考研英语全题型高分强化教程

2009年考研英语全题型高分强化教程(十)

练习

ICloze

Globalization-isitholycrap?

Globalizationcansomehowbedefined(1)harmonization,

homogenizationorintegrationofthecountriesand(2)____.Functionally,

itcanbeseenasaprocessofgradually(3)interactionand

integrationofeconomiesandsocietiesaroundtheworld.Thegrowing

economicinterdependenceisthemostcrucial(4)forceof

globalization.Inthefirst(5)____,itistheeconomicdimensionof

globalizationwhich(6)bothscholars，and(7)

attention.Transnationalcorporations(TNCs)andlargefinancial

institutionsinthematureanddevelopedindustrialeconomies(8)a

proactiverole(9)devisingandcreatingglobalnetworksineconomic

andfinancialareas.However,sociologist,anthropologistandhistorian

statethatthenon-economicdimensionis(10)equallyimportant.For

example,AlexandertheGreatdidnotonlymilitarilyconquerPersia(11)

introducedwestern(12),philosophyandscientifictechnology

(13)theeast.(14)henoticedthatwhathethoughtthebarbarian

easthadamorecomplexgoverningsystemeventhanhisown.Today,though

mostpopulardefinitionsofglobalizationarestillfocusingmore(15)

____theeconomicdimension;thenon-economicdimensiongetsmoreandmore

attentioninalmosteverysocietyoftheworld.Therearetonsofstudies

(16)thistopic.Yet,globalizationasaphenomenon,inreality,

isstillinits(17).

Accordingto<Harvey,awell-knownscholar,Globalizationisthe

manifestationofthechangingexperienceoftimeandspace,inwhich

(18)economicandsocialprocesseshasexperientially(19)the

globe,sothatdistanceandtimenolongerappear(20)___major

constraintsontheorganizationofhumanactivities.

Giddens,anotherscholararguesthat''Globalizationisthe

intensificationofworldwidesocialrelationswhichlinkdistant

localitiesinsuchawaythatlocalhappeningsareshapedbyevents

occurringmanymilesawayandviceversa.，z

1.[A]ast;obe[C]like[D]of

2.[A]economyeconomics[C]economic[D]economies

3.[A]revolvingevolving[C]resolving[D]solving

4.[A]enhancingmoving[C]driving[D]motivating

5.[A]caseplace[C]area[D]space

6.[A]catchesinfluences[C]has[D]draws

7.[A]practitioners'practicers1[C]practists，[Dlpracticalists

8.[A]tookhad[C]played[D]occupied

9.[A]inon[C]within[D]into

10.[A]tobeas[C]/[D]being

11.[A]butalsoalso[C]and[D]andalso

12.[A]thinkingthoughts[C]ideology[D]theories

13.[A]tointo[C]for[D]towards

14.[A]SurprisedlySurprised[C]Surprisingly[D]Surprising

15.[A]onin[C]at[D]of

16.[A]aboutof[C]in[D]at

17.[A]childhoodteenage[C]teens[D]infancy

18.[A]speedingspeedy[C]speedyup[D]speedingup

19.[A]shrankshrunk[C]shrinked[D]beenshrunk

20.[A]asbeing[C]tobe[D]astobe

II.ReadingPassages

PartA阅读理解

PassageOne

Variousaccountshavetracedthe"BigApple"expressionto

Depression-Erasidewalkapplevendors,aHarlemnightclubandapopular

1930sdanceknownasthe〃BigApple.z，Onefancifulversionevenlinksthe

namewithanotorious19th-centuryprocuress!

Infact,itwasthejazzmusiciansofthe1930sand’40swhoputthe

phraseintomoreorlessgeneralcirculation.Ifajazzmancirca1940told

youhehadagiginthe"BigApple,〃youknewhehadanengagementtoplay

inthemostcovetedvenueofall,Manhattan,wheretheaudiencewasthe

biggest,hippest,andmostappreciativeinthecountry.

TheoldergenerationofjazzmenspecificallycreditFletcher

Henderson,oneofthegreatestoftheearlyBigBandleadersandarrangers,

withpopularizingit,butsuchthingsareprobablyimpossibleto

document.Bethatasitmay,theultimatesourceactuallywasnotthejazz

worldbuttheracetrack.

