路由器基础配置和应用

Chapter10路由器配置和应用本章目标路由器的功能、结构和接口路由器的基本配置常见广域网协议学习本章节，您应当能够：2课程内容

路由器的功能、结构和接口路由器的基本配置常见广域网协议3路由器工作流程IPETHPPP以太网口串口IPPPPETH串口以太网口协议封装路由选择协议转换路由器路由器传送拆包接收发送工作过程4路由器的结构硬件组成CPU(处理器）RAM(存储正在运行的配置文件)FLASH（负责保存OS的映像和路由器的微码）NVRAM（保存配置件）ROM（加载OS）接口（完成路由器与其它设备的数据交换）

软件结构BOOTROM：主要功能是路由器加电后完成有关初始化工作，并向内存中加入操作系统代码VRP（通用路由平台）：Quidway路由器上运行的软件平台5VRP体系结构6中低端路由器发展路标低端路由器R1600/2500介入中低端路由器之间R1760中端路由器R2600/3600增加型中端路由器R2630E/R3600E智能型中端路由器R2611/26101996199820022003统一的VRP平台2000ADSL宽带接入路由器4/8口语音网关冗余电源款型R2600-RPS/3600-RPS2004AR18,28,46系列路由器Aolynk路由器7AR18-1XAR18-2XAR28-0X/1XAR28-3X/40/80AR46-20/40/80SOHOSMB企业分支企业大型分支企业中心灵 活性 能业务性能Quidway®AR全系列路由器8课程内容

路由器的功能、结构和接口路由器的基本配置常见广域网协议9AR28-31备份口配置口10配置路由器通过console口配置通过拨号远程配置通过telnet方式配置通过哑终端方式配置通过FTP方式传送配置文件11通过console口配置建立本地配置环境配置口(Console)配置口（console）电缆R232串口

12创建超级终端（II）13选择串口（III）14端口设置（IV）15通过拨号线路配置路由器将路由器和PC分别与modem连接备份电缆modemmodemPSTN/ISDN16通过Telnet配置本地路由器[Quidway-Ethernet0/0]ipaddress0024缺省的telnet登录用户名：admin口令：admin服务器PC工作站工作站10Base-T网口17通过哑终端配置[Quidway-Serial0/0]physical-modeasync同/异步串口18通过FTP配置在路由器上启动FTP服务器在终端上启动FTP客户端程序FTPserverFTPclientEthernet19吩咐行概述用户视图系统视图RIP视图OSPF视图BGP视图以太网接口视图同步串口视图Dialer接口视图20进入路由器配置界面

UserinterfaceCon0isavailable.PressENTERtogetstarted.

<Quidway>

console21用户视图常用吩咐<Quidway>?

cdChangecurrentdirectorydebuggingEnablesystemdebuggingfunctionsdeleteDeleteafiledisplayDisplaycurrentsysteminformationpingSendechomessagessaveSavecurrentconfigurationresetResetoperationrebootRebootsystem22系统视图常用吩咐<Quidway>system-view[Quidway]?aclSpecifyaclconfigurationinformationarpAddstaticARPentrybgpSpecifyBGP(BorderGatewayProtocol)configurationinformationfirewallSpecifyfirewallconfigurationinformationipsecSpecifyIPSec(IPSecurity)configurationinformationlocal-userSpecifylocaluserconfigurationinformationpppSpecifyPPP(thePoint-to-PointProtocol)23接口视图吩咐[Quidway]interfaces0/0

[Quidway-Serial0/0]？

baudrateSettransmitandreceivebaudrateasyncAsynchronouslineconfigurationcommandipSpecifyIPconfigurationinformationshutdownShutdownthespecifiedinterfacephysical-modeSetsynchronousorasynchronousmodeonserialinterfacedialerSpecifyDCC(Dial-Control-Center)configurationinformationquitExitfromcurrentcommandviewloopbackSetloopbackonaninterface24在线帮助[Quidway]display?aclAclstatusandconfigurationinformationarpDisplayARPentryaspfASPFstatusandconfigurationinformationauto-configSpecifyautoconfigurationinformationbgpBGPstatusandconfigurationinformationcurrent-configurationCurrentconfigurationdebuggingCurrentsettingofdebuggingswitchesdhcpDHCPconfigurationsubcommandsdiagnostic-informationSystemInformationforDiagnosis25吩咐行错误信息[Quidway]dispaly?^%Unrecognizedcommandfoundat'^'position.

[Quidway]display ^%Incompletecommandfoundat'^'position.

