英语语法-冠词课件

不定冠词/定冠词

常放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的意义,起泛指或特指的作用1、不定冠词a/an的用法：

不定冠词a/an用在单数名词的前面,a用在辅音音素开头的词前面;an用在元音音素开头的词的前面。(1)表示“一”这个数量。如：Thereisatableandfourchairsinthatdining-room.(在那个餐厅里有一张桌子和四把椅子。)（就近原则）

(2)表示某类人或事物,以区别于其他种类。如：Anelephantismuchstrongerthanaman.(大象比人强壮多了。)(不能译为：一头大象比一个人强壮。)(3).表示“一个……另一个…”之意时用one而不用a例：Oneman’smeatisanotherman’spoision人各有志。另：在下列情况下，a,one可以互换：例：ina/oneword简而言之，a/onehundredpercent百分之百，十足(4).用在单数名词前，相当于某一个或某一位，抑或用在物质名词或抽象名词表“一阵”，“一份”等或表抽象名词具体化。例：a.AMrLicalledyoutonight，（某一位）b.Unfortunately,onlythepoorboywascaughtinaheavyrain（表一阵）c.Throughtheirefforts,theirexperimentwasquiteagreatsuccess.（抽象名词具体化）(5)a/an可表“每一”之意例：Igothereonceaweektoensurethateverythingisok.（每一周）*不定冠词的位置不定冠词常位于名词、量词或名词修饰语气前。1．位于下列形容词之后。如：such,many,what,halfetc例：Manyamanisfitforthejob.很多人适合这项工作。Ihavenevermetsuchamanlikehim.我从来就没有遇到像他这样的人。2.当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时，不定冠词放在形容词之后。Hewasinfectedwithsodeadlyadiseasethatdoctorswereincompletedoubt.他感染了致命的疾病以至于医生们束手无策。Heissuchacleverboythatwealllovehim3.在asthough引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为adj修饰的名词时，不定冠词在形容词后。例：Braveamanas/thoughheis,hetremblesatthesightoftigers他尽管勇敢，可见到老虎还是发抖。4．可数单数名词的形容词比较级有nomuch,far,allthe等修饰时，不定冠词位于比较级的形容词之后，名词之前。例：MrLi,thetutorwasnobetteraschoolarthanmanyanine–formboy.李先生这位家庭教师并不比九年级学生强。2、定冠词the的用法：定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。(1)表示特指的人或事物。如：ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack..(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2)指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Lookattheblackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3)复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：Thereisamanunderthetree.ThemaniscalledRobert.(树下有个人,那个人叫罗伯特。)(4)表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：Theearthturnsaroundthesun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5)用在表示方位的名词前面。如：TherewillbestrongwindtothesouthoftheYangtzeRiver.(长江以南地区将会刮大风。)(6)在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Whoisthefirstonetogo?(谁第一个去？)/Ofallthestars,thesunisthenearesttotheearth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)(7)常用在乐器名称的前面。如：Hebegantoplaytheviolinattheageof5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)(8)用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：IhaveneverbeentotheHimalayaMountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)THEYANGZERIVERthe

Yellow

River(9)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词的前面。如：HeisfromtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.(他来自美利坚合众国)(10)用在姓氏复数之前表示一家人。如：TheGreensaregoingtoMountEmeinextmonth.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same之前一般用the。如：LucyandLilylook

thesame.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语：atthesametime(与此同时),makethebed(铺床),intheend(最后),allthetime(一直),bytheway(顺便说一下),ontheway(在路上)等等。(5)三餐饭前不用。如：Wehavebreakfastathomeandlunchatschool.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6)节、假日前一般不用。如：OnChildren’sDaytheboysoftengetpresentsfromtheirparents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)(7)球类名词前不用。如：ThechildrenplayfootballonSaturdayafternoons.孩子们星期六下午踢足球8）当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词。例如：Ican'twritewithoutpenorpencil.没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。9）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，如bybus，bytrain。10）有些个体名词不用冠词，如school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。例如：gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）11）不用冠词的序数词；a.序数词前有物主代词时。b.序数词作副词。例如：Hecamefirstintherace.他跑步得了第一。c.在固定词组中，如at（the）first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast等。()1.______recentreportstatedthatthenumberofSpanishspeakersintheU.S.wouldbehigherthanthenumberofEnglishspeakerby_____year2090.A.A,theB.A,/C.The,/D.The,a()2.Ifyougoby______train,youcanhavequiteacomfortablejourney,butmakesureyouget_____fastone.A./,/B./,aC.the,aD./,/()3.Itisoftensaidthat____teachershave_______veryeasylife.A/,/B./,aC.the,/D.the,a()4.Ican’trememberwhenexactlytheRobinsonsleft_____city,Ionlyrememberitwas______Monday.。the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,a()5.Ifyougrowupin______largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_____abilitytogetonwellwith______others.A./,antheB.a,the,/C.the,an,theD.a,the,the()11.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto_____hotel;Icanfindyou______bedinmyflat.the,aB.the,/C.a,theD.a,/()12.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theywillknock20penceoff________.A.apriceB.priceC.thepriceD.prices()13.____on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish–speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis_______majorconcernofthecountry.The,/B.The,aC.An,theD.An,/()14.Whenheleft_____college,hegotajobas______reporterinanewspaperoffice.A./,aB /,theC.atheD.the,the()15Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis___partthatitplayedin____IndustrialRevolution.A./,/B.the,/C.the,theD.a,the()16.WhilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescopeNewtonmade_______discoverywhichcompletelychanged____man’sunderstandingofcolor.a,/B.a,theC./,theD.the,a()17.Itis___worldofwonders,_____worldwhereanythingcanhappen.A.a.theB.a,aC.the,aD./,/()18.TheWilsonslivein______A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_______17thcenturycottage.the,/B.an,theC./,theD.an,a()19.Tomowns______largercollectionof______booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.the,/B.a,/C.a,theD./,the()20.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying___word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak_____silence.the,aB.a,theC.a,/D.the,

()21.Therewas____time_____Ihatedtgotoschool.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when()22.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhave______betterunderstandingof______life.,A.a,theB.the.aC./,theD.a,/()23.Iearn10dollars____hoursas____supermarketcashieronSaturday.a,anB.the,aC.an,aD.an,the()24Thesignreads“incaseof___fire,breaktheglassandpush_____redbutton”A./,aB./,theC.the,theD.a,a()25.Idon’tliketalk