高考总复习英语（北师大版）Unit10Money（必修四）

/17/17/Unit10Money扶贫项目启示假如你是济南第一中学(JinanNo.1HighSchool)的李华，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。请根据以下启事，写一封英文申请信。启事国际儿童基金会将帮助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费5000元。有意者请来信告知：1．你个人的基本情况；2.你对申请项目的基本设想；3.项目经费的使用计划。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DearChairman，①I’mwritingtoyoutoapplyfortheproject，whichwilloffermeanopportunitytohelpmorechildren.First，I’llintroducemyselftoyou.I’mLiHua，aSenior3studentofgoodcharacterandfinescholarshipatJinanNo.1HighSchool.I’malwaysreadytohelpothersinmydailylife.IfIsucceedinapplyingforit，I’llkeepintouchwiththepoorchildrenfrequentlybywritingletters，emailsormeetingfacetoface.Inthemeanwhile，I’llhelpthemacquireacorrectoutlookonlife，helpingthemexploitknowledgetochangetheirfuture.②Takingtheprojectfundintoaccount，I’lldivideitintotwoparts.Oneisusedfortheirtuition；theotherisfortheirdailylife.Suchismyplan.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreplyatyourearliestconvenience.Yourssincerely，LiHua根据①句临摹临摹1：这是一次非常有教育意义的活动，将为我们提供一次很好的进行交流的机会。Thisisaninstructiveactivity，_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.根据②句临摹临摹2：考虑到目前他的身体状况，我们建议他最好休息一下。________________________________________________________________________，wesuggestthatheshouldhaveagoodrest.答案：1.whichwillofferusagoodopportunitytocommunicatewitheachother.2．TakinghispresentphysicalconditionintoaccountⅠ.核心单词识记(一)写作单词识记1．defeat(vt.)战胜，击败2．earn(vt.)挣得，赚得3．bargain(n.&vi.)讨价还价；便宜货4．appeal(vi.)吸引；呼吁5．contain(vt.)包含，含有6．balance(n.)平衡7．advance(vi.)前进；取得进展8．contact(vt.&n.)联系9．replace(vt.)代替，取代10．cigarette(n.)香烟(二)阅读单词识记1．nativeadj.出生地的；本土的2．fluentlyadv.流利地3．enjoyableadj.使人快乐的4．drunkadj.(酒)醉的5．greedyadj.贪婪的6．aggressiveadj.好斗的，有进取心的7．approximatelyadv.近似地，大约地8．signaln．信号9．commentvi.&vt.评论10．automaticadj.自动地(三)核心单词拓展1．motivate(vt.)使有动机，促使，激发→motivation(n.)动力，诱因2．achievement(n.)完成，成就→achieve(vt.)完成；实现3．exist(vi.)存在，生存→existence(n.)存在，生存4．variety(n.)多样化，多样性→various(adj.)各种各样的→vary(v.)相异，不同5．determine(vt.)确定，决定→determination(n.)决心，决定→determined(adj.)有决心的6．concern(vt.)使忧虑；与……相关→concerned(adj.)担心的→concerning(prep.)关于7．pleased(adj.)高兴的，满意的→please(vt.)使满意；使高兴→pleasing(adj.)令人高兴的；令人满意的→pleasure(n.)令人高兴的事8．aware(adj.)知道的，意识到的→awareness(n.)意识9．product(n.)产品，出品→produce(v.)生产→production(n.)生产；成果；作品10．enthusiastic(adj.)很感兴趣的，热情的→enthusiasm(n.)热情11．ashamed(adj.)羞耻的，惭愧的→shame(v.)使感到羞愧→shameful(adj.)可耻的，丢脸的12．annoy(vt.)打搅；使烦恼→annoyed(adj.)烦恼的→annoying(adj.)使人烦恼的→annoyance(n.)烦恼13．amusement(n.)乐趣，娱乐活动→amuse(vt.)以……自娱，逗……乐→amused(adj.)觉得好笑的→amusing(adj.)有趣的，好笑的14．