[Quidway]displayinterfaceSerial0/00^%Toomanyparametersfoundat'^'position.26历史吩咐displayhistory-command补全吩咐运用Tab键查看历史记录运用↑↓键运用Ctrl＋P快捷键历史吩咐27编辑特性一般按键输入字符到当前光标位置退格键BackSpace删除光标位置的前一个字符删除键Delete删除光标位置字符左光标键←光标向左移动一个字符位置右光标键→光标向右移动一个字符位置上下光标键↑↓显示历史吩咐28Language 中英文显示方式切换暂停显示时键入'Ctrl+c' 停止显示和吩咐执行暂停显示时键入空格键 接着显示下一屏信息暂停显示时键入回车键 接着显示下一行信息显示特性29状态查看吩咐displayversiondisplaycurrent-configurationdisplayinterfacedisplayiproute基本操作吩咐30displayversion[Quidway]displayversionCopyrightNotice:Allrightsreserved(Apr082005).Withouttheowner'spriorwrittenconsent,nodecompilingnorreverse-engineeringshallbeallowed.Huawei-3ComVersatileRoutingPlatformSoftwareVRP(R)software,Version3.40,ReleaseRT-0009Copyright(c)2003-2005HangzhouHuawei-3ComTech.Co.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Copyright(c)2000-2003HuaweiTech.Co.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.QuidwayAR28-11uptimeis0week,0day,0hour,1minuteCPUtype:PowerPC8241200MHz128MbytesSDRAMMemory32MbytesFlashMemoryPcbVersion:1.0LogicVersion:1.0BootROMVersion:9.09[SLOT0]AUX(Hardware)1.0,(Driver)1.0,(Cpld)1.0

31displaycurrent-configuration[Quidway]displaycurrent-configuration#sysnameQuidway#FTPserverenable#local-servernas-ipkeyhuawei#domaindefaultenablesystem#radiusschemesystemserver-typehuaweiprimaryauthentication1645primaryaccounting1646user-name-formatwithout-domain#domainsystemaccess-limitdisablestateactive………#32displayinterface显示接口信息[Quidway]displayinterfaceSerial1/1Serial1/1currentstate:UPLineprotocolcurrentstate:UPDescription:Serial1/1InterfaceTheMaximumTransmitUnitis1500,Holdtimeris10(sec)Internetprotocolprocessing:disabledInternetAddressis/8LinklayerprotocolisPPPLCPinitialOutputqueue:(Urgentqueue:Size/Length/Discards)0/50/0Outputqueue:(Protocolqueue:Size/Length/Discards)0/500/0Outputqueue:(FIFOqueuing:Size/Length/Discards)0/75/0Physicallayerissynchronous,Baudrateis64000bps,InterfacehasnocableLast300secondsinputrate0.00bytes/sec,0.00packets/secLast300secondsoutputrate0.00bytes/sec,0.00packets/secInput:0packets,0bytes0broadcasts,0multicasts0errors,0runts,0giants0CRC,0alignerrors,0overruns0dribbles,0aborts,0nobuffers0frameerrorsOutput:0packets,0bytes0errors,0underruns,0collisions0deferredDCD=UPDTR=UPDSR=UPRTS=UPCTS=UP33[Quidway]interfaceserial0/0[Quidway-serial0/0]undoshutdown开启或关闭端口开启已经关闭的端口[Quidway]interfaceserial0/0[Quidway-serial0/0]shutdown人工关闭端口34解读端口状态[Quidway]displayinterfaceserial0/0physicallayerissynchronous,baudrateis64000bps,nocableLink-protocolisPPPLCPinitial,IPCPinitial,IPXCPinitial,CCPinitiallineprotocolisdownSerial0/0isdown,物理层组件的状态数据链路层的状态35display

ip

routing-table[Quidway]disiprouting-tableRoutingTables:Destination/MaskprotoprefMetricNexthopInterface/0Static600Serial0/8RIP1003Serial0/8OSPF1050Ethernet0/8RIP1004Serial0/8Static600Serial0/8Direct00Ethernet0/32Direct00LoopBack0......36<Quidway>terminaldebugging<Quidway>debugging?allAlldebuggingfunctionsarpARPmoduleaspfASPFmoduleatmATMmodulebgpBGPmodulebridgeDebuggingbridgedhcpDHCPmoduledialerDCCmoduledlswDataLinkSwitchingmodulednsDomainnamesystemmodule调试吩咐：debugging37[Quidway]ping

