2022年中考英语真题分类汇编专题16 阅读理解 考点4 议论文（教师版）

专题16阅读理解考点4议论文（一）（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）Thereisnodoubtthattechnologyhashadabiginfluenceonourlives.PeoplefromallaroundtheworldcannowtalktoeachotheralmostatonceonmobilephonesandtheInternet.Peoplecaneasilysolvetheirproblemswiththehelpofcomputersandtheworldwideweb.Withthistechnology,itseemsthattheworldismoreconnectednowthaneverbefore.Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonelyanddisconnectedfromothersaroundthem.Sodoesthismeanthattechnologymakesuslonely?Inmyopinion,itishardtosayYesorNo.It’struethathumansneedcommunicationwitheachother.Ifwedependontechnologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmental(心理的)health.Forme,technologyisatool.Andjustlikeanyotherkindoftool—likescissors,apenciloraruler,forexample,itdependsonhowweuseit:inarightwayorinarightplace.Takesocialmedia(社交媒体)asanexample.Ifyouonlyuseittocompareyourselfwithothers,youmightfeelsadandlonely.Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyortostartanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,thelonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.Whenyoufeellonelyafterstaringatyourcomputerscreenallday,maybeyoucanusethattechnologytoreachouttoareliable(可靠的)friendandinvitehimorheroutforlunchoracoffee.36．Accordingtothewriter,technologyis________.A．atool B．aninfluenceC．apairofscissors D．awayofcommunication37．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“impact”inPaqugraph4?A．帮助 B．促进 C．影响 D．进入38．Accordingtothepassage,ifpeopleusetechnologytoomuch,peoplemay________.A．sleepless B．livelonger C．feellonely D．getmorejobs39．Whenweusetechnologyto________others,wecanfindloveandfriendship.A．arguewith B．competewith C．connectwith D．comparewith40．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Socialmediaisimportanttous. B．Technologycanbegoodandbadtous.C．Peopleneedtocommunicatewitheachother. D．ComputersandtheInternethelpuswithourwork.【答案】36．A37．C38．C39．C40．B【导语】本文介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在带来便利的同时，使人们之间的交流变少了。作者呼吁我们可以多和朋友出去。36．细节理解题。根据“Forme,technologyisatool.”可知，对作者来说，技术是一种工具。故选A。37．词句猜测题。分析“Ifwedependontechnologytoomuchtocommunicate,thiscanbadlyimpactourmental(心理的)health.”可知，如果我们过于依赖技术来交流，这会严重影响我们的心理健康。此处impact的意思是“影响”，故选C。38．细节理解题。根据“Evenso,therehavebeenworriesabouttechnologymakingpeoplefeellonelyanddisconnectedfromothersaroundthem.”可知，有人担心科技会让人们感到孤独，与周围的人失去联系。故选C。39．细节理解题。根据“Butifyouuseitasatooltoconnectwithfriendsandfamilyortostartanewcommunitytotalkaboutyourhobbiesandinterests,thelonelinesswillturnintoloveandfriendship.”可知，如果你把技术作为与朋友和家人联系的工具，或者建立一个新的社区来谈论你的爱好和兴趣，孤独就会变成爱和友谊。故选C。40．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍技术对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，在为我们带来便利的同时，也带来了问题。故选B。（二）（2022·河北·中考真题）Nobodywantstolose,butwemustacceptthatlosingisapartoflife.Afterall,wecan’twinallthetime.However,wecanlearnsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure（失败）.Thismayhelpussucceedinthefuture.Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.Wemustnotbeafraidoflosing.Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthebrightsideofit.Failurecan’tbeavoidedinourlife.Edisonfailed10,000timesbeforeheinventedthelightbulb（灯泡）.Whenhewasaskedhowhefelt,hesaidthathehadn’tfailed10,000timesbuthadlearned10,000thingswhichdidn’twork.Wemustknowthathistoryisfullofexamplesofmenandwomenwhoachievedsuccessalthoughtheyfailedmanytimes.Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearntotakeadvantageofit.Rememberthatitcanbehelpful.Takeactiontowalkoutofit.Whenwelose,thinkaboutwhatwedidandhowwecanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,we’llbeluckyenough.Maybeheorshehasbeenthroughthesameexperiencebefore.Manypeopleenjoyhelpingotherssolveproblems.Thiscansaveusalotoftimeinlearninghowtoavoidthesamemistakesinthefuture.Weshouldfaceourfailurewhenwelose.Thereisonlyonewinnerineverycompetition.Somewin,whilesomelose.Thatisausualwayoflife.Ifweofferourcongratulations（祝贺）tothewinnersandshareintheirhappiness,wewon’tfeelsorryforourfailure.Inaword,beingagoodloserwillhelpustosucceedinlife.Itmightbepainfulatthebeginning,buttherearemanyadvantages.Goodloserssetexamplestous,andmostimportantly,theyfinallywin.31．Whatcanwelearnfromeveryfailureaccordingtothetext?A．Awayoflife. B．Avaluablething. C．Ageneralrule. D．Asecretofsuccess.32．Inthewriter’seyes,whydidEdisonachievesuccess?A．Hegothelpfromothers. B．Hehappenedtomakeit.C．Heavoidedpossiblemistakes. D．Hesawthebrightsideoflosing.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disgraceful”probablymean?A．Bad. B．Personal. C．Dangerous. D．Interesting.34．Whatdoesthewriteradvisetheloserstodoinacompetition?A．Expresstheregrets. B．Forgetthefailure.C．Shareinthewinners’enjoyment. D．Joininanothercompetition.35．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．IdeasaboutHowtoAvoidMistakes B．ExperienceinDealingwithProblemsC．AdviceonHowtoBeaGoodLoser D．AdvantagesofbothSuccessandFailure【答案】31．B32．D33．A34．C35．C【导语】本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。31．细节理解题。根据“However,wecanlearnsomethingvaluablefromeveryfailure（失败）.”可知，然而，我们可以从每一次失败中学到一些有价值的东西。故选B。32．细节理解题。根据“Whenwelose,justtakeitwithasmileandlookonthebrightsideofit.”可知，当我们失败的时候，微笑着接受它，看到它光明的一面。爱迪生成功是因为他看到了失败的光明的一面。故选D。33．词句猜测题。根据“Losingisnotverydisgraceful.Wemustacceptourfailureandlearntotakeadvantageofit.”可知，失败不是很丢脸。我们必须接受失败，并学会利用它。disgraceful与Bad意思相近。故选A。34．细节理解题。根据“Ifweofferourcongratulations（祝贺）tothewinnersandshareintheirhappiness,wewon’tfeelsorryforourfailure.”可知，如果我们向获奖者表示祝贺并分享他们的快乐，我们不会为我们的失败感到遗憾。故选C。35．最佳标题题。根据“Sowemustknowhowtobeagoodloser.”及全文可知，本文主要讲述了失败对于我们的好处，以及如何应对失败。C选项“关于如何成为一个好失败者的建议”符合题意。故选C。（三）（2022·山东泰安·中考真题）Countingthehairsonyourheadwouldbeverydifficult.Manyhavetried,butmostpeoplegiveupafterlosingcountorgettingbored!However,scientistssaypeoplehavemorethan100,000hairsontheirheadsonaverage.Ofcourse,thisnumberisdifferentfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplehavemuchmorehairthanothers.Whatcauseshairloss?Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.Italsorunsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowolder.Toavoidlosinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyandcondition（养护）yourhairtohelpkeepyourhairhealthy.It’salsoimportanttobegentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair.Hairlossisnotthesameasdailyshedding（脱落）.Peopleloseanaverageof50to100hairsaday.It’snormal.Ifyouarelosingmorehairthanaverage,talktotheadultsyoutrust.Theycanhelpyoudecidewhethertoaskadoctorforhelp.Whydohumanshavehairontheirheads?Mostothermammals（哺乳动物）havethickfur（毛）coveringtheirwholebodies.Whilehumansgrowsmallandfine（细微的）hairsonmuchoftheirskin,it’smuchthickeronthetopofthehead.Scientistssaytheanswerscomedowntoevolution.Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausetheyhavemoresweatglands（汗腺）thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.Therefore,thetopoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromthesun.Thisiswhypeoplehavemorehairontheirheadsthanontherestoftheirbodies.Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweatherandkeepahealthybodytemperature.18．HowmanyreasonsforhairlossarementionedinParagraph2?A．3 B．4 C．5 D．619．Youcantakethefollowingmeasures（措施）toavoidlosinghairexcept________.A．wearingahatallthetime B．washingyourhaircorrectlyC．brushingorcombinghairgently D．conditioningyourhair20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolution”meaninthelastparagraph?A．进化 B．发育 C．天生 D．训练21．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Ingeneral,it’seasierforyoungpeopletolosehairthanoldpeople.B．Thehaironhumanheadshelpskeepheatincoldweather.C．Ifyoulose50to100hairseveryday.youmustaskadoctorforhelp.D．Allthemammalshavethickfurcoveringtheirwholebodiesbecausetheyhavenosweatglands.【答案】18．C19．A20．A21．B【导语】本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头发。18．细节理解题。根据“Therearemanyreasons,suchasstress,illnessandstyling.Italsorunsinfamilies.Besides,manypeoplesimplylosehairastheygrowolder”可知，关于脱发的原因提到了五点：压力，疾病，发型，家族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱发，故选C。19．细节理解题。根据“Toavoidlosinghair,youshouldwashyourhaircorrectlyandcondition（养护）yourhairtohelpkeepyourhairhealthy.It’salsoimportanttobegentlewhenbrushingorcombinghair”可知，为了避免脱发，你应该正确地洗头并护理头发，梳头时要温和，故选A。20．词义猜测题。根据“Humansprobablyevolvedwithoutfurbecausetheyhavemoresweatglands（汗腺）thanothermammals.Humanswalkuprightontwolegs.Therefore,thetopoftheirheadsneedsprotectionfromthesun”可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，人类用两条腿直立行走。因此，他们的头顶需要长出一些毛发来防晒，所以人类头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evolution表示“进化”，故选A。21．推理判断题。根据“Thehairalsohelpskeepheatincoldweatherandkeepahealthybodytemperature”可知，头发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，故选B。（四）（2022·浙江湖州·中考真题）①Therearelotsofthingsthatcausestress(压力)inourlives,suchasschoolproblems,argumentswithfriendsandsometimesbadfeelingsaboutourselves.Weallexperiencestressattimes,butit’simportanttomanageitproperlyandreduce(减少)itsinfluence.Herearesomehelpfultipsfordealingwithstress.②Sometimeswefeelstressedwithoutunderstandingthereason.Sowheneveryou’restressed,youshouldstopandthink.Whatisreallyhappening?Howcanyouimprovethesituation?Trykeepingadiaryaboutyourproblemsandthepossiblecauses.③DoyoualwayswaituntilSundayeveningtodohomework?Thisbadhabitcancause“last-minute”stress,aswellaspoorgrades.Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.Planyourstudiesandotheractivitieswithacalendar.Youcanalsodividebigprojectsintosmallertasks.Inthisway,you’llalwaysknowhowmuchtimeyoureallyhave.④Besides,healthyhabitsareveryimportantforreducingstress.Besuretoeathealthymealsandgetatleasteighthoursofsleep.Avoidcheckingyourmobilephoneorusingthecomputerbeforebedtime.Itwillkeepyouawake!⑤Whenyou’refeelingstressed,it’shelpfultospeaktosomeonewhounderstandsyoursituation,suchasyourfriendsandfamilies.Sometimesit’senoughtotalkaboutyourproblemsandshareyourfeelings.Othertimes,however,youmightneedadviceorsuggestions.Don’tkeepyourworriestoyourself.⑥Finally,relaxationisimportant,Findsomefreetimeforactivitiesthatyouenjoy,suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample,seeingafilmorhangingoutafter5days’studycouldbeagoodchoice.Ifyoufindsometimetorelaxandenjoyyourself,you’llfeelrefreshed,havemoreenergy,andreduceyourlevelofstress.19．WhatadvicedoesthewritergivetoreducestressinParagraph3?A．Stopandthink. B．Manageyourtime. C．Watchyourhealth. D．Reachoutforhelp.20．HowdoesthewriterdevelopParagraph6?A．Bytellingstories. B．Bylistingnumbers. C．Byaskingquestions. D．Bygivingexamples.21．Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?A． B． C． D．