practical(adj.)实际的；实践的→practise(v.)实践→practice(n.)实践15．puzzle(vt.)使困惑→puzzled(adj.)困惑的→puzzling(adj.)令人困惑的16．behave(vi.)举止，表现→behavior(n.)举止，表现Ⅱ.核心短语背诵1．dropout 退出，退学2．make/earnaliving 谋生3．bedeterminedtodo 决心做某事4．dreamup 凭空想出，虚构出5．putoff 推迟6．atpresent 目前，现在7．outofwork 失业8．giveaway 赠送；泄露(秘密)9．taketurns 轮流10．beconcernedabout 对……关心，挂念11．turnone’sbackon 不理睬；拒绝12．betiredof... 厌倦了……13．appealto... 吸引……；呼吁14．tobeexact 确切地说15．what’smore 而且，此外16．beassociatedwith 将……与……联系起来Ⅲ.经典句式精练1．Charlesbelievesthatmanypeoplewanttoearnalotofmoneysothattheywillnothaveanyworries(以便他们不会有任何烦恼)．(sothat引导目的状语从句)2．Ifso(如果这样的话)，itistimeforyoutothinkagain.(if省略结构)3．Infact，itisyouwho(是你)havethemostimportantroletoplayinstoppingYellowRivererosion.(Itis...that/who...强调句型)4．Itisnobiggerthan(不比……大)acreditcard！(no＋比较级＋than)5．Theyareverypracticalandeasytowash(很实用且便于清洗)．(主语＋系动词＋形容词＋todo)6．Comfortableandsafe(舒适又安全)，theseattractiveshoescanbeworntoanyevent.(形容词作状语)Ⅳ.课文语法填空根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。Alotofpeople，whospendhalftheirtimethinkingabouttheways1.to_become(become)rich，aredeterminedtobecomeamillionaire.Infact，evenifsomeofthemgetrich，theyarenotcontentwiththeirlifeatall.2.However，CharlesGrayisn’tsuchaperson.CharlesGray，whousedtobeacollegeprofessor3.withahugesix－bedroomhouse，liveinasmalldormitoryroom4.wherethereisonlyoldfurniture.Hefelthappytogive5.upthelifestyleofarichman,6.getting(get)clothesorotherthingsfromcharityshops.Afewyearsago，Charlesbecameawarethattherewerealotofpeoplewho7.were(be)lackinginfood，sohedonatedallhismoney8.tocharities.InCharles’sopinion，mostpeoplenevermakemuchmoney？9.having(have)onlyalittlemoneymakesonefreeand10.happier(happy)．[联想微空间]1.v.＋ment变身名词①achievementn．成就，完成②amusementn．乐趣③disappointmentn．失望④developmentn．发展⑤appointmentn．约定，约会2.合成名词(n.＋n.)①necklacen．项链，项圈②raincoatn．雨衣③schoolbagn．书包④classroomn．教室⑤salesgirln．女售货员3.re－前缀①removev．移开②reactv．重做，反应③recyclev．再回收④replayv．重放⑤rebuildv．重建defeatvt.战胜，击败n.失败，击败[高考佳句](2017·江苏卷)OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death，smart－phonesdefeatedconventionalPCsinsales.在乔布斯去世仅5年后，智能手机在销量上打败了传统电脑。考点必记(1)defeatsb.inamatch在比赛中击败某人defeatby以……战胜(2)defeatn．失败，挫败admit/acknowledgedefeat承认失败sufferdefeat遭受失败同义句改写/单句语法填空①Whentheresultsofthevotewereannounced，thePrimeMinisteracknowledgeddefeat.→Whentheresultsofthevotewereannounced，thePrimeMinisteracknowledgedhavingbeendefeated.选举结果宣布后，这位总理才承认失败。②Whathesaidmeantadmitting(admit)defeat.他说的话就意味着承认失败。[易混辨析]defeat，beat，windefeat“击败”，既可以表示战胜比赛或竞技对手，也可以指战争中打败敌人或使计划/希望落空、受挫beat“战胜”，主要用于竞技或比赛中战胜对手，其次还有“连续、有规律地敲打，心脏跳动”等意思win“赢得，获得”，其宾语通常是比赛、战斗、奖品、荣誉、好感等选用以上词语的适当形式填空③Inthespringsportsmeeting，ourclassbeat/defeatedClass10andwonthefootballmatch，whichmadeeveryoneofusexcited.