AsDamonRunyon(amongmanyothers)cheerfullypointedout,NewYork

inthosedaysofferedabettingmanalotofplacestogobroke.There

werenofewerthanfourmajortracksnearby,anditrequirednofewerthan

threeracingjournalstocoversuchalivelyscene-TheDailyRacingForm

(whichstillsurvivesonnewsstandstoday)andTheRunningHorseandThe

NewYorkMorningTelegraph(whichdonot)-andtheultimatecreditfor

marryingNewYorktoitsdurablecatchphrasegoestocolumnistJohnJ.

FitzGeraldwhowrotefortheTelegraphforover20years.

Despiteitsturf-relatedorigins,bythe1930sand，40s,thephrase

hadbecomefirmlylinkedtothecity'sjazzscene."BigApple"wasthe

namebothofapopularnightclubatWest135thStreetandSeventhAvenue

inHarlemandajitterbug-stylegroupdancethatoriginatedintheSouth,

becameahugephenomenonatHarlem，sgreatSavoyBallroomandrapidly

spreadacrossthecountry.(Neatculturalfootnote:thegreat

African-AmericancinemapioneerOscarMicheauxlikedtousetheBigApple

asavenueforoccasionalscreeningsofhislatestfeaturefilmor

documentary.)

AfilmshortcalledTheBigApplecameoutin1938,withanall-Black

castfeaturingHerbert"Whitey"White，sLindyHoppers,Harlem，stop

ballroomdancersintheSwingEra.Inabookpublishedthesameyear,

bandleaderCabCallowayusedthephrase"BigApple"tomean"thebigtown,

themainstem,Harlem.，zAnyonewholovedthecitywouldhavereadilyagreed

withJackFitzGerald:"There'sonlyoneBigApple.That，sNewYork.z，

Thetermhadgrownstaleandwasinfactgenerallyforgottenbythe

1970s.ThenCharlesGillett,headoftheNewYorkConvention&Visitors

Bureau,gottheideaofrevivingit.Theagencywasdesperatelytrying

toattracttouriststothetown.MayorJohnLindsayhaddubbed〃FunCity,〃

butwhichhadbecomebetter-knownforitsblackouts,strikes,streetcrime

andoccasionalriots.Whatcouldbeamorewholesomesymbolofrenewal

thanaplumpredapple?

Thecity，sindustrial-strengthcampaignwaslaunchedtowardtheend

oftheLindsayadministrationin1971,completewithacheerfulBigApple

logoininnumerableforms(lapelpins,buttons,bumperstickers,

refrigeratormagnets,shoppingbags,ashtrays,ties,tietacks,〃Big

Apple〃T-shirts,etc.).

ApparentlyGillettwasontosomething,becauseatthiswriting,over

35yearslater,thecampaignhelaunched-itwonhimaTourismAchievement

awardin1994,bytheway-isstillgoingstrong.

1.Readthefirstparagraphandthenchoosethecorrectone.

[A]"BigApple"isanameofNewYork.

Therearemanyreasonsforthename“BigApple”.

[C]PeoplearelikelytocallNewYorkCity"BigApple”.

[D]Thename“BigApple“isanameofNewYorkCityinthehistory.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,what'sthereasonforthename"BigApple”?

[A]Hethoughtthatthename“BigApple“couldnotbetracedasmany

people,ssaying.

Hethoughtthatthename“BigApple“wassomethingaboutjazzmusicians.

[C]Hethoughtthatinitiallythename“BigApple"wasanameforManhattan,

notforNewYorkCity.

[D]Hethoughtthatthename"BigApple"wasnamedbyjazzmusicians.

3.AccordingtoCabCalloway,sbook,what'sthemeaningofthephrase

"BigApple”?

[A]Anameofclubinhisbook.

Anameofdramamentionedinhisbook.

[C]Itmeantthebigtown,themainstem,Harlem.

[D]Itwasjustanameandhadnomeans.

4.Howdidtheyrevivethename"BigApple"bythe1970s?

[A]Byannouncedanewslogan.

Byannouncethataplumpredappleisasymbolofhealth.

[C]ByputanendtoNewYork'soccasionalriots.

[D]ByputanendtoNewYork,sstreetcrimes.