【答案】19．B20．D21．A【导语】本文主要介绍了一些处理压力的有用的技巧。19．细节理解题。根据“Toavoidthat,timemanagementisgreatlyneeded.”可知，本段给出的建议是要进行时间管理，故选B。20．细节理解题。根据“suchassports,hobbiesandmeetingwithfriends.Forexample...”可知，本段是通过举例子来说明，故选D。21．篇章结构题。根据整个文章的理解可知，本文第一段总体指出有一些处理压力的有用的技巧，第二至六段分别从不同的方面介绍缓解压力的方式，故选A。（五）（2022·浙江宁波·中考真题）Recently,manypeoplethinkit’sriskytousecredit(信用)cardnumbersonline.However,fromtimetotime,weallusepasswordsandIDnumbersontheInternet.Wethinkwearesafe,butthatmaynotbetrue!Anewkindofattack(攻击)isbeingusedbydishonestpeopletostealIDsandcreditcardnumbersfromwebsurfers.Thisnewkindofattackiscalled“phishing”.Phishingsoundsthesameastheword“fishing”,anditmeansthatathiefistryingtotrickpeopleintogivingawayvaluableinformation.Likerealfishermen,phishersusebait(诱饵)intheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.Forexample,phishersmightusefalseemailsandwebsitestotrickpeopleintorevealing(透露)creditcardnumbers,accountusernames,andpasswords.Theyimitate(模仿)well-knownbanks,onlinesellers,andcreditcardcompanies.Successfulphishersmaymakeasmanyas5%ofthepeoplebelieveandgiveawaytheirpersonalinformation.It’sreallyabigproblem!Actually,tricking5%oftheonlinepopulationishuge.Nowmorethan4.6billionpeoplehaveaccess(进入权)totheInternet,and75%ofthoseInternetusersliveinthewealthiestcountriesonEarth.Ithasbeenreportedthatphisherssendmorethan40billionfalsemessageseachyear.Evenbytrickingonly5%ofthepeople,phisherscanmakealotofmoney.Amy,18,fromCalifornia,receivedanemail.AmantoldAmythatshecouldgetamilliondollarsinheraccountasarewardifshesentathousanddollarstohim.Amydidasthemansaidatonce.The“thief”usedAmy’sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?Aboveall,theyhavetolearntorecognizetheemailthathasbeensentbyaphisher.Alwaysbecarefulwithanyemailwithurgent(紧急的)requestsforpersonalinformation.Phisherstypicallywriteupsettingorexciting,butfalse,statementsintheiremailssothatpeoplewillreplyrightaway.Nevergiveoutpersonalinformationtophishers.Andifanoffersoundstoogoodtobetrue,itis.27．Phishingiscomparedto________accordingtothepassage.A．makingmoney B．playinggames C．catchingfish D．writingemails28．WhichwritingskillisusedinPara.3?A．Givingexamples. B．Listingnumbers. C．Raisingquestions. D．Usingsayings.29．Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“transfer”inPara.4?transferv.(transferred,transferring)①tomovefromoneplace,school,jobetctoanother②toconnectthecallofsomeonetosomeoneelse’s③tomovemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother④tochangefromonebus,planeetctoanotherA．① B．② C．③ D．④30．Besidesintroducingwhatphishingis,thewriteralsotellsushowto________.A．helptocatchphishers B．replytourgentemailsC．paybycreditcard D．protectourselvesonline【答案】27．C28．B29．C30．D【导语】本文主要讲述了网络欺骗以及如何避免在网上被欺骗。27．细节理解题。根据“Likerealfishermen,phishersusebaitintheformofgreatonlinedealsorservices.”可知，就像真正的渔夫一样，网络钓鱼者以在线交易或服务的形式使用诱饵；将“Phishing”比作“catchingfish”。故选C。28．推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，通过列举数字说明网络被骗者很多。故选B。29．词句猜测题。根据“The‘thief’usedAmy’sSocialSecuritynumbertogetcreditcardsinhernameandtransferredhermoney.”可知，这名“小偷”使用艾米的社会安全号码获得了以她名字命名的信用卡，并转移了她的钱，因此“transfer”意为“tomovemoneyfromoneaccounttoanother”。故选C。30．推理判断题。根据“Howcanpeopleavoidbeingcheatedonline?”可知，最后一段作者还告诉我们如何避免在网上被欺骗。故选D。（六）（2022·安徽·中考真题）TheSearch-for-Lost-Birdslisthascometopublicattentionrecently.Itliststenkindsofbirdsthathavenotbeenseeninthewildforatleastfifteenyears.Thelistiscallingonpeopletosearchfortherarest(最珍稀的)birdsonEarth.Therecouldbeseveralreasonsforthelongdisappearancesofthebirdsonthe