2021年北京市高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）

2021年北京市高考英语总复习：阅读理解

1.Over40yearsago,acountrymusicDJconvention（大会）washeldeveryyearinNashville,

Tennessee.Manycountryperformersusedtoattend（参力口）theconventiontogivetheir

performances.FanswouldgotoNashvillehopingtoseetheirfavoriteperformers.Intheend,

somanyfansbeganshowingupinNashvillethatafestivalnamedFanFairwasbom.

ThefirstFanFairwasheldinApril1972,inNashvilleforfourdays.Someofcountiy

music'sbiggeststarsattended.Therewereaboutfiftythousandfans.ThefirstFanFairwas

sosuccessfulthatplanningbeganalmostimmediatelyfor1973.ThedatewaschangedtoJune,

whentheweatherwouldbebetter.OveronehundredthousandfansattendedthesecondFan

Fair.

EveryyearbroughtsomanyperformersandfanstoFanFairthat,in1982,itwas

movedtotheTennesseeStateFairgrounds.FanFairstayedatthefairgroundsforanother

nineteenyears.

Therewasalwaystheunexpectedduringthefestival.In1974,formerBeatlePaul

McCartneyattended.In1992,morethansixhundredreportersfromEurope,Asia,and

SouthAmericawenttocovertheappearanceofapopularstar,BillyRayCyrus,whohad

introducedanewcountrylinedance.In1996,GarthBrooks,whomadeasurprise

appearance,signedautographs（签名）for23hours.

In2001,FanFairreturnedtodowntownNashvilleastheworld'sbiggestcountrymusic

festival.Now,overonehundredandtwenty-fivethousandcountrymusicfansgoto

NashvilleeveryJune.Asyoucanimagine,thosewhowanttoattendFanFairmustplan

ahead.Forexample,theyneedtobuyaticketseveralmonthsaheadoftime.Ofcourse,

there*smuchmoretoprepare.

（1）Accordingtothetext,FanFair.

A.lastsalmosthalfamontheveryyear

B.hasahistoryofmorethan50years

C.isatimewhencountrymusicloversgettogether

D.isthemostimportantmusicfestivalinAmerica

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(2)ThesecondFanFair.

A.wasattendedbyformerBeatlePaulMcCartney

B.wasmovedfromNashvilletothefairgrounds

C.wasmorepopularthanthefirstone

D.washeldinthespringof1972

(3)Thepurposeofthefourthparagraphisto・

A.introducethreefamousmusicians

B.showwhyFanFairhasbeenpopular

C・askpeopletoattendFanFair

D.explainhowFanFairstarted

(4)Whatwilltheauthorprobablytalkaboutnext?

A.Adviceforfans.

B.MusicinAmerica.

C.EducationinNashville.

D.Thefutureofcountrymusic.

2.IwatchedmyDadclosethedoor.ItwasareallycoldnightindeadsilenceandIwasallalone

athome.Myparentsleftbecausetheyhadbeenrunningfeverforseveraldaysandtheywere

showingothersymptomsofCOVID-19.Itwasthe9thdayofWuhanlockdownstartingon

January23.

TheviruswenowknowasCOVID-19issomehowfearsomepartlybecauseitdoesnot

discriminate(区另U对待)inchoosingwhoitinfects.Butthatisonlypartlytrue.Allthe

evidencesuggestthatitcanbemercilesstoolderpeople,soIwaswonderingwhethermy

parentswouldmakeitandwhetherwewouldevertakefamilyphotos,whichmyparentsandI

hadtalkedaboutduringtheSpringFestivalholiday.

OntheirseconddayawaymyparentscalledandaskedmehowIwas.Wetalkedusing

FaceTime,andthemoment1sawmomlyingtherewithanoxygenmaskandmydadcould

nottalkwithoutbreathingheavily,IrealizedthatIhadtoliveonmyown.

Buttwoweekslater,Icameacrossafeverandhadtogointoquarantine(隔离)andbe

putundermedicalobservationsfor14days.Fortunately,myillnessturnedouttobeduetoa

bacterialinfectionbutnotCOVID-19.