5.What'stheindustrial-strengthcampaign,seffectwhichwaslaunched

towardtheendoftheLindsayadministrationin1971?

[A]Itledtoatrendofwidelyusedofthephrase“BigApple”.

Itmadethephrase"BigApple“havenewmeanings.

[C]Thecampaignisgoodfortherevivingofthename“BigCity”.

[D]Thecampaignleadtothename，swidelyusewhichwasgoodforits

reviving.

PassageTwo

Thereisabitterbattleoverhowtocombatthenation,s

fastest-growingcrimeproblem,juvenileoffenders.Whileoverallcrime

statisticsinAmerica'slargestcitieshasdroppedthereisonecategory

whereithasskyrocketed.Thatcategoryishomicidescommittedbyyouths

undertheageof17.Between1984and1994,murderscommittedbyyouths

under17tripled.Demographicstudiesshowthattherewillbeasurge

intheteenpopulationinthecomingyearsandexpertsbelievethat25

percentofallmurderscommittedbytheyear2005willbecommittedby

juveniles.

Violence(i.e.Aggravatedassaults)committedwithgunsbyyouths

hasalsoincreasedatroughlythesamepaceashomicides.Afteryears

ofstatisticaldecline,drugusebyteensisalsoontherise.Noneof

thesestatisticswouldappeartobodewellforfuture.

Itnowseemsthateverydaywearehearingabouthorrendousviolent

crimesbeingcommittedbyjuveniles.Themostfamousoflatewasthe

6-year-oIdinnorthernCaliforniawhoalmostbeattodeathasmallbaby.

ThebabywasjustreleasedfromthehospitalonThursdayandhassuffered

braindamagefromtheattackbythe6-year-oId.

Thereisalsothecaseofthe15-year-oldpregnantgirlwhowasshot

todeathbyanotherstudentinSt.Louis.InMiami,two16-year-oIdmales

havebeenchargedwiththemurderofaDutchwomantouristwhojust

happenedtoendupinthewrongneighborhood.A15-year-oIdNewYorkboy

triedtostealapairofearringsfromawoman.Duringtheattack,the

youngwomanfelltoherdeathunderaNewYorksubwaytrain.

InFortMeyers,Florida,agroupofteenagersshotandkilledahigh

schoolbandteacher.ThiscasewillbethesubjectofanupcomingENN

report,butapoliceinvestigationintothisgroupofteensturnedup

“would-bejuniorterrorists^thatcouldhaverivaledsomeoftheworst

terroristorganizationsintheworld.

Thereseemstobegrowingawarenessnowofthisjuvenilecrimeproblem

intheUnitedStates.Severalexperts,aswellasthispublication,have

beentryingveryhardtogetthewordout.Peoplewhohavebecomevictims

oftheseyoungfelonsareangryandarecallingforchangestobemade

inthejuvenilejusticesystem.

Ithasbeenalong-standingbeliefintheUnitedStatesthatjuveniles

whokill,rapeandrobbetreateddifferentlythanadultoffenders.But

thismaysoonchange.In1899,juvenilecourtswereestablishedtohelp

protect*juveniledelinquents."Butitseemsthattoday,thereasoning

fortheprotectionoftheyouthsinthecriminaljusticesystemmaybe

outdatedandchangesneedtobemadetoaccomodatethese"14-year-old

hardenfelons."Manycritics,today,saythatinrealitytoomany

hard-corejuvenileoffendersarearrestedheldandreleased

time-after-timeinaprocessthatiscalledarevolvingdoor.Itseems

toonlycometoanendwhenatrulyheinouscrimeiscommitted.

Becauseoftheriseinjuvenilecrimeandtheexpertspredictions

thattheproblemisgoingtogetworsebeforeitgetsbetter,manycities,

statesandevencongressaretryingtowrestlewiththeproblem.

Tallahassee,Floridahasbeenexperimentingwithacoupleofdifferent

programstodealwithtroubledyouths.Inonecase,TallahasseePolice

receivedareportofateenagerbreakingintoanauto.Immediately,

officersknewtheirsuspect.Thesuspectwasa16-year-oldwhoevenheld

ajobatanear-byrestaurant.This16-year-oldwhowasonparole,had

beenknowntocommit32similaroffenses.Officershadkeptthesuspect

trackedonapointscale.Hewasarrestedafterhebarricadedhimself

insideanapartmentbuilding.Becauseofhisextensivecriminalrecord

prosecutorsimmediatelysenthimtotrialinanadultcourt.Thiscan

becalledthe"get-tough"approach.