PING:56databytes,pressCTRL_CtobreakReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=0ttl=255time=31msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=1ttl=255time=31msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=2ttl=255time=32msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=3ttl=255time=31msReplyfrom:bytes=56Sequence=4ttl=255time=31ms---pingstatistics---5packetstransmitted5packetsreceived0.00%packetlossround-tripmin/avg/max=31/31/32msping:网络连通测试吩咐38tracert:网络连通测试吩咐[Quidway]tracert86tracerouteto86(86)30hopsmax,40bytespacket129ms22ms21ms28638ms24ms24ms39课程内容

路由器的功能、结构和接口路由器的基本配置常见广域网协议40广域网

V.24,V.35,X.21BisEIA/TIA-232/449LAPB,FrameRelay,HDLC,PPP,SDLC网络层X.25物理层数据链路层路由器A广域网的下三层网络层物理层数据链路层路由器B41广域网的数据链路层专用点到点HDLC,PPP分组交换X.25,帧中继电路交换PSTN:PPPISDNB信道:PPPISDND信道:LAPD42高级数据链路限制HDLC面对比特透亮传输－零比特填充法运行于同步串行线路地址标志控制信息帧校验标志43HDLC协议的配置在接口上封装HDLC协议link-protocolhdlc打开HDLC全部报文调试信息开关debugginghdlcall[interfacetypenumber]打开HDLC事务调试信息开关debugginghdlcevent[interfacetypenumber]打开HDLC数据包调试信息开关debugginghdlcpacket[interfacetypenumber]44PPP配置吩咐封装PPPlink-protocolppp设置验证类型pppauthentication-mode{pap|chap}设置用户名、口令、服务类型[Quidway]local-userhuawei[Quidway-luser-huawei]passwordsimplesharepass[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-type

ppp45PAP配置吩咐验证方配置配置验证方式pppauthentication-modepap配置用户列表[Quidway]local-userhuawei[Quidway-luser-huawei]passwordsimplesharepass[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-typeppp被验证方配置配置PAP用户名ppppaplocal-userusernamepassword{simple|cipher}password46CHAP配置吩咐主验证方配置：配置本地验证对端（方式为CHAP）pppauthentication-modechap配置本地名称

pppchapuserusername将对端用户名和密码加入本地用户列表[Quidway]local-userhuawei[Quidway-luser-huawei]passwordsimplesharepass[Quidway-luser-huawei]service-typeppp被验证方配置:配置本地名称密码[Quidway-Serial0/0]

pppchapuserusername[Quidway-Serial1/1]pppchappassword{simple|cipher}password47PPP典型配置举例一主验证方被验证方RouterARouterBPAP验证S0/0S0/0[RouterA]local-userrouterb[RouterA-luser-routerb]password

simple

hello[RouterA-luser-routerb]service-typeppp[RouterA]interfaceserial0/0[RouterA-Serial0/0]pppauthentication-modepap[RouterB]interfaceserial0/0

[RouterB-Serial0/0]ppppap

local-userrouterbpasswordsimplehello48PPP典型配置举例二RouterARouterBCHAP验证S0/0S0/0RouterA]local-userrouterb[RouterA-luser-routerb]password

simple

hello[RouterA-luser-routerb]service-type

ppp[RouterA]interfaceserial0/0[RouterA-Serial0/0]pppchapuserroutera[RouterA-Serial0/0]pppauthentication-modechap[RouterB]local-userroutera[RouterB-luser-routera]passwordsimplehello[RouterB-luser-routera]service-type

ppp[RouterB]interfaceserial0/0[RouterB-Serial0/0]pppchapuserrouterb[RouterB-Serial0/0]pppauthentication-modechap主验证方被验证方49帧中继的配置封装帧中继协议link-protocolframe-relay[MFR|nonstandard|ietf]配置帧中继接口的终端类型frinterface-type｛dce|dte|nni｝选择LMI类型frlmitype｛ansi|nonstandard|q933a｝50配置帧中继地址映射手工配置静态映射：frmap{ip|ipx}protocol-addressdlci[broadcast]动态建立：使能动态逆向地址解析协议frinarp[ip|ipx][dlci]帧中继地址映射也就是建立对端协议地址与本地DLCI的映射关系，该地址映射可静态配置，也可动态建立51配置帧中继本地虚电路为主接口安排一条虚电路号frdlcidlci52配置帧中继子接口创建帧中继子接口，进入子接口配置模式interfacetypenumber.subinterface-number[multipoint|point-to-point]配置帧中继子接口的虚电路号frdlcidlci建立地址映射的吩咐和物理接口相同，可以运用静态或动态地址映射。地址映射只有在点到多点的状况下才须要配置子接口有两种类型：点到点和点到多点53配置帧中继交换允许帧中继进行PVC交换frswitching设置帧