectedmustbehealthy,braveandaggressive.Theymustbeabletofightbackiftheyareattacked.Thedogschosenarebetweentheagesofoneandthree.Theyaregivenamedicalexaminationwhentheyarriveattheschool.TheirphysicalexaminationincludesX-raysandhearttests.ThetraineedogsundergothefirststageoftrainingwhentheyarriveinLackland.Thisisan11-weekcourseforpatrolduty.Afterthiscourse,thebestdogsareselectedtogoonanother9-weekcourse.Theylearndrug-sniffingorbomb-sniffing.Afterthiscourse,thedogsarereadyfortheirjobsinthecitiesoronairforcebases.

Thetraininggiventoadrug-sniffingdogisdifferentfromthatgiventoabomb-sniffingdog.Adrug-sniffingdogistrainedtoscratchanddigforthedrugswhenhesniffsthem.Abomb-sniffingdogsitsdownwhenhefindsabomb,whichisthealertforhiddenexplosives

Thedoghasbeenanunselfishfriendtoman,because（）

A.certaindogsarehelpfultothepolice

B.itisalwaysgratefultoitsmaster

C.ithelpsmaninmanyways

D.ofwhathasbeenstatedinbothBandC

46.Tofindajob,itisNOTnecessaryforastudenttosupply_____（）

A.awritingsample

B.aletterofapplication

C.anapplicationform

D.aresume

47.Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslikeseriousillnessofafamilymemberwerehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.

Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.andmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchwasdescribedbrieflyinamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslikeStresscausesillness!Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.

Butsuchsimpleadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription（处方）forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.

Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallweakandpassiveinthefaceofdifficulties.Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manypeoplewhocomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalenergythantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmetalstrain

HolmesandRahemadeamedicalresearchon______（）

A.whattodotoavoidstress

B.whattodotocopewithstress

C.whatkindofeventscancausestress

D.whatkindofstresscancausechanges

48.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothelastparagraph（）

A.Thewritingdidnottrulyreflectthefeelings

B.Theteacherlikedthewritingverymuch

C.Theteacher'sprioritywasonthechild'sideas

D.Theauthordisagreedtotheteacher'scomments

49.48.____（）

50.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsoverheadbridges（）

A.Itisinconvenienttoolderpeopletowalkacrosstheroad

B.Itismuchsaferforpedestriansthoughclimbingupanddownthestepsmaybealittledifficult

C.Anoverheadbridgeismorebeautifulthanazebracrossing

D.Tobuildoverheadbridgesisthebusinessofthegovernment

51.PassageThreeWhenIfirstmetNina,Idislikedheratonce.Shewaswearingskintightpedalpushers,aflashy,floppytop,andsneakerswithnosocks—bizarrelyinappropriateevenatourveryinformalcompany.Soon,NinawasdoggedlypumpingmeforinformationaboutthenewdepartmentIwasrunning,whereshehopedtogetapermanentjob.Notachance,Ithought.NotifIhaveanythingtosayaboutit.However,Ididn’t.Withinafewdaysshewas“tryingout”forme.Igaveheramoderatelydifficult,uninteresting,andunimportantprojectthatIdidn’tneedformonths.Ittookthatlongforhersuccessortoputinorderthemessshehadmadeoutofit.AlthoughIcouldn’thavepredictionexactlywhatNinawoulddo,inthreeminutesIhadassessedherassomeonewhocouldnotbereliedontogetajobdone.Weallmakequickjudgmentsaboutstrangers.Withinsecondsafterwemeetsomeone,wetakeinahostofdetailsanddrawratherlargeconclusionsfromthem.Wemaydecideinaminutewhetheritissomeone’snaturetobewarmorcold,friendlyorhostile,anxiousorcalm,happyortroubled.Unconsciously,weoftenaskandquicklyanswercertainquestions:WillIenjoytalkingtohimatthisparty?Willshemakeaninterestingfriend?Willhe/shemakeagoodboss/salesmanager/secretaryforme?Ifwegettoknowthepersonbetter,wemaychangeourminds.Butwemaynothavethechance.FromNina’sinappropriatedressandaggressivebehaviortowardme,I’ddecidedshewaspushy,stupid,andhadpoorjudgment.IalsohadalotofvagueimpressionsIcouldn’texplain.Itwasasifawarningbellwentoffinmyhead.Itsmessage:thispersonwasnottobetrusted;herbehaviorwouldbeunpredictable;shewasmotivatedbyapeculiaragendaofherownthatIwouldneverunderstand.Iwasusingacombinationofobservation,inferenceandintuition.WhydidtheauthordislikeNina?