1.Asyoureadthefirstparagraph,whichkindofcrimesareincreasing

whilethecrimestatisticsinAmerica1slargestcitieshasdropped?

[A]Homicidescommittedbyyouths.

Murderscommittedbyadults.

[C]Drugabuse.

[D]Violation.

2.Readthethirdparagraphcarefullyandthenanswerthequestion:What

happenedtothe"6-year-old”?

[A]The"6-year-old"hadbeenkilled.

The"6-year-old“hadalmostkilledanothersmallbaby.

[C]The"6-year-old“hadbeensenttoprison.

[D]The"6-year-old“hadsufferedbraindamage.

3.WhatthingwillbereportbyENN?

[A]Ahighschoolteacherhadbeenkilledbyagroupofteenagers.

Juniorterrorists.

[C]Thecaseofthe15-year-oldpregnantgirlwhowasshottodeathby

anotherstudentinSt.Louis.

[D]BothAandB.

4.Whocalledforchangestobemadeinthejuvenilejusticesystem?

[A]JournalistscamefromFlorida.

Theparentscamefromthejuvenile，sfamilies.

[C]Teacherscamefromthejuvenile1sschool.

[D]Thevictimsoftheseyoungfelons.

5.AstheauthorusetheexampleofthecaseofTallahassee,whatdid

hemean?

[A]Toillustratetheimportanceofchangesthatshouldbemadeinthe

juvenilejusticesystem.

Tostatethatteenagerswhocommittedcrimesshouldbesenttotrialin

anadultcourt.

[C]Toexpressthattheoldlawwasnotfitforthenewphenomenon.

[D]Toexpressthattheauthorhatedthejuvenilecrimes.

练习答案与题解：

I.Cloze

1.fA]

definesthassth.是固定用法，意思是"给（词语等）下定义；阐明，解释某事”。

其余搭配均不正确。

2.[D]

economy为名词，有可数和不可数两种形式，其意思有”（金钱，力气，时间，

资源等）节省，节约"。economy也有"（国家的）经济管理，经济制度”的意思。

此题中economy就属于这个意思，且应为复数。

3.

evolve的意思为“（使）逐渐形成；（指植物、动物等）进化“。revolve意为"旋

转”；resolve意为"分解，溶解“；solve意为"解决（问题）

4.[C]

enhance意为”增强，增多"；move意为“移动"；motivate意为”激发”，均不合

题意。只有drivingforce是约定俗成的用法。此处drivingforce的意思是"sb./sth.

thatstronglyinfluencespeopleandmakesthemtodosth"o

5.

inthefirst/second...place用于如列举理由时，相当于firstly,secondly等等。

6.[A]

catchone'sattention/eye意为“吸引某人的注意"；draw（sb's）attentiontosth意

思是”令某人注意某事访”。

7.[A]

只有practitioner这个单词存在，其余选项虽然与构词规则有关系，但都是不存

在的词语。此题考查考生平时学习中的词汇积累。另外,practitian=practitioner。

8.[C]

playarolein...是固定用法，意思为"在......方面起作用其他搭配均不正确。

9.[A]

playarolein...为固定搭配，其余选项中的介词均不对。

10.

as在此处是副词，意为”和......一样“。

H.[A]

notonly...butalso是习惯搭配，意思是”不仅而且",如：Heisnotonly

interestedincoffee,butalsolikesdrinkingtea.他不但对咖啡感兴趣，而且也喜欢

喝茶。

12.

thought在此句中的意思是"思想，思潮"；thinking为动词的现在分词形式，不

能在此作名词用；ideology意为“意识形态"；theory意为”理论，学说”，均不

合题意。

13.[A]

introducesb/sthtosb意为”是相互认识，引见；宣布并介绍

14.[C]

surprise为动词，意思是”使（某人）吃惊"；surprised是形容词，besurprisedat

sth意为"惊奇的，惊讶的，诧异的surprising也是形容词，意思是"4人吃惊

的，使人吃惊的"；surprisingly是其副词形式。

15.[A]

focussthonsth意为”使某事物集中于一点；集中（于某事物）；将注意力集中于

（某事物）"o

16.[C]