在这次春季运动会上，我们班打败了十班，赢得了足球比赛的胜利，这使我们每一个人都非常激动。determinevt.确定，决定；使下定决心[高考佳句](2015·福建卷)Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied(拒绝)aneducation.他决心不会让他的任何一个孩子不接受教育。考点必记(1)determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事determinetodosth.决定做某事(表示动作)(2)determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决心做某事(表示状态)(3)determinationn．决心单句语法填空①Ihavedeterminedon/uponworkingasavolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.我已决定毕业后到农村支教。②ThoughTomwasstubborn，theydeterminedtopersuade(persuade)himtotraveltogether.虽然汤姆很固执，他们决定说服他一起去旅行。③Determined(determine)todothisonmyown，Ispentseveralweeksgoingdoor－to－doorforajob，butfoundlittleresponse.决定靠自己找一份工作后，我花费了几个星期的时间挨家挨户地找，但是没有得到什么回应。表示“决定做某事”的表达荟萃：①decidetodosth.②makeupone’smindtodosth.concernvt.使忧虑；与……相关n．担心；关心；关系[朗文]HowmuchmoneyIearnisnoneofyourconcern.我挣多少钱不关你的事。考点必记(1)show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关心(2)beconcernedabout/over/for关心；挂念……beconcernedwith/in牵扯进/参与……as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言(3)concerningprep.关于；有关完成句子/用所给单词的适当形式填空①Theyfollowtherules，helpout，andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.→Theyfollowtherules，helpout，andshow/expressconcernfor/aboutthepeopletheyworkwith.他们遵守规则，帮助别人克服困难，关心他们的同事。②AsfarasI’mconcerned，it’swisenottospendmuchtimeplayingwithsmart－phones.就我个人而言，不花太多的时间玩智能手机是明智的。③Allthepeopleconcerned(concern)withthecasewillbequestionedbythepolice.所有参与这个案件的人警察都要审问。[写作佳句]Iamwritingtoseeifitispossibleforyoutoprovidemewithinformationconcerningtheinterview.我写信是想知道你是否可以提供给我有关面试的信息。[名师指津]concerned作定语时的位置：(1)表示“忧虑的，担忧的，担心的”，作前置定语，如：aconcernedlook担忧的表情。(2)表示“有关的，涉及的”，作后置定语，如：theauthoritiesconcerned有关当局。awareadj.知道的，意识到的[高考佳句](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Nursesandothercare－giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.护士和别的护理人员需要明白当她们遇到患有焦虑的病人时保持安静或许是有意义的。考点必记eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(be/becomeawareofsth.,be/becomeawarethat...))知道/明白/意识到……asfarasI’maware...据我所知……完成句子/单句语法填空/单句改错①Weareawarethatheisinnocent.我们知道他是无罪的。②AsfarasI’maware，itisnecessarytomakepeopleawareoftheimportanceoflivingalow－carbonlife.据我所知，让人们意识到过低碳生活的重要性是必要的。③Heisveryawarethattheolddaysaregoneforever.very→well/much[写作佳句]Inconclusion，peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.总之，全世界的人们都应该意识到水资源短缺的真实现状。bargainvi.&n.交易；便宜货；讨价还价[教材原句]WhichofthefollowingdomostBritishpeoplebargainfor?在下面哪些东西上大多数英国人会讨价还价？