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Everythingtherewashectic,andthereseemedtobeashortageofmedicalstaffand

materialswereinshortsupply.Eventhoughthedoctorsandnurseswerecoveredfromhead

totoe,IcouldseehowtiredtheywerewhenIlookedintotheirbloodshoteyes.

Theywouldworkawholedaypreparingfornewpatientsandseemedincredibly

apologeticfornothavingeverythingthatwasneeded.Mostofthepatientswerereally

understanding,butofcoursetherewerethosewhowerenot,andcomplainedloudly,but

allthedoctorsandnursestriedtheirbesttodealwithitinacalmingway.Andtheyareall

fromothercitieslikeShanghaiandGuangzhou,andsomeofthemarejustthreeorfouryears

olderthanme.

Whenthequarantinewasover,everypatienteffusivelythankedtheworkersforwhat

theyhaddone,buttheanswertheyreceivedwasexactlythesame："That'swhatwe'rehere

for.”

(1)Whendidtheauthor'sparentsleaveherfbrthehospital?

A.January23.

B.January30.

C.January31.

D.February1.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"makeit"inParagraph2mean?

A.succeed

B.joinin

C.arrive

D.survive

(3)Whatcanwelearnaccordingtothepassage?

A.BoththeauthorandherparentsgotinfectedwithCOVID-19.

B.Themajorityofthepatientsunderstoodthedoctorsandnurses.

C.Thepatientsapologizedtothedoctorsandnursesbecausetheyweretootired.

D.Theauthordidn'tgetinfectedwithCOVID-19becausetheviruscanonlyinfecttheolder.

(4)Whatmaytheauthorthinkofthemedicalworkersaccordingtothepassage?

A.admirable

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B.outgoing

C.impatient

D.thankful

3.RoyalDutchShellislaunchinga$300millionandforestryprogram,atatimewhenan

increasingnumberofoilcompaniesareputtingmoneyincarbonoffset（碳补偿）plansto

meetclimategoals.Thecompanywillspendthemoneyoverthenextthreeyearsonprojects

tostorecarbon,includinglargeforestsintheNetherlandsandSpain,andwillstartoffering

motoriststheoptionofpurchasingcarbonoffsetswhentheybuypetrolatthepump.

Theexecutivesofthecompanyexplainedthatthesecarbonoffsetprojectswereanew

businessopportunityforShell,aswellasawaytomeetisclimatetargets."Webelievethat

overtimewewillbebuildingabusiness,becausethesecarboncreditswillbecomemore

valuableascarbonbecomesmorelimited,Mtheysaid.Shellrecentlydecidedtocutitsnet

carbonfootprint（碳排放）by2-3percentinfiveyears,whichincludesemissions（排

放）fromtheproductsitsells.Thecompanyplanstoproducecarboncreditsfromtheforestry

projects,thensellthesecreditsontocustomersbuyingisoilandgasproducts,orapplythe

creditstoisownoperationstoloweritscarbonfootprint.

Plantsabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrowandrestoringforestsandothernaturalareasis

consideredoneofthesimplestwaystostorecarbon.However,thevoluntarymarketfor

carboncreditsbasedonforestryprojectshasitscritics,asprojectsindevelopingcountriescan

behardtomonitor.Shell'smovehasalsobeencriticizedbysomeenvironmentalists.They

worriedthattherewasariskofngreenwash"whencompaniesinvestedinforestry

projects."Thereisanentiredebateaboutwhetherforestryprojectstrulyreduceemissionsor

not,"theysaid,pointingoutthatplantinginoneareacouldcausedeforestation（滥伐森林）

toanother.

Shellsaiditwouldrelyonthethirdpartytoensureitsforestprogramtomeetthe

VoluntaryCarbonStandardandstrictbiodiversityrequirements.MarkLewis,headof

climatechangeinvestmentresearchatBNPParibas,said,"Plantingtreestooffsetemissions,

asfarasitgoes,isastepintherightdirection.

（1）Whatispopularamongoilcompaniesthesedays?

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A.Studyingclimatechanges.

