2023中考英语二轮复习短文语法选择首字母阅读题金新选7

PAGEPAGE72023中考英语短文语法选择、首字母、阅读题金新选〔7〕一、阅读理解。A〔2023中考科普环保类选练〕Theworldisnotonlyhungrybutalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97%ofthatisseawaterorsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%offreshwaterfromrivers,lakes,undergroundandsoon.Andwecannotevenuseallofthatbecausesomeofithasbeenmadedirty.

EarthDayisApril22.Butonallotherdays,wemustalsorememberhowimportantwateris.Thewaterthatweuseisthemostimportantnaturalresourceontheearth.Todaywefaceseriouswaterproblems.Oneofthemiswaterpollution.Allkindsofthingsfromcars,factories,farmsandhomesmakeourrivers,lakesandoceansdirty.Pollutedwaterisverybadforpeopletodrink.Anddirtywaterisbadforfish,too.

Howdocarsandfactoriesmakeourwaterdirty?Firsttheypollutetheair.Thenwhenitrains,therainwatermakesourdrinkingwaterdirty.Dirtyrain,calledacidrain〔酸雨〕,isalsobadforplants,animalsandbuildings.Scientistssaythatin30years,morethanhalfofthepeopleintheworldwon'thaveenoughdeanwater.Wehavetolearnhowtostopwastingwater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.Todayinmostlargecities,wateri~usedonlyonceandthensereoutintoasewersystem〔下水道〕.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorgoesunderground.

Buteventhougheverylargecityreuseditswater,wewouldstillnothaveenough.Soweshouldmakeuseofseawaterbyremovingthesaltinit.Ifwecantakethesesteps,freshwaterwon'tbeusedup.1.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecause______.

A．wedon'thaveenoughfreshwater

B．alotofwatergoesintosewersystems

C．only70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiswater

D．seawateriswidelyusedratherthanfreshwater2.Theunderlinedword"face"means"______".

A．turnthefacedown

B．turnthefaceup

C．turnthefaceto

D．turnthefaceback3.Fromthispassage,weknowacidrain________.

A．isonlybadforlivingthings

B．isnotbadforbuildingsandfactories

C．canbeproducedinfactories

D．isbadforpeople,animals,plantsandbuildings4.Onedifficultwaywecansolvetheproblemisto______.

A．usethewaterwithsaltinit

B．removethesaltfromseawater

C．getwaterfromunderground

D．reusethewaterincities5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Freshwaterandseawater