考点必记(1)bargainwithsb.about/over/forsth.就某物与某人讨价还价(2)makeabargain(withsb.)(与某人)成交/达成协议It’sa(real)bargain.真便宜。写出下列句中bargain的含义①Ipickedupafewgoodbargainsinthesale.便宜货；减价品②I’vedonewhatIpromisedandIexpectyoutokeepyoursideofthebargain.协议；交易③Ifyoubargainwiththem，theymightreducetheprice.讲价；讨价还价[语境助记]Mywifeoftenpicksupsomebargainsfromthemarket.Thoughcheap，they’reofgoodquality.Lastweekend，shebargainedwithasalesgirlover/about/foradress.Atlastsheboughtitforonly15poundsanditwasarealbargain.我妻子常常从市场买到一些便宜货。虽然便宜，但品质优良。上周末她与女销售员就一件衣服讨价还价，最后她以15英镑买了它。真便宜！appealvi.吸引，引起兴趣；呼吁，恳求n．呼吁，要求[高考佳句](2017·江苏卷)HehadagoodearandsuggestedthatGabrielgointothemusicstore－roomtoseeifanyoftheinstrumentsthereappealedtohim.他对音乐有很好的欣赏能力并建议加布里埃尔去乐器储存室找一个吸引他的乐器。考点必记(1)makeanappealtosb.(fordoingsth.)向某人发出(做某事的)呼吁，引起某人(对做某事)的兴趣(2)appealtosb.使某人喜欢；吸引某人appealto...against...不服……而……上诉appealtosb.forsth.向某人呼吁/请求某事介词填空①Thegovernmentisappealingformoremoneytohelppeoplesufferingfromtheflood.政府呼吁人们捐赠更多的钱以支援受洪灾的地区。②Wemadeanappealtothevillagersformoneytobuildthebridge.为建造这座桥，我们呼吁村民捐款。[写作佳句]What’smore，itisanothereffectivewaytoappealtothenewsmedia.另外，这是吸引新闻媒体的另外一种有效的方法。[语境助记]MartinLutherKingappealedtotheblackstoappealtothehighestcourtagainstracialdiscrimination，whichgreatlyappealedtothewholeworld.马丁·路德·金呼吁黑人向最高法庭上诉反对种族歧视，这引起了全世界极大的关注。[形象识记]behavevt.举止，表现[教材原句]Atthattime，womenwereexpectedtostayathome，takecareoftheirhusbandsandchildren，andbehavelikeladies.那个时候，妇女应待在家里照顾丈夫和孩子，表现得跟淑女一样。考点必记(1)behavewell/badly(towards)(对……)表现好/不好behaveoneself表现得体，有礼貌(2)behaviourn．行为，举止，态度good/badbehaviour良好/恶劣行为单句语法填空①Youhadbetterbehaveyourself(you)，otherwise，you’llbemadefunof.你最好规矩一点，否则人家会取笑你的。②Parentshavethegreatesteffectontheirchildren’sbehavior(behave)．父母对孩子的行为有最深远的影响。③Topeople’ssadness，theybehavedbadly(bad)towardstheirguests.令人们难过的是，他们对客人的表现很坏。[写作佳句]SomepeoplemaintainthatwatchingviolenceonTVisoneofthemajorcausesofaggressivebehaviorandcrimeinsociety.一些人认为看暴力电视是导致社会上攻击性行为或犯罪的主要原因之一。advancevi.取得进展，前进；改进n．前进[牛津]Wefearedthatanadvanceonthecapitalwouldsoonfollow.我们担心接下来马上向着首都推进。考点必记(1)advanceon/upon/towards朝……前进inadvance提前，预先inadvanceof在……前面(2)advancedadj.高级的；先进的单句语法填空/完成句子①Thisresearchhasdonemuchtoadvance(advance)ourunderstandingoflanguagelearning.这项研究大大改进了我们对语言学习的认识。②Tomydelight，theyareadvancingtowardstheirgoal.令我高兴的是，他们正朝着他们的目标前进。③Whenstudentsweretoldmyruleinadvanceoftheclass，someofthemwerenothappy.上课之前，当我把我的规定告诉学生时，一些人很不高兴。[写作佳句]OurplanewillreachHongKongtenminutesinadvanceofitsscheduledtime.Pleasearriveattheairportalittleearliertopickmeup.我们的飞机比预定的时间提早了十分钟到达香港。请早一点到达香港接我。