此句中studies为名词，其后跟in表示”在......方面的研究、探索”。

17.[D]

infancy意为"婴儿期，幼儿期”，也可用作比喻义”（发展或成长的）初期其

余搭配均不能表达此意。

18.[D]

speed作动词的使后跟up搭配意思为“（使某事物）加速”。speedy为形容词，

意为”快速的，迅速的；及早的

19.

shrunk为shrink的过去分词形式，意思是"收缩，委琐，缩短”。

2O.[C]

appear是不及物动词，因此后面应跟tobe。

ReadingPassages

PartA

PassageOne

1.

段意归纳题。本题的干扰项在C项。纽约市被称为大苹果是我们的常识，所以

很多考生会选择这个选项。但陷阱往往就在这里。我们把这种陷阱称为"真理式

陷阱”。该类干扰项的共同特点在于，孤立的看，这个选项挑不出任何毛病，而

且往往能使我们联想起我们日常生活中的常识。但有至关重要的是该类选项在

目标段落中没有被谈到，所以需要被排除。

2.

选项中A项讲的是上一段说的内容，因此不能选。C项说大苹果最初是曼哈顿

名字这点说的不正确。文中提到曼哈顿只是说它与我们的命名有关，但没说这

名字给了曼哈顿了。D项说作者认为大苹果这个名字是爵士乐音乐家给起的，也

不正确。这个名字虽然与爵士乐家有关，但不是由爵士乐家们专门为纽约市取

的名字。

3.[C]

细节题。细读文章第六段即可找到答案。此类题只要准确定位到原文就可以顺

利排除干扰项。

4.

C和D项干扰意图明显，可以很容易被排除。A项虽然没有错，但相对而言，B

项说得更具体些。

5.[D]

该题的迷惑性在于如何区分几个相近选项。B项是可以首先排除的。接下来看A、

Co从一定意义上说，A、C都有道理。但根据选择最佳方案法，我们发现，D

项说得最全面。所以，这里把A、C排除而选择D。

［疑难长句翻译与注解］

1.Variousaccountshavetraced...apopular1930sdanceknownasthe”Big

Apple.”

［译文］关于大苹果这个称谓可以追述到很多来源，如有的说是大萧条时期人行道

旁的苹果摊卖主，有的归因于黑人住宅区夜总会，以及在二十世纪三十年代流

［注解『BigAppIe”是对纽篇市的一种约定俗成的称呼，本文就是探讨该名字的由

来。句中没有连词只是用句式的逻辑表达了出来，我们在翻译的时候要把连词

添Jbo

2."whichstillsurvivesonnewsstandstodayH

［译文］这份刊物现在还在发行。

［注解1不能翻译成”今天依然活在报摊上”。应该意译。意思是说这份刊物现在

还在发行，仍然存在。

3.Thecity'sindustrial-strengthcampaign...theendoftheLindsay

administrationin1971.

［译文］城市的加强工业运动开始于1971年Lindsay政府的任期将满之前。

［注解］"towardtheendoftheLindsayadministrationin1971”.的意思就是在

1971年，Lindsay政府任期将满之前。这里towardtheend是justbeforea

particulartime。

4.Theoldergenerationofjazzmenspecifically...areprobablyimpossibleto

document.

［译文］老一辈的爵士乐家们热衷于将其归功于早期大乐队最伟大的领导者之一

的FletcherHenderson,他们认为是他使“大苹果”这个名字流行起来的，但却不

大可能有东西证明这种事的存在。

［注解］jazzmen在这里指爵士乐家,credit除了有信任之意思外，还可以指”把......

归功于......"o本句中credit的意思就是后者。

5.Thetermhadgrownstaleandwasinfactgenerallyforgottenbythe1970s.

［译文］这种称谓逐渐变得了无新意，并于20世纪70年代被人布基本遗忘。

［注解］”Theterm”指代上文中提到的大苹果的称谓。“stale"指“陈旧的、不新鲜

的”，在这里译为了无新意。

PassageTwo

l.［AJ

细节题。本题只要读懂文章就不难排除干扰。我们细看原文可以发现，第一段

里只讲了青少年杀人犯罪问题，所以，后面几个选项都不符合要求。

2.