B．AthirstycountryC．Theimportanceofwater

D．Theworld'swaterproblem参考答案ACDBDBDifferentcountrieshavemanydifferentkindsofclimate(气候)．Andinonebigcountrypeopleindifferentareasmayoftenhavedifferentkindsofclimatesaswell.TheUnitedStateshasmanydifferentkindsofclimate.Onthenorthwestcoast(海岸)，thetemperaturechangesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter.Itisnothotorcoldalltheyeararound.Butthepeopleinthenorthcentralstateshaveaverydifferentkindofclimate.Inthosestates，peoplewearlightclothesinsummer，andinwintertheyneedtowearheavywoolenclothes.InthesouthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates，temperaturesinsummerareverydifferentfromthoseinwinter.Summerisusuallyhot，andwinterisusuallycold.Inspringthetemperaturesarewarm，andinfalltemperaturesarecool.Manyyearsago，peopleinthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStatesdidn'toftengetfreshvegetablesandfreshfruitsduringthesummer.Today，however，trucksandtrainscarryfruitsandvegetablesveryquicklytothecoldpartsoftheUnitedStates.Inthisway，Americans“sendtheirclimates〞topeopleinotherstates.()6.Thesummerandwintertemperaturesarealmostthesame______.A.inthenortheastoftheUnitedStates B.onthenorthcentralstatesC.inthewestoftheUnitedStates D.onthenorthwestcoast()7.Inthenorthcentralstatespeoplewear______clothesinsummerand______clothesduringthewinter.A.silk;light B.light;heavywollenC.wool;cotton D.wool;silk()8.Theword“temperature〞inthispassagemeans“______〞inChinese.A.湿度 B.脾气C.气候 D.温度()9.Todaypeople______cangetfreshvegetablesandfreshfruits.A.inthenorthcentralstates B.ineverypartoftheUnitedStatesC.inthecoldpartsoftheUnitedStates D.inthesouthwestpartoftheUnitedStates()10.FromthepassageweknowthattheclimateoftheUnitedStates______.A.isalwaysverycold B.iswarminwinterC.iswidelydifferent D.changesverylittlebetweensummerandwinter参考答案6～10DBDCCC〔2023年选练--科普环保类〕Whenyoulookupintotheskyatnight,haveyoueverfeltthatyoureyesareplayingtrickson(捉弄)you?Itseemsthatthestarsaremovingallthetime.Actually,thereisnothingwrongwithyoureyes.Thistwinklingeffectiscalledscintillation(交光).Scintillationhappensbecauseofairmovementsintheearth’satmosphere(大气).Lightis“bent(弯曲的)〞whenittravelsthroughdifferentpartsoftheearth’satmosphere.Astheairintheearth’satmosphereismovingallthetime,thelightfromthestarslooksasifitismovingtoo.Thesamethingalsohappenstothingsontheground.Onaveryhotandshinyday,ifyoulookattheroad,theimageinthedistanceisnotclearandthingsmoveslightly.Youcanalsoseethesameeffectifyoudroparockintowater.Therockappearsalittleunclearunderthemovingwater.Thistwinklingeffectcausesalotofproblemsforastronomers(天文学家)sincetheycannotobservethestarsclearly.Atelescope(望远镜)wassentintospacesothattheairmovementsintheatmospherecouldbeavoided(防止).Ittookalongtimetobuildthespacetelescopebutfinallyin1990,ahugespacetelescopecalledtheHubbleSpaceTelescopewassuccessfullysentintospace.Sincethen,astronomershavemanyimportantobservationsthathavehelpedpeopleunderstandspacebetter.根据短文内容，选择最正确选项。1．Whathappenstothelightfromthestarsweseewhentheairintheearth’satmosphereismoving?A.Itlooksevenbrighter.B.Itlooksasifitisbent.C.Itlooksasifitismoving.D.Itlookslikedropsofrain.2．Scintillationalsohappensonaccordingtothepassage.A.rainydays B.shinydaysC.cloudydays D.windydays3．Whatcanyouseewhenyoudroparockintothewater?A.Therockgetsbroken.B.Therockbecomesunclear.C.Thewaterbecomesmuchpolluted.D.Thewaterdoesnotmoveanymore.4．Theunderlinedword“observe〞means“〞.A.watch B.listen C.draw D.explain5．Whyisscintillationaproblemforastronomers?A.Thestarsneverstaystill.B.Itmakesthestarstoodarktosee.C.Itmakesastronomersfeeltoohottowork.D.Astronomerscannotobservethestarsclearly.【参考答案】1．C2．B3．B4．A5．D【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了发生在大气中的一种重要的自然现象——交光现象，短文详细的介绍了这种现象的科学原理及其对宇航员工作的影响。1．根据第二段Astheairintheearth’satmosphereismovingallthetime,thelightfromthestarslooksasifitismovingtoo.描述，可知它看起来好似在移动，应选C。2．根据第三段Thesamethingalsohappenstothingsontheground.Onaveryhotandshinyday,描述，可知交光现象也可能发生在白天，应选B。3．根据第三段Youcanalsoseethesameeffectifyoudroparockintowater.Therockappearsalittleunclearunderthemovingwater.描述，可知石头变得看不清楚了。应选B。4．联系上下文，可知此处指的是，由于他们不能清楚地观察到星星。应选A，观察。5．根据最后一段Thistwinklingeffectcausesalotofproblemsforastronomers(天文学家)sincetheycannotobservethestarsclearly.描述，可知因此宇航员就不能清晰地观察星星了。应选D。考点：科普类说明文阅读点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。二、语法选择。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1-15各题所给的A、B、C、D项中选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastsummerholidays,myclassmatesandIhelpedwithacharityshow.Itsaimwastoraisemoneyforthosechildren_1_couldn’tgotoschoolinpoorareas.Itwasverymeaningfulforustodoit.Wedidalotforthat.IfelthappywhenI_2_tobethehost.Thoughitwasexciting,Iwas_3_nervousbecauseoftheTVcamerasthatIcouldn’tsleepallnight.Iknewthatlotsofpeople_4_towatchtheshow,alsotherewouldbealargeaudiencein_5_frontoftheTV.Asafewfamousstarswouldcometotheshow,oneofmyduties_6_tointroduceeachofthem.Ialsohadsome_7_thingstodo.SoIoftenworked_8_morningtonight.Itwashardwork,_9_Iwashappy.Ipracticedalotbeforetheshow.Ihadtorememberallthewordsanddo_10_rightatthesametime.Atfirst,IthoughtIwouldneverbeabletodoitbetter.Ikept_11_myselfnottobenervous.Slowlyeverythingbecameeasier.Thebigdaycameveryfast._12_peoplecametotheshow.Theydonatedmoneyandmaterials.Andthelocalbusinessalsogave_13_alotofsupport.Howgeneroustheyare!Aftertheshow,wesentthedonationstothosepoorchildren.Soontheywroteback.Theywerereallygratefultous.Iwasveryproud_14_Icouldhelpthem.Ihope_15_peoplewillalwayshelpthem.1.A.whichB.whomC.whoD.whose2.A.chooseB.choseC.amchosenD.waschosen3.A.veryB.soC.tooD.such4.A.comeB.willcomeC.comingD.wouldcome5.A.aB.anC.theD./6.A.isB.wasC.areD.were7.A.otherB.othersC.theotherD.another8.A.fromB.inC.atD.on9.A.orB.butC.andD.so10.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything11.A.tellB.tellingC.toldD.totell12.A.HundredB.HundredsofC.HundredofD.Twohundredsof13.A.weB.usC.ourD.ourselves14.A.ofB.whichC.whatD.that15.A.manyandmanyB.moreandmanyC.moreandmoreD.muchandmuch参考答案1—5CDBDC6—10BAABD11—15BBBDC三、短文首字母填空。.根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限填一词。Haveyouevercomplainedwhylifeissotiring?Doestheskysometimesseemsd___1____toyou?Well,friends,cheerupandsmileallthetime.Ifyouseetheworldwithyourwarmheart,youwillfindthewholeworld___