B.Launchingforestryprograms.

C.Workingoutcarbonoffsetplans.

D.Attractingmotoriststobuytheirpetrol.

(2)HowwillShellCompanymakeprofitsfromitscarbonoffsetprojects?

A.Byquittingtheemissionsofitsproducts.

B.Byreducingitscarbonfootprintbyaquarter.

C.Bylimitingtheoilusedbyitsownoperations.

D.Byputtingcarboncreditsitproducesonthemarket.

(3)Whatconcernssomeenvironmentalistsaboutforestryproject?

A.Theprojectscan'treallystopcarbonemissions.

B•Theprojectsarehardtomonitorinpoorcountries.

C.Theprojectsmayleadtodeforestationinotherforests.

D.Theprojectshaven'tmetstrictbiodiversityrequirements.

(4)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"greenwash"inparagraph3mean?

A.Discount.

B.Cheat.

C.Decline.

D.Change.

4.Memoriesarestrongerwhentheoriginalexperiencesareaccompaniedbyunpleasantsmells,a

teamofresearchershasfound.Thestudybroadensourunderstandingofwhatcandrive

Pavlovianresponses(巴甫洛夫条件反射)andpointstohownegativeexperiencesinfluence

ourabilitytorecallpastevents."Theseresultsprovethatbadsmellscanleadtomemory

improvementinbothadolescentsandadults,”explainsCatherineHartley,anassistant

professorinNewYorkUniversity'sDepartmentofPsychology(心理学)andthesenior

authorofthepaper,whichappearsinthejournalLearning&Memory.

Theeffectofnegativeexperiencesonmemoryhaslongbeenshown-andisfamiliarto

us.Forexample,ifyouarebittenbyadog,youmaydevelopanegativememoryofthedog

thatbityou.Becauseofthepainfulmemorysurroundingthebite,youarelikelytohavea

strongerimpressionofitthanyourotherpastexperienceswithdogs.

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Inordertobetterunderstandhowlearnednegativeexperiencesinfluencememoryduring

thisstageofdevelopment,theresearchersdesignedaPavlovianlearningtaskforindividuals

aged13to25.Thetaskincludedtheviewingofaseriesofimagesbelongingtooneoftwo

kinds：objectsandscenes.Asthestudy'sparticipantsviewedtheimages,theyworeamask

connectedtoaspecialequipment.Whileparticipantsviewedimagesfromonekind,

unpleasantsmellsweresometimessentthroughthepieceofequipmenttothemask；while

viewingimagesfromtheotherkind,airwithnosmellwasused.Thisallowedthe

researcherstoexaminememoryforimagesconnectedwithabadsmellaswellasfor

descriptionofrelatedimages.

Adaylater,researcherstestedtheparticipants,memoryfortheimages.Theirfindings

showedthatbothadolescentsandadultsshowedbettermemoryforimagespairedwiththebad

smell24hoursaftertheysawtheseimages.Theyalsofoundthatsomeindividualshadlarger

responsesatthepointwhentheythoughttheywouldexperienceeitherabadsmellorcleanair

whileviewingtheimage,nomatterwhetherasmellwasactuallydelivered.Andthose

peoplewereprovedtohavebettermemory.Thissuggeststhatunpredictability(不可预测

'性)orsurprisewasconnectedwiththeoutcomeleadingtobettermemory.

(1)Whathasastrongerinfluenceonourmemoryaccordingtothetext?

A.Painfulexperiences.

B.Aneasyjourney.

C.Warmweather.

D.Alovelytoy.

(2)What'sthefunctionoftheequipmentconnectedtothemaskintheresearch?

A.Tocollectdata.

B.lbshowimages.

C.Toprovidebadsmells.

D.Toprotecttheparticipants.

(3)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Badsmellsleadtogoodmemories

B.Surprisesimprovepeople'smemories

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C.Animportantlessononhumanmemories

D.Therelationshipbetweensmellsandmemories

5.Inanattempttowinbackoldcustomers,restaurantsandcompaniesoftenintroducenewmenu

itemsornewflavors.Mostofthesearesuccessfulwithcustomersbecausetheyhavealways

beenresearchedandtestedbycompaniesbeforetheymeetthepublic.However,thereare

stillsomethataresounpopularwithcustomersandtheyfailsobadlyasaproductthatthey

becomeinfamous.