annoyvt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰[高考佳句](2017·天津卷)Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoying(annoy)ofall.毫无疑问它是所有(等待)中最烦人的。考点必记(1)annoysb.with/by因……而使某人烦恼(2)beannoyedat/aboutsth.因……而生气beannoyedwithsb.对某人生气beannoyedtodo...因做……而生气(3)annoyancen．恼怒；生气；使人烦恼的事toone’sannoyance使某人生气的是单句语法填空①Toherannoyance(annoy)，thestrangerdidnotgoaway.令她恼怒的是那位陌生人不走。②Shetappedherforeheadandlookedannoyed(annoy)withherself.她拍打着脑门，看上去在生自己的气。[写作佳句]Trymakinganoteofthethingswhichannoyyou，thenfindefficientwaystosolvethem.试着把烦心事写下来，然后寻找有效的方式解决他们。replacevt.代替，取代；把……放回原处[牛津]Itisnotagoodideatomissmealsandreplacethemwithsnacks.不吃正餐改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。考点必记(1)replacesth.with/bysth.用某物替换某物(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(inplaceof...,inone’splace,taketheplaceof...,takeone’splace))代替……单句语法填空/完成句子/同义句改写①(2017·江苏卷)Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplace(replace)floodedroadsandhighways.蕾兹万正在创造一个漂浮的链接代替被洪水冲垮的道路和公路。②Itisstillunderdiscussionwhethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。③他不适合这项工作，我们已经聘了一个新人代替他。Heisnotfitforthejob.We’vehiredanewonetosubstitutehim.→Heisnotfitforthejob.We’vehiredanewonetotaketheplaceofhim.→Heisnotfitforthejob.We’vehiredanewonetotakehisplace.→Heisnotfitforthejob.We’vehiredanewoneinhisplace.→Heisnotfitforthejob.We’vehiredanewoneinplaceofhim.putoff推迟，延期；拖延；使反感；脱掉(衣帽)[教材原句]RememberthatlearningEnglishrequiresaction.Don’tputitoff.记住，学习英语需要实际行动，不要拖延。考点必记putaside节省，储蓄；忽视，置之不理putaway收起来，放好；积蓄，存钱putout伸出；扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造putdown放下；平定；写下putupwith忍受；容忍(1)写出下列句中putoff的含义①It’dbemuchbettertoputoffthemeetingtillFriday.推迟②AfterIcameintothehouse，Iputoffmycoat.脱掉③Thecountry’sworseningreputationdoesnotseemtobeputtingoffthetourists.使反感(2)完成句子④Rudewords，name－calling，andaccusationsonlyaddfueltotheemotionalfire.Ontheotherhand，softwordsspokenatanormalsoundlevelcanputoutthefirebeforeitexplodesoutofcontrol.粗话、骂人和指责只会给情绪之火火上浇油；可是另一方面，以正常声调说出来的柔和话语却能让怒火在失控爆发前平息。[写作佳句]Maryisreallygoodattakingnotesinclass.Shecanalmostputdowneverywordherteachersays.玛丽真的很擅长在课堂上做笔记，她几乎能把老师说的每句话都记下来。giveaway赠送，捐赠；泄露(秘密)；颁发[教材原句]Thereforehegaveawayallhismoneytocharities.因此他把所有的钱都捐赠给了慈善机构。考点必记giveoff放出(气味、热、光)giveout分发，分配；发表；散发；精疲力竭，用尽givewayto撤退；让步，让路；让……优先givein屈服，让步(1)写出下列句中giveaway的含义①Shegaveawaystatesecretstotheenemy.泄露②Themayorgaveawaytheprizesattheschoolsportsday.颁发③Beforetheworld－famousscientistwasdying，hedecidedtogiveawayallhisprizestothecharity.捐赠(2)单句语法填空/完成句子④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.科学家们已经发现所有种类的植物当受到攻击的时候都会散发出VOCs(挥发性有机物)。