A.Becauseofherbadlylookingsneakers.

B.Becauseofherinappropriatedressandaggressivebehavior.

C.Becauseofherspecialuniform.

D.Becauseofherdirtywordstotheauthor.

52.Howwerethejobapplicantsabletoliewithoutbeingdetected（）

A.Byleavingoutsomenecessaryinformation

B.Byprovidingmoreinformationthanneeded

C.Byusingtheirbodylanguage

D.Bytellingsomeunbelievablelies

53.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit______（）

A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegree

B.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompany

C.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokers

D.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted

六、作文题(1题)54.Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteALetterofSuggestiontooneofyourlecturers.Youshouldwriteinabout100wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.表达喜欢讲师授课的地方；

2.建议应当如何提高；

3.表达感激之情

参考答案

1.DD分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句。whether（是否）可以引导主语从句，位于句首，但if不可以。that可以引导主语从句，但没有词义，不符合题意；what引导主语从句时，在句中作主语或宾语，但本句不缺句子成分，所以可排除。故选D

2.C杰西卡应该停止学习。她因为读书太久而感到头疼。

［考点］动词时态

【精析】C根据句意可知，读书这一动作已经持续了很长时间,并且该动作仍在进行,还有可能继续下去，所以应用现在完成进行时。故选C

3.A

4.A如果6点起床的话，你就可以赶上去镇里的首班车。

［考点］动词时态

【精析】A分析句子结构可知，句中包含了一个if引导的条件状语从句。根据主句中的willbeableto可知，主句为一般将来时，所以从句应遵循主将从现的原则，用一般现在时表示将来。故选A

5.AA。callfor：呼吁，需要；allowfor：考虑到；carefor：照顾，喜欢；applyfor：申请。根据句意可知，选A

6.A面试时，外观整洁会留下好印象。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Afavorable：有利的，良好的，makeafavorableimpression意为留下好印象；favor是动词，意为赞成，喜欢；favorite：最喜欢的；favoring不能作形容词。根据句意可知，选A

7.C大家认为至少有150人在空难中遇难。

［考点］非谓语动词

【精析】Cbebelievedtodo意为人们认为……。根据句意可知，死这一动作发生在arebelieved所表示的动作之前，所以应用不定式的完成式。故选C

8.D当到达机场时，我们被告知航班已经取消了。

［考点］动词时态和语态

【精析】D根据句意可知，取消（cancel）所表示的动作发生在被告知（weretold）之前，所以应用过去完成时，即谓语动词用had+过去分词的形式，表示在过去某个时间或某个动作发生之前已经完成的动作。又因flight和cancel之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。综上所述，空处应用hadbeen+过去分词的形式。故选D

9.B要不是因为英语考试，我昨晚就去听音乐会了。

［考点］虚拟语气

【精析】B根据wouldhavegone可知,本句是对过去发生事情的虚拟。butfor：要不是，可用于虚拟语气，符合题意。inspiteof：尽管；becauseof：因为；asfor：至于，均无此用法

10.D汤姆遭受肺癌折磨已经有半年了，所以医生建议汤姆尽快做手术。

［考点］虚拟语气

【精析】D在表示建议、命令、要求等的动词后面跟宾语从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形的形式，should可以省略。故选D

11.A——你在那个聚会玩得好吗?

——是的。我们被主人招待得特别好!

［考点］动词的时态和语态

【精析】A根据第一个句子中的did可以看出聚会发生在过去。两个人现在谈了过去的事情,用过去时;同时主语我们和谓语动词应该是被动关系。故选A。B项是过去将来时;C、D两项是主动语态,均不符合题意

12.B［翻译］我们什么时候方便再次见面呢？

［考点］词语搭配

【精析】BItisconvenientforsb.todosth.意为某人方便做某事，应用介词for,故选B

13.AA句意：除非你更努力学习，否则别指望我会帮助你。词语搭配题。此处后面跟的是不定式结构tohelpyou，在四个选项中，只有expect一个选项在意思上与句意相符，且能构成expectsb.todosth.的结构，因此本题选A

