清华大学跨文化课程教案7课件

Chapter7CulturalPatterns

Learningobjectives:Inthischapter,theteachershouldenablethestudentsto:1.understandthedefinitionofculturalpatterns.2.describethecomponentsofculturalpatterns.summarizethetheoryaboutculturalpatterns.4.evaluatetheimportanceofculturalpatterns.Chapter7CulturalPatternsChapterOutlineCulturalPatternsBeliefsValuesHumanNaturePerson-NatureComponentsEdwardTHall’sContext-CultureTheoryKluckhohnandStrodtbeck’sValueOrientationDefinition

NormsSocialPracticesTimeActivityRelationalIndividualismandCollectivismUncertaintyAvoidancePowerdistanceMasculinity–FemininityHigh-contextLow-contextWaysofThinkingWaysofActingHofstede’sDimensionsofCulturalVariabilityChapter7CulturalPatterns1.Waysofthinking

culturalpatternsaresharedmentalprogramsthatgovernspecificbehaviorchoices.

2.Waysofacting

Culturalpatternsarenotsomuchconsciouslytaughtasunconsciouslyexperiencedasaby-productofday-to-dayactivities

TextA:DefiningculturalpatternsChapter7

CulturalPatterns

TextB:ComponentsofCulturalPatternsChapter7CulturalPatternsCulturalpatternsSocialPracticesNorms

BeliefsValues

Abeliefisanideathatpeopleassumetobetrueabouttheworld.

Forexample:1)awidelysharedbeliefdatesbacktothetimewhenEuropeansbelievedthattheearthwasflat2)abeliefformanyEuropeanAmericansisthatin“reality”thereisaseparationbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds.

BeliefsChapter7CulturalPatternsNorms

Normsarethesociallysharedexpectationsofappropriatebehaviors.Normsmaychangeoveraperiodoftime,whereasbeliefsandvaluestendtobemuchmoreenduring.Chapter7CulturalPatternsSocialPracticesSocialpracticesarethepredictablebehaviorpatternsthatmembersofaculturetypicallyfollow.Thus,socialpracticesaretheoutwardmanifestationsofbeliefs,values,andnorms.Chapter7CulturalPatternsTextC:EdwardT.Hall’sContext-culturetheory1）Thedefinitionofcontext:“theinformationthatsurroundsanevent;itisinextricablyboundupwiththemean­ingoftheevent.”2）Categorizationofhigh-contextcultureandlow-contextculturedependingonthedegreetowhichmeaningcomesfromtheset­tingsorfromthewordsbeingexchanged.Chapter7CulturalPatternsLow-contextcultureAlowcontext(LC)communicationisjusttheopposite;i.e.,themassoftheinformationisvestedintheexplicitcode.”AnAmericanstandingonchairinrestaurantgivingspeechathisleavinghishometown

Chapter7CulturalPatternsCulturesArrangedAlongtheHigh-ContextandLow-ContextDimension

High-ContextCulturesJapaneseChineseKoreanAfricanAmericanNativeAmericanArabGreekLatinItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGermanGerman-SwissLower-ContextCulturesChapter7CulturalPatternsCaseAnalysis-“wrongsignals”(1)Whatistheproblemshowninthiscase?(2)WhydidNingTongkeepsilent?Whatinformationdoyouthinkhewantedtoconvey?(3)WhydidTomgetsoangry?WhatishisinterpretationofNingTong’ssilence?

Chapter7CulturalPatternsHinduethics

1.Humannatureorientation2.Person-natureorientation3.Timeorientation

4.Activityorientation

5.RelationalorientationTextD:KluckhohnandStrodtbeck’svalueorientationChapter7CulturalPatterns1.Humannature

orientation

(1)Humansareevilbutchangeable,(2)humansareevilandunchangeable,(3)humansareneutralwithrespecttogoodandevil,(4)humansareamixtureofgoodandevil,(5)humansaregoodbutchangeable,and(6)humansaregoodandunchangeable.goodbutcorruptible

evilbutperfectible

Chapter7CulturalPatterns2.Person-natureorientation(1)

masterywithnature（注：图片为愚公移山）(2)

harmonywithnature（注：图片为中药材）(3)subjugationtonature（注：图片为印尼海啸）subjugationtonatureharmonywithnaturemasterywithnature

masterywithnatureChapter7CulturalPatterns4.Activityorientationa.Value-DoingOrientation

b.Value-BeingOrientation

c.Value-Being-in-BecomingOrientation

Chapter7CulturalPatterns5.Relationalorientationa.Value-IndividualismOrientation

b.Value-LinealityOrientation

c.Value-CollateralityOrientation

Chapter7CulturalPatternsExploringIdeasWhatwouldyouaddorchangetomoreaccuratelyexpresstheChineseorientationtorelation?Istherelationalorientationchanging?Whatisyourevidence?

Chapter7CulturalPatterns1.Individualismversuscollectivism

Thecharacteristicsofculturesthatvalueindividualism

People’spersonalgoalstakepriorityovertheirgroupslikethefamilyortheemployer.Theloyaltyofindividualiststoagivengroupisveryweak.Peoplefeeltheybelongtomanygroupsandareapttochangetheirmembershipasitsuitsthem,switchingchurches,forexample,orleavingoneemployerforanother.