⑤Atthisclimateconferenceourgovernmentgavein，inordertoprotectthebenefitsofotherdevelopingcountries.在气候大会上，为保护其他发展中国家的利益，我国政府作出了让步。[形象识记]dropout退出，退学[教材原句]CharlesGraydecidedtodropoutandhasdiscoveredthathavingonlyalittlemoneymakesyoufree.查尔斯·格雷决定退出，他发现仅有少量的钱财可以使人自由。考点必记dropby/over顺便拜访dropoutof/from脱离……dropin(onsb/ataplace)顺便拜访(某人/某地)dropoff落下；不知不觉入睡；送下车，送到；减少dropby顺道经过dropbehind落后；落伍完成句子①TheSmithsdroppedinonsomeoldfriendsontheirvacationtriptoNew史密斯一家在纽约度假时顺便拜访了几位老朋友。②Notcontentwiththejudge，thethreerunnersdroppedout.因为对裁判不满，三名选手退出了比赛。③Itisreportedthattrafficaccidentshavedroppedoffevidentlysincethenewrulescameintobeing.据报道，新规则出台后，交通事故明显减少了。[写作佳句]Withthehelpofthegovernment，nownobodywilldropoutofschoolduetopoverty.在政府的帮助下，现在没有人因为贫穷而退学了。motivatevt.使有动机，促使，激发单句语法填空①Themurderwasmotivated(motivate)byhatred.②Thereisaspecialmotivationfortheseactions.③Jackisanintelligentpupil，buthelacksmotivation(motivate)achievementn．完成；成就；功绩(1)用achieve的正确形式填空①AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnotamysteriousprocesswithoutscientificbasis.②Nomatterhowshetries，shecan’tequalhersister’sachievements.(2)完成句子③Seeingthelinesoftrees，weallhadasenseofachievement(成就感)．④Youhaveallthereasonsintheworldtoachieveyourdream(追求你的梦想)．pleasedadj.高兴的，满意的(1)用please的正确形式填空①(2017·北京卷)IampleasedtolearnthatyouwillpayavisittoChina.②Ihopeyouwillhaveapleasant/pleasingjourney.③Ourmainaimistopleasethecustomers.④Heshowednosignofpleasureatseeingher.(2)完成句子⑤Iamverypleasedwithwhathehasdone.我对他所做的很满意。ashamedadj.感到惭愧或羞耻的(1)用shameful，ashamed填空①Wethoughthisbehaviourwasshameful.②I’mashamedtoleaveyouthisway.＝I’mashamedofleavingyouthisway.(2)同义句改写③Hewasashamedofwhathappenedandbowedhishead.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)Ashamedofwhathappened，hebowedhismentn．议论，评论；解释；批评，指责；v.表达意见；发表评论单句语法填空①Idon’tfeelIcancommentontheirdecision.②Idon’tfeelIcanmakecommentsontheirdecision.③Commenting(comment)onotherstoomuchdoesnogood.④Customersleavenegativecomments(comment)onthewebsitetoshowtheirdissatisfactionwithonlineservice.containv．包含，含有；容纳；控制，抑制单句语法填空①Hewassoexcitedthathecouldhardlycontainhimself(he)．②Theotherswerefedanormaldiet，containing(contain)20%protein.removev．移走；去掉；去除；脱去(1)单句语法填空①WeareremovingfromLondontothecountry.②Threechildrenwereremovedfromschool.③Studentsremovedseveraldeskstoanotherclassroom.(2)同义句改写Afterheremovedfearsfromhismind，hefeltrelaxed.④Withfearsremovedfromhismind，hefeltrelaxed.(用with复合结构改写)⑤Fearsremovedfromhismind，hefeltrelaxed.(用独立主格结构改写)outofwork(＝outofajob)失业(1)完成句子①Wehave40hoursatworkatthemosteachweek.我们每周至多工作四十小时。②Hehasbeenout