理解题。这道题考查对原文的理解。重点在于区分”6-year-oId”和“thebaby”。

只要将这两者区分清楚就不会选错。

3.［A］

本题是细节题。细读文章第五段可以发现，文中说将要被ENN报道的是A中提

到的佛罗里达州高中教师被青少年杀害事件。B项的少年恐怖分子虽在文中有提

及，但不是ENN要报道的内容，所以排除。

4.［D］

细节题。本文较为侧重考查考生捕捉细节的能力。在文中第六段段末可以看到,

受害者们最为关注针对青少年犯罪司法体系的修改。而选项中提到的C项虽然

有老师是受害者，但显然过于片面，故排除。

5.［A］

主旨题。作者在文中举了这个案例目的在于表明旧有的法律已经不适用了。对

于现在的一些青少年恶性案件来说，有必要加大惩处力度。所以，作者引用了

这个案例来说明如果不对青少年犯罪加以扼制，这批问题少年成年后还会对社

会造成危害。解这道题主要需要把握原文主旨。作者在文中对青少年犯罪持否

定态度，多处细节表明作者本身赞同对问题少年加以限制，所以这里的选择就

可以根据本文的主要精神加以把握。

［疑难长句翻译与注解］

1.Demographicstudiesshowthat...theyear2005willbecommittedbyjuveniles.

［译文］统计学的研究表明，在即将到来的一年里，青年人口将有迅蠢的增长。据

专家估计，在2005年，25%的谋杀事件是由青少年犯罪导致的。

［注解］其中,asurgeofsomething意思是asuddenincreaseinamountof

numberodemographic是形容词，意为人口统计学的。surge即可作名词也可

为动词，这里作动词用，意为迅猛增长。

2.Afteryearsofstatisticaldecline,drugusebyteensisalsoontherise.

［译文］尽管多年来的数据呈下降趋势，但青少年吸毒问题依然严重。

［注解］这句话不长，关键在于对词组"ontherise”意思的理解，在文中，该词组

的意思为依然在上升。

3.Severalexperts,aswellasthis...madeinthejuvenilejusticesystem.

［译文］一些专家以及这本刊物都在努力试图寻杀法律M支持，如受这些少年重犯

之害的人们都异常愤怒并呼吁政府对青少年司法制度进行更改。

［注解『felons”原型是“felon”，意思是重罪犯。这里"calling”是呼吁的意思。

4.Becauseoftheriseinjuvenile...congressaretryingtowrestlewiththeproblem.

［译文］由于青少年犯罪的增长加上专家们预测这个问题在得到改善之前将日趋

严重，很多城市、州，甚至国会都开始试着同这种问题做斗争了。

［注解］在原文中出现的连词“and”在翻译时，不一定译成“和“字，为了照顾汉语

的流畅，这个“和“可以译成“加上”。

5.Thesuspectwasa16-year-oldwhoevenheldajobatanear-byrestaurant.

［译文］这个嫌疑犯十六岁，甚至在附近的餐馆还拥有一份工作。

［注解『suspect”作嫌疑犯讲。在这里的定语从句没有翻译成定语而是译成了动宾

结构。

2009年考研英语全题型高分强化教程（十一）

PartB选择搭配

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions1~5,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA~Gtofitinto

eachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichdonotfit

inanyofthegaps.

ThemarriageLawofPeople'sRepublicofChinawasmodifiedin2001.

Theamendmentadaptstothevariationsintheeconomicdevelopmentand

socialchanges.

1.Somebasicsystemswerenotsetupintheformer

law,suchassystemofvoidmarriageandvoidablemarriageand

compensationforthedivorceinjuriesetc.Thesecondislackof

modificationandcompliment.Eversinceitsenforcementin1980,the

MarriageLawhadnotbeenmodifiedinspiteoftheseverechangeoccurred

inthereallifeofChinesemarriageandlivingconditions.Therefore,

themodificationoftheMarriageLawwasnotonlynecessarybutalsoin

emergency.

2.Inthefollowing,themainfacetsoftheamendment

willbeenumeratedandcommented.