14.B句意：我想跟他说，不要老是怨天尤人的。词语搭配题。feellikedoingsth.表示想要做某事

15.B听了他的话，她站起身走开了，然后停在窗前，拉开窗帘，向外眺望。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】Blookinto：调查，观察；lookout：向外看；lookup：抬头望，查阅；lookon：旁观。根据句意可知，选B

16.CC分析句子结构并结合选项可知，这里应用tall和strong的比较级形式。tall的比较级为taller,strong的比较级为stronger。故选C

17.C［翻译］再给我一些时间，我就会找到这个问题的解决方法。

［考点］祈使句

【精析】C分析句子结构可知，and前为一个单独的句子，且givesb.sth.是固定用法，表示给某人某物，故本题应选C，构成一个祈使句

18.C保持燃料的持续供应是所有需要做的事情。

［考点］定语从句

【精析】C分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句，先行词为不定代词All。当先行词为不定代词时，后跟的定语从句只能用that引导。且need与关系词（指代All）之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。故选C

19.A一看到医生我们就有了希望。

［考点］词义辨析

【精析】A

arise：起床，发生，出现；raise:提高，增加，举起；rise:上升，增加，升起，起身，增强；arouse:唤醒，引起，激起。根据句意，选A

20.AA句意：彼特可能不会同意这样不与with搭配;differwith意为与……不同；discourage（阻止）也不与with搭配，故选A

21.JA.studied（v.学习，研究）B.continuing（v.继续，持续）C.by（prep.通过）D.who（pron.引导定语从句）E.whose（pron.引导定语从句）F.improve（v.改进，改善）G.truth（n.事实，真相）H.ignored（v.忽视，不予理睬）I.recently（adv.最近，不久前）J.those（pron.那些）K.for（prep.表示一段时间）L.less（adv.更少，较少）J分析句子结构可知，空后的who引导一个定语从句，空处为其先行词，所以空处应填指人的名词或代词。符合要求的选项只有J。those在此处指代上文中的people，此处表达的是“不去（音乐会、演出和博物馆）的那些人”。故选J。

22.DK根据空后的名词短语15years可知，空处应填介词。符合要求的选项有C、K。句意：15年来，来自伦敦大学学院的专家们一直在调查超过6,700名英国人的生活方式。故选K。

23.HH分析句子结构可知，空处应填引导词，引导一个定语从句，修饰指人的先行词friends。符合要求的选项只有H。句意：学生在上大学时可以学习并交到将持续一生的朋友。故选H。

24.B

25.C

26.A由前一句它相当小可知，空处应该是对这个小城镇的描述。所以选项中Thepopulationisonlyabout50,000.最符合语境。故选A

27.D

28.11.F12.D13.G14.E15.C

29.A

30.B

31.A

32.C

33.C

34.有时，这些因素能比词汇本身产生更多的意思

35.Asyoucanseefrommyresume,Ihaveallthequalificationsrequiredforthejob

36.研究人员发现，身材苗条的女士比肥胖的女士更容易坐立不安，但在男士中却没有明显的差异

37.CC根据句意可知，作家和吃之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且吃过早饭所表示的动作发生在坐在书房里所表示的动作之前，所以应用现在分词的完成式。A项是现在分词的完成被动式；B项Had前缺少主语，且前后两部分没有连接词；D项是现在分词的一般式。故选C

38.Thestormaddedtothesoldiers’difficultyinrescuingthepeoplestuckinthefire.【精析】增加了可译为addto,……的困难可译为difficultyindoing,被火灾困住作定语修饰人们,可将其译为后置定语stuckinthefire

39.Iwon’tbefreetomorrowmorningbecauseI’llbeseeingafriendoff

40.Givenachance,Johnmighthavebecomeanoutstandingpainter

41.美国被认为是一个体育强国

42.BB根据句意可知，前后两句为因果关系。A项句子是并列关系，故排除A项；C项和D项将需求增长译为需求被增长，与题干意思不符。故选B

43.数据显示，对于幸福来说最重要的不是拥有很多东西，而是拥有健康的价值观。【精析】本句是个复合句。Thedatatellusthat…为常用句型，意为数据显示，数据表明，其后跟宾语从句。在宾语从句中，what引导主语从句，而not…but…结构为常考句型，表示不是……而是……。matter为动词，意为有关系，要紧，healthyvalues意为健康的价值观

44.A

45.D［考点］事实细节题

【精析】D根据第一段前三句可知，选项B和C都正确，而选项A只是对选项C的一个补充或举例说明。故选D