Oneofthemostwell-knownmarketingfailureshappenedin1985withNewCoke,a

softdrinkcreatedtoreplacetheoriginalCoca-Colaflavor.TheCoca-ColaCompany

testedseveralnewflavorsandfoundthatpeoplealwayspreferredasweetersoda.Asaresult,

theCEOdecidedthatthesweetersodawouldreplacetheoriginalCoca-Coladrink.

Manycustomers,however,soonstartedtoexpresstheirdissatisfactionwiththenew

drink.TheCoca-ColaCompanyreceivedover1,500angrytelephonecallseveryday.The

Coca-ColaCompanyactuallyemployedspecialexpertstotalktocustomersbecausethey

weresoangryandsadaboutthechange.SomeAmericanswerebuyingoldCoca-Cola

drinksfromoverseaswherethenewdrinkhadnotyetbeenintroduced.Andinsomepartsof

AmericapeopleweresoangrythattheyemptiedbottlesofNewCokeintothestreet.

SomanypeoplewereunhappywithCoca-Cola'snewdrinkthatthecompanydecided

onlythreemonthslatertoreturntotheoldCoca-Coladrink.OnJuly10,1985,theCoca

-ColaCompanysaidthatitwouldbringbacktheoldCokeandrenamethedrinkuCoca-

ColaClassic"or"CokeClassic".

Thousandsofcustomersphonedthecompanytoexpresstheirsupport.

Eventoday,businessexpertsareinterestedinthiscase.EventhoughtheCoca-Cola

CompanyhadcarefullytestedandexperimentedwithNewCokebeforeintroducingitto

customers,theNewdrinkwasstillveryunpopular.So,whatdidCoca-Coladowrong?

Itseemsthecompanysimplydidnotunderstandcustomers*deephistoricalandemotional

attachmenttothedrink.

(1)Whydocompaniesusuallyintroducenewmenuitems?

A.Toattractpastcustomers.

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B.Toattractnewcustomers.

C•Toattractelderlycustomers.

D.Toattractcustomerswithspecialneeds.

(2)WhatisthedifferencebetweenNewCokeandtheoriginalone?

A.NewCokeissweeter.

B.NewCokeismoreacidic.

C.NewCoke'scolorislighter.

D.NewCoke'sbottleisbigger.

(3)WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.WhyNewCokefailedinAmerica.

B.TheharmNewCokedidtopeople*shealth.

C.HowcustomersactedinanswertotheintroductionofNewCoke.

D.ThecomparisonbetweensalesofNewCokeandtheoriginalone.

(4)WhenwasNewCokeputonthemarket?

A.InMay1985.

B.InApril1985.

C.InJune1985.

D.InJuly1985.

(5)Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.ThereasonswhyNewCokesucceededoverseas.

B.ThehistoryoftheCoca-ColaCompanyinthe1990s.

C.ThedifferencebetweenNewCokeandCokeClassic.

D.Theimportanceofpeople'sfeelingsaboutoldproducts.

6.IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrims(清教徒移民)sailedfromPlymouth,England,

toNorthAmerica-andtheMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-

wrappedsnacks-theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearound,fourcenturieslater.If

thePilgrimshadbeenlikemanypeopletodayandhadsimplythrowntheiremptybottlesand

wrappersovertheside,Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotiny

bits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobe

eatenbyunfortunatefish,andeventuallyperhapsbyoneofus.

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Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,andproductionreallyonly

tookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,

morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,ashocking6.3billiontons

nevermadeittorecyclingfacilities.

Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,Earth'slast

sink.In2015,JennaJambeck,auniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caught

everyone'sattentionwitharoughestimate：between5.3millionand14milliontonseachyear

justfromcoastalregions.Mostofitisn*tthrownoffships,sheandhercolleaguessay,but

isdumpedcarelesslyonlandorinrivers,mostlyinAsia.It'sthenblownorwashedintothe

sea.It*sunclearhowlongitwilltakeforthatplastictocompletelybiodegrade（降

解）.Estimatesrangefrom450yearstonever.

Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalsevery

year.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedby

it.Someareharmedvisibly---strangled（勒死）byabandonedfishingnets.Many

moreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromfishtowhale,now

eatmicroplastics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.OnHawaii'sBigIsland,

onabeachtowhichnopavedroad,Iwalkedankle-deepthroughmocroplastics.Afterthat,

Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasanapproachingdisaster,worth

mentioninginthesamebreathasclimatechange.

Andyetthere*sakeydifference：Oceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimate

change.Therearenomeanwastedeniers（否认者）,atleastsofar.Todosomethingabout

it,wehavetoremakeourplanet'sentireenergysystem.

“Thisisn'taProblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis,“saysJambeck."We

knowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknow

howtorecycle."It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,shesays-

--ideallybeforetheoceanturns,forcenturiestocome,intoathinsoupofplastic.

（1）Inthefirstparagraphtheauthoremphasizesthefactthat.

A.BritishpeoplemigratedtoAmericafourcenturiesago.

B.peoplehavekeptdoingresearchinplasticforfourcenturies.

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C.therewasnoplasticpollutionfourcenturiesago.

D.plasticwastewouldremainintheoceanforfourcenturies.

(2)Howaremarineanimalsharmedinvisiblybyoceanplastic?

A.Theyeatmicroplastics.

B.Theydrowninmicroplastics.

C.Theyarecoatedwithwasteplasticbags.

D.Theyarestrugglinginabandonedplasticnets.

(3)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Peopleallagreereducingplasticproductionisthesolution.

B.Peopleallagreeplasticwastehascausedoceanplastic.

C.Ithasbeenscheduledtoreversethetrendofclimatechange.

D.Ithasbeenscheduledtoreversethetrendofoceanplastic.

(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.OceanPlasticandClimateChange.

B.ToBiodegradeortoRecycle?

C.PlanetorPlastic?

D.Earth'sLastSink.

7.TheTEDspeakerseriesfeatures"ideasworthspreading1'.Withover1,400tochoosefrom,

we'veselectedafewthatareperfectforstudents.

1.LarrySmith：Whyyouwillfailtohaveagreatcareer

Wehumansmayhaveanunfavorablehabitofmakingexcusesforourselvesorofbeing

tooconfidentaboutourselves.Accordingly,LarrySmith,aprofessorofeconomicsatthe

UniversityofWaterlooinCanada,tellsuswhymostofuswillfailtohaveagreat

career.Luckily,asheputsit,thereisawayout-followyourheart,aslongasitisgood

foryourcareer.

2.AndyPuddicombe：Allittakesis10mindfulminutes

Betweendanceteam,volunteeringandoh,right-lectures,yourlife*scrazyfactor

(因素)isabouttogowayup.Inthisentertainingandinformativetalk,Mindfulness,

expertAndyPuddicombeteachesushowtobe"morehealthy,moremindfulandless

distracted1'bytakingjust10minutesoutofthedaytobe"morepresent".

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3.ShaneKoyczan：Tothisday,,forthebullied（欺凌）andbeautiful

Thistalkissuretostaywithyou.ShaneKoyczan's*ToThisDay'isanaffectingspoken

-wordpoemaboutbullyingandbeingdifferentthatgainedover10millionviewson

YouTube.Inthistalk,Koyczangivesalivereadingofthepoem,alongwithsomestories

abouthisbackground.

4.SusanCain：Thepowerofintroverts（性格内向者）

DoesacupofteaandagoodbooksoundlikeaperfectFridaynight?Inthispersonal

talk,SusanCainarguesthatintrovertshavetalentsandabilities.Ourculturemayvaluebeing

outgoing,buttheworldneedsallkinds.

（1）WhatdoesLarrySmithadvisestudentstodoforagoodcareer?

A.Don'tbetoooptimistic.

B・Learnfromothers*lessons.