3.Thefourcircumstancesarebigamy,

consanguineousmarriagethatisforbiddenbylaw,havingcertainillness

beforethemarriagethatisdeemedinmedicinenotsupposedtomarryand

notcuredaftermarriageandhavingnotreachedlawfulmatrimonialage.

IntheArticle11,itisstipulatedthemarriagethatcanbeannulledthat

is,voidablemarriage.Thestipulationsofthevoidablemarriagescontain

thecauseandthetimelimitofpetition.IntheArticle12,thelegal

consequencesofthevoidmarriageandthevoidablemarriagearestipulated.

Theconsequencesarethatsuchmarriagesarevoidfromtheverybeginning

andthepartiesdonotenjoymaritalrightsorbearmaritalobligation.

Thepropertythatwasobtainedinthecohabitantperiodistobedealt

withaccordingtothepartiesagreementandifnoagreementisreached

thecourtwilldecideintheprincipleofconsideringthepartywithno

fault.Asforthebigamy,theinterestsofthepartyinalegitimate

marriageshallnotbeinfringedandthestipulationsinthelawofrelation

betweenparentsandchildrenareappliedtothechildreninbigamy.

4.Contrarytothemediadisseminationbeforethe

modificationthatcriminalresponsibilitywillbeincludedintheproblem

ofsecondconcubine,thenewMarriageLawjustadoptthecivilliability.

However,itisstillstrengthenedinthefield.ThenewMarriageLaw

abandonedthedistinctionofbigamyinlawfulformandbigamyasamatter

offact.ThebigamyinthenewMarriageLawisonlythebigamyinlawful

form.Thebigamyasamatteroffactisincludedinthecohabitationdone

bypeoplewhohaveotherlegalspouse.IntheArticle46,bothbigamyand

thecohabitationofpeoplewhohavespouseareconditionsonwhichthe

otherpartyisentitledtodamages.

5.Tocohabitwithotherpeopleduringtheperiod

ofmarriageisoutofquestionthebreachoftheloyalobligationandthe

violationoftheotherparty，sconsortium.However,suchrightsand

obligationscanbestipulatedintheMarriageLaw.Criminal

responsibilityhasnolegalbasistobeincludedintothispartoflaw,

forifso,theexecutionoflawwillbedeprivedofcorrespondingbasis.

[A]Thesecondconcubineisthetypicalexampleofcohabitationwith

othersdonebypeoplewhohasspouse.Marriageispresumedtobeadeed

betweencertainmanandwomanwhobeartheloyalobligations.

Inthefirstplace,thesystemofvoidmarriageandvoidablemarriage

hasbeeninducedinthenewMarriageLawofP.R.C.IntheArticle10of

theMarriageLawitisstipulatedthatifoneofthefourcircumstances

ofmarriageisfulfilledthemarriagewillbeannouncedvoidbycourts.

[C]TherearetwomaindeficienciesintheMarriageLawofP.R.C.

beforethemodification,firstofwhichisthattheclausesaremostly

abstractprinciplesandlackofsystematicallycompleteness.

[D]Afterthemodification,severalnewsystemsareestablishedand

someclausesaredefinedclearerandmorepositive.

[E]Themaritalpropertysystemhasalwaysbeenanessentialsystem

inthefamilyandmarriagelegalregulations.

[F]Secondly,thelawisstrengthenedtoaddressthesituationof

secondconcubine.

[G]Thedivorcecriteriahavebeencompleted.Inthe1980Marriage

Law,thegeneralprincipleofincompatibilityisadopted.

HI.Translation

Pleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinthepassage.

Saddam，sCo-DefendantsAwaitExecution

(1)TwoofSaddamHussein'sco-defendanlsweretakenfromIheircells

andtoldtheyweregoingtobehangedonthesamedaytheformerdictator

wasexecutedtheirlawyersaidSunday.

(2)ButthetwocondemnedmenstillawaitdeathasIraqiofficials

decidehowtoavoidthekindofoutcrythatfollowedSaddam'shangingon

Dec.30.

AlsoonSunday,theU.S.militaryannouncedthedeathsoffivemore

Americantroopsandatleast14Iraqisdiedinbombingsandshootings.

Saddam'shalfbrotherandformerintelli