C・Nevermakeexcusesforyourself.

D.Matchyourinterestswithyourcareer.

（2）WhatisAndyPuddicombe'stalkmainlyabout?

A・Howtoconcentrate.

B.Theneedforteamwork.

C.Howtobeagoodvolunteer.

D.Theimportanceofgoodhealth.

（3）WhichTEDspeakermakespeoplewhoarenotsocialfeelconfident?

A.AndyPuddicombe

B.SusanCain

C.ShaneKoyczan

D.LarrySmith

8.Manypeoplefeelthatdreamisuniquetohumans.However,manydogownerswilllikely

disagreeonthat.Theyhavenoticedthattheirdogsatvarioustimesduringthesleepmay

shakelegs,snort（哼）andsometimesgrowl（低声吼叫）whichgivestheimpressionthat

theyaredreaming.Thesethingsmaywonderusaboutwhetherdogsdream.

Scientistsconfirmthatdogsprobablydodream.Itturnsoutthatdogbrainsandhuman

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brainshavemanysimilaritiesduringsleepcycles.Researchersusedspecialmachinesto

measureelectricalactivityinadog'sbrainandhuman'sbrain.Scientistsalreadyknewthat

whenhumansdream,acertainpartofthebrainisactiveduringsleep.Researchers

discoveredthatthesamepartofthebrainisactiveinsleepingdogs.Scientistshaveotherdata

thatbackupthesefindings.

Manypeopledreamthattheyaretryingtomovebutcannot.Interestingly,partofthat

experienceisnotadream.Whenpeoplesleep,thebrainproducesachemicalthatcausesthe

dreamertobecometemporarilyparalyzed(使麻痹).Researchersthinkthishappenssothat

peoplecannotphysicallyactoutdreamswhiletheyaresleeping.Dogbrainsmakethesame

chemical.Inonestudyduringwhichthischemicalwasblocked,sleepingtestdogs

performedphysicalactivities,suchasstandingup,sniffingaroundtheroomforimaginary

rabbits,orchasingimaginaryballs.

Becauseofthesesimilarities,researchersbelievethatthecontentofadog'sdreammight

comefromthesamesourceasahuman'sdream."People'sdreamsareusuallybasedonthings

theydidthatday,"saysDr.SamanthaHudspith."Sothereisreasontobelievethatdogs

dreamaboutthethingsthey'vedonethatday.Ofcourse,therewillneverbeawaytoprove

this.Dogscannotdescribetheirdreamsthewaythathumanscan.”

(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"backup'*meaninthesecondparagraph?

A.Disagree.

B.Support.

C.Record.

D.Show.

(2)Whathappenedtoasleepingdogwhenthischemicalmentionedinparagraph3wascut

off?

A.Itwokeup.

B.Itstoppeddreaming.

C.Itactedoutitsdream.

D.Itcouldn*tmoveitsbody.

(3)Howisthetextmainlydeveloped?

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A.Bytellingstories

B.Bygivingexamples.

C.Bycomparingdetails

D.Bylistingdifferences.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.DoDogsDream?

B.WhyDoDogsDream?

C.SignsofDogDreams

D.SimilaritiesBetweenHumansandDogs

9.Thenegative（负面的）healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedby

marathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.

Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation（缺乏）cancauseweight

gainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.Buttherearestillsomepeoplewho

hopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtand

removeanyilleffects.

Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecomplete

freedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleep

laboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepounds

overtwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption（代谢紊乱）thatwouldincreasetheir

riskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsaftera

singleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrightto

theirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.

"Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyour

routine.It,sveryshort-lived,usaidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealth

effectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas-peoplewouldsmokeand

wouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnot

ahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."

Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep-cuttingoutthe

optional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronic

equipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-care

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responsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesameway

theywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.

(1)Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?

A.Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.

B.Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.

C.People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.

D.Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.

(2)KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto.

A.callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking

B.advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke

C.showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking

D.showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword''prioritize"probablymean?

A.Havealowopinionofsomething.

B.Increasetheamountofsomething.